Free Writing & Citation Tools
1001 free tools for students, researchers, and academic writers. No sign-up required.
Citation Generators
Cite any source — books, articles, websites, laws, data, media, and more — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and thousands of other styles.
DOI Citation Generator
Paste a DOI and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, year, and journal filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles.
ISBN Citation Generator
Enter a book's ISBN and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, publisher, and year filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles.
PMID Citation Generator
Paste a PubMed ID (PMID or PMCID) and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, year, and journal filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, Vancouver, and 10,834 styles.
arXiv Citation Generator
Paste an arXiv ID and get a full, formatted preprint citation — authors, title, and year filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,834 styles.
Website Citation Generator
Paste a URL and get a full, formatted website citation — author, title, site name, and date filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles.
Book Citation Generator
Search a book by title or ISBN and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, publisher, and year filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles.
Book Chapter Citation Generator
Cite a chapter in an edited book or anthology in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the chapter author, chapter title, book editor(s), book title, page range, and publisher and get a full, formatted reference.
Journal Article Citation Generator
Paste a DOI or article title and get a full, formatted journal citation — author, title, journal, volume, year, and pages filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,834 styles.
YouTube Citation Generator
Paste a YouTube or video URL and get a full, formatted citation — uploader, title, site, and date filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles.
Newspaper Citation Generator
Paste an online news article URL and get a full, formatted citation — author, headline, newspaper, and date filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles.
Magazine Citation Generator
Cite a print or online magazine article in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the author, article title, magazine name, and date and get a full, formatted reference.
Podcast Citation Generator
Cite a podcast episode or series in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the host, episode title, show name, and date and get a full, formatted reference.
Conference Paper Citation Generator
Cite a conference paper, presentation, or proceedings in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,834 styles — enter the paper title, authors, conference name, location, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Encyclopedia Citation Generator
Cite an encyclopedia or reference-work entry — Wikipedia, Britannica, or a subject encyclopedia — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles. Enter the entry title, encyclopedia name, author, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Social Media Citation Generator
Cite a tweet, X post, Instagram, Facebook, or TikTok in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the post content, author/handle, platform, date, and URL and get a full, formatted reference.
Dictionary Citation Generator
Cite a dictionary entry — Merriam-Webster, the OED, or any online or print dictionary — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles. Enter the word, dictionary name, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference with the APA n.d. + retrieval-date rule applied.
Report Citation Generator
Cite a government report, technical report, NGO or think-tank report, annual report, or white paper in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the organization, title, report number, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Song Citation Generator
Cite a song, single, or album — from Spotify, Apple Music, or a CD — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles. Enter the artist, song title, album, label, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
TV Show & Episode Citation Generator
Cite a TV show or a single television episode — enter the episode title, series, season and episode numbers, network, and writer or director — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles. Free, no sign-up.
Movie & Film Citation Generator
Enter a film's title, director, studio, and year and get a full, formatted citation — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles. Free, no sign-up.
Thesis & Dissertation Citation Generator
Cite a thesis or dissertation in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the author, title, degree type, university, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Interview Citation Generator
Cite a personal, published, or broadcast interview in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the interviewee, interviewer, date, and publication and get a full, formatted reference.
Image Citation Generator
Enter a photo, figure, or artwork's creator, title, format, year, and source and get a full, formatted citation — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles. Free, no sign-up.
PDF Citation Generator
Upload a journal article's PDF and we find its DOI right in the file, then cite it in any of 10,834 styles. The PDF never leaves your browser.
In-Text Citation Generator
Generate in-text citations for APA, MLA, and Chicago. Enter author names and year to get properly formatted parenthetical and narrative citations.
Chicago Footnote Generator
Generate full Chicago-style footnotes (notes and bibliography). Paste a URL, DOI, or ISBN and get the footnote plus the matching bibliography entry.
Annotated Bibliography Maker
Create annotated bibliography entries. Add summaries and evaluations to your citations with proper formatting.
ChatGPT & AI Citation Generator
Create APA 7 references and in-text citations, MLA 9 Works Cited entries and in-text citations, or Chicago 18 notes for text-generating AI tools.
Lecture Citation Generator
Cite a lecture, PowerPoint, or class handout in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the lecturer, title, course, institution, and date and get a full, formatted reference.
Patent Citation Generator
Cite a patent in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,834 styles — enter the inventor, patent number, issuing office, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Dataset Citation Generator
Cite a dataset or data repository — from Kaggle, Zenodo, ICPSR, or a government portal — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles. Enter the creator, title, repository, version, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Software & Code Citation Generator
Cite software, an app, or a GitHub repository in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the developer, program name, version, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Bible & Religious Text Citation Generator
Cite the Bible, Quran, Torah, or another religious work in APA, MLA, and Chicago — enter the version, book, chapter, and verse and get the correct reference and in-text citation.
Brochure & Pamphlet Citation Generator
Cite a brochure, pamphlet, flyer, or fact sheet in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the organization, title, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Press Release Citation Generator
Cite a press release or news announcement in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the organization, title, date, and URL and get a full, formatted reference.
Wikipedia Citation Generator
Cite a Wikipedia article in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the article title, retrieval date, and URL and get a full, formatted reference, plus guidance on when Wikipedia is an acceptable source.
Blog Post Citation Generator
Cite a blog post in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the author, post title, blog name, date, and URL and get a full, formatted reference.
Speech Citation Generator
Cite a speech, address, or keynote in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the speaker, title, event, location, and date and get a full, formatted reference.
Email & Personal Communication Citation Generator
Cite an email, letter, text message, or private conversation in APA, MLA, and Chicago — with the APA personal-communication rule (in-text only, no reference entry) applied correctly.
Court Case Citation Generator
Cite a court case or legal decision in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the case name, reporter, court, and year and get a full, formatted reference with Bluebook-style guidance.
Law & Statute Citation Generator
Cite a law, statute, or act in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the statute name, code, section, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Map Citation Generator
Cite a map — Google Maps, an atlas, or a historical map — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles. Enter the cartographer, title, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Poem Citation Generator
Cite a poem from an anthology, collection, or website in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the poet, poem title, collection, editor, and pages and get a full, formatted reference.
Play Citation Generator
Cite a published play or drama — Shakespeare, modern scripts, or translated works — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles, with act.scene.line in-text guidance for MLA.
Video Game Citation Generator
Cite a video game in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the developer, game title, version or platform, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Mobile App Citation Generator
Cite a mobile app or web application in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the developer, app name, version, platform, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Technical Standard Citation Generator
Cite a technical standard — ISO, IEEE, ANSI, ASTM, or DIN — in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,834 styles. Enter the issuing body, standard number, title, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Artwork & Painting Citation Generator
Cite a painting, sculpture, or artwork — seen in a museum or online — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles. Enter the artist, title, year, medium, and museum and get a full, formatted reference.
Review Citation Generator
Cite a book review, film review, or product review in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the reviewer, review title, the work reviewed, and the publication and get a full, formatted reference.
Sheet Music Citation Generator
Cite a musical score or sheet music in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the composer, title, edition, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Manuscript & Archival Material Citation Generator
Cite an unpublished manuscript, letter collection, or archival material in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the author, title, collection, repository, and date and get a full, formatted reference.
Radio Broadcast Citation Generator
Cite a radio broadcast, segment, or program in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the host, segment title, program, station, and date and get a full, formatted reference.
Anthology Citation Generator
Cite an edited anthology or collection — the whole book or a single work inside it — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles. Enter the editor(s), title, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
E-book Citation Generator
Cite a Kindle, EPUB, or other e-book in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the author, title, publisher, year, and platform or URL and get a full, formatted reference.
Translated Book Citation Generator
Cite a translated book in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,834 styles — enter the author, translator, title, publisher, and both publication years and get a full, formatted reference with the translator credited correctly.
Constitution Citation Generator
Cite an article, section, clause or amendment of the U.S. Constitution or a state constitution in APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago 18 and Bluebook form, with in-text citations.
Executive Order Citation Generator
Cite a U.S. presidential executive order from the Federal Register or 3 C.F.R. in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with the order number written the way each style wants.
Congressional Bill Citation Generator
Cite an unenacted U.S. bill or resolution — H.R., S., H.Res., S.J.Res. and more — with its Congress and year in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18.
Federal Regulation Citation Generator
Cite a U.S. federal regulation from the Code of Federal Regulations, or a final or proposed rule in the Federal Register, in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18.
Treaty Citation Generator
Cite a treaty or international convention — name, parties, signing date and a treaty series such as U.N.T.S. or T.I.A.S. — in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18.
Congressional Hearing Citation Generator
Cite a published House or Senate committee hearing, or one witness's testimony, with the Congress, year and page in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18.
UN Document Citation Generator
Cite a UN General Assembly or Security Council resolution, or a UN report, by its document symbol (A/RES/70/1, S/RES/2334 (2016)) in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18.
EU Law Citation Generator
Cite EU regulations, directives, decisions and Court of Justice judgments, with the Official Journal reference or ECLI, in OSCOLA, APA 7 and Harvard (Cite Them Right).
Audiobook Citation Generator
Cite an audiobook in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18 with the narrator, the audio publisher, the first print year and time stamps for quotations.
Live Performance Citation Generator
Cite a play, musical, opera, ballet or concert you attended in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with the company, venue and date of the performance you saw.
Webinar Citation Generator
Cite a recorded or live webinar in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, including APA's personal-communication form for a session that was never recorded.
Online Course Citation Generator
Cite a MOOC or online course (Coursera, edX, Khan Academy) or one of its lectures in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, and class materials behind a login.
Comic & Graphic Novel Citation Generator
Cite graphic novels, collected editions, comic book issues and webcomics in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, crediting the writer, artist and issue number.
Advertisement Citation Generator
Cite print ads, TV and radio commercials, online ads and billboards in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with a headline or the description each style uses.
Museum Exhibition Citation Generator
Cite a museum or gallery exhibition you visited, or its catalog, in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with the curators, museum, city and dates of the show.
AI Image Citation Generator
Credit an image made with DALL·E, Midjourney, Adobe Firefly or another AI tool: APA's figure note and tool reference, MLA's caption, Chicago's credit line.
Clinical Trial Citation Generator
Cite a clinical trial registration — ClinicalTrials.gov, ISRCTN, EU registers or ANZCTR — in APA 7, AMA 11 and Vancouver, or fill the form from an NCT number.
Classical Work Citation Generator
Cite Homer, Plato, Aristotle, Virgil and other ancient works in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18 — your translation, the original date, and Stephanus, Bekker or book-and-line numbers.
Questionnaire & Scale Citation Generator
Cite a test, scale, inventory or questionnaire the APA 7 way — by its manual, its journal article, its PsycTESTS record or as unpublished — with MLA 9 and Chicago 18 entries.
Indigenous Knowledge Citation Generator
Cite Traditional Knowledge from an Indigenous Elder or Knowledge Keeper with APA 7's personal communication guidance or the MacLeod/NorQuest template, or cite a recorded teaching.
Republished Book Citation Generator
Cite a classic or reprinted book — a modern edition of Austen or Darwin, or a Project Gutenberg ebook — with its original date in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18.
GitHub Citation Generator
Paste a GitHub repository URL and get APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago 18 and BibTeX citations from its CITATION.cff or repository details — with a Zenodo DOI when there is one.
Secondary Source (As Cited In) Generator
Cite a source you read about in another source: APA 7 "as cited in", MLA 9 "qtd. in", Chicago 18 "quoted in" and Harvard "cited in", with the right work in your list.
Figure & Table Citation Generator
Build the number, title and copyright note for a figure or table you reprint or adapt — APA 7 "From" or "Adapted from" notes, MLA 9 captions and Chicago 18 credit lines.
Preprint Citation Generator
Cite a bioRxiv, medRxiv, SSRN, PsyArXiv, OSF Preprints or Research Square preprint in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with the server, posting date and DOI.
TED Talk Citation Generator
Cite a TED or TEDx talk from TED.com or YouTube in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with APA's author rule and time stamps for quotations.
Poster Presentation Citation Generator
Cite a conference poster in APA 7 with [Poster presentation], and in MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with the conference dates, location and poster URL.
Lab Manual Citation Generator
Cite a published lab manual or a department's own handout in APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago 18 and ACS, with the edition, the department and the experiment.
Clinical Practice Guideline Citation Generator
Cite NICE, WHO, AHA/ACC and USPSTF clinical practice guidelines, on the web or in a journal, in APA 7, AMA 11 and Vancouver (NLM) style.
ERIC Document Citation Generator
Cite an ERIC ED document or EJ journal article with its ERIC number in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with the full-text link and the right source name.
Multivolume Work Citation Generator
Cite a whole multivolume set or a single volume in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with volume numbers, year ranges and volume-and-page in-text locators.
Foreword and Introduction Citation Generator
Cite a foreword, introduction, preface or afterword written by someone other than the author in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with the part's pages.
Shakespeare Citation Generator
Cite a Shakespeare play or the sonnets in MLA 9, APA 7 and Chicago 18, with the edition in the reference and act.scene.line in-text citations.
Board Game Citation Generator
Cite a board game, card game or other tabletop game in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago 18, with the designer, publisher, edition and year.
Vital Record Citation Generator
Cite birth, death and marriage certificates and census records in Chicago 18, MLA 9 and APA 7, in the form genealogy and history papers use.
Annual Report Citation Generator
Cite a company annual report or an SEC filing such as a 10-K or 10-Q in APA 7, MLA 9, Chicago 18 and Harvard, with the filing date and link.
OSCOLA Citation Generator
Cite UK cases (neutral citations and law reports), Acts, statutory instruments and Hansard as OSCOLA footnotes, in the 4th or 5th edition, with later footnotes and tables.
AGLC Citation Generator
Cite Australian cases, legislation, journal articles, books and Hansard as AGLC4 footnotes, with later footnotes, ibid and bibliography entries.
McGill Guide Citation Generator
Cite Canadian cases (neutral citations, CanLII, reporters), statutes and regulations as McGill Guide 10th edition footnotes, with supra and ibid.
Citation & Reference Tools
Check, convert, clean, and look up references: citation checkers, BibTeX and RIS converters, DOI and ISBN utilities, and journal abbreviations.
Bibliography Alphabetizer
Alphabetize your bibliography, works cited, or reference list instantly. Supports APA, MLA, and Chicago sorting rules.
DOI Validator & Resolver
Validate and resolve DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers). Check if a DOI is valid and get the full metadata for any academic article.
Et Al. Rules Calculator
Determine when to use et al. in your citations. Get the correct rules for APA 7th, MLA 9th, Chicago, Harvard, and Vancouver.
Citation Checker (APA 7)
Paste your APA 7 reference list to catch likely formatting issues — author order, year, DOI format, sentence case, alphabetical order, and duplicates. Free and unlimited.
Citation Checker (MLA 9)
Paste your MLA 9 Works Cited list to catch likely formatting issues — author inversion, the 'and' connector, Title Case, DOI format, alphabetical order, and duplicates. Free and unlimited.
Reference Extractor
Upload a Word (.docx) or text file — or paste your paper — to extract the reference list, find every in-text citation, collect DOIs, and spot citations missing from the list. Runs entirely in your browser.
Citation Style Converter
Convert a reference list from one citation style to another: match each reference to its Crossref record, confirm it, and get the list in APA, MLA, Chicago and more.
Citation Counter
Count the number of citations and references in your academic paper. Detect parenthetical, narrative, and numbered citation formats across APA, MLA, Chicago, and more.
Citation Checker (Chicago)
Paste your Chicago-style bibliography to catch likely formatting issues — author inversion, punctuation, Title Case, DOI/URL format, alphabetical order, and duplicates. Free and unlimited.
BibTeX Key Generator
Generate clean, consistent BibTeX citation keys from author, year, and title — in common formats like authorYEARfirstword. Paste a reference or enter fields and copy the key.
DOI to BibTeX Converter
Paste a DOI and get a complete BibTeX entry — author, title, journal, volume, year, and pages filled in automatically from Crossref. Copy it straight into your .bib file.
Citation Checker (Harvard)
Paste your Harvard reference list to catch likely formatting issues — author initials, year placement, italics markers, alphabetical order, and duplicates. Free and unlimited.
Author Name Formatter
Convert author names to correct citation formats — APA (Last, F. M.), MLA (Last, First), and Chicago — one name or a whole list at once, with multi-author joining rules applied.
Duplicate Citation Finder
Find duplicate and near-duplicate entries in your reference list — catches the same source cited twice with small formatting differences before your grader does.
PubMed to BibTeX Converter
Turn PMIDs and PMCIDs into BibTeX @article entries — NLM journal abbreviations, full page ranges, DOI, and the PMID as a field, a note or a biblatex eprint.
URL to BibTeX Converter
Paste web addresses and get BibTeX @misc entries with the link in howpublished and an access-date note, or biblatex @online entries with url and urldate.
ISBN Converter
Convert ISBN-10 to ISBN-13 and back, validate both check digits (mod 11 with X, and mod 10 with weights 1 and 3), and see the arithmetic — for one ISBN or a list.
ISBN Barcode Generator
Draw the EAN-13 barcode for an ISBN, with an optional EAN-5 price add-on, the digits below and ISBN 978-… above, and download it as print-ready SVG or PNG.
ISSN Validator
Check the format and mod-11 check digit of one ISSN or a whole list, with the working shown — plus print, online and linking ISSNs (ISSN-L) explained.
Call Number Sorter
Put Library of Congress or Dewey Decimal call numbers into correct shelf order, with each call number's class, Cutter numbers, date and volume labelled.
Journal Abbreviation Finder
Search about 38,000 journals by title, abbreviation or ISSN and get the NLM/MEDLINE and ISO abbreviations, an ISO 4 full-stop form, and print and online ISSNs.
Retraction Checker
Paste DOIs or a whole reference list and check each DOI in Crossref for retractions, expressions of concern, corrections and withdrawals — Retraction Watch data included.
Fake Citation Checker
Check a reference list from ChatGPT or any AI tool: identifiers are resolved and titles searched in Crossref and OpenAlex to flag invented and garbled references.
DOI Link Formatter
Find every DOI in a reference list however it is written and rewrite them all as https://doi.org/ links (APA 7), doi:10… (AMA), doi: 10… (IEEE) or bare DOIs.
RIS File Validator
Check a .ris export record by record — tag lines, TY and ER, unknown tags, missing fields, duplicates and encoding — fix what is safe to fix, and download a clean file.
Citation Style Identifier
Paste references and see which style they follow — APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, IEEE, Vancouver or AMA — with a confidence and the evidence behind each verdict.
BibTeX Cleaner & Validator
Validate and tidy a .bib file: required fields, duplicate keys and DOIs, undefined macros, page dashes, month macros, protected capitals and sorting — with every change listed.
BibTeX to Word Source Manager Converter
Turn BibTeX or RIS into a Sources.xml file for Word's Source Manager, so Word inserts the citations and builds the bibliography itself, in any of its styles.
DOI Finder
Paste a reference list and find each work's DOI on Crossref, with the matched record set beside your reference to accept or reject, then copy the list with DOIs added.
Open Access Finder
Check DOIs against OpenAlex for open-access status — diamond, gold, hybrid, bronze, green or closed — with the best free copy, its version and its licence.
ORCID Publication List Generator
Turn an ORCID record into a formatted publication list for a CV or grant application — APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, Vancouver or IEEE — with .bib and .ris exports.
Citation Checker (IEEE)
Paste an IEEE reference list to catch likely issues — [n] numbering, initials before surnames, et al. after six authors, quoted titles, vol./no./pp., months and the doi: form.
Citation Checker (Vancouver)
Paste a Vancouver (NLM/ICMJE) reference list to catch likely issues — numbering by first citation, Surname AB names, six authors then et al., journal abbreviations and locators.
Citation Checker (AMA)
Paste an AMA 11 reference list to catch likely issues — Surname AB names, three authors then et al., sentence-case titles, Year;Vol(Issue):pages, full page ranges and doi:10.
Numbered Citation Order Checker
Check that numbered citations — [1], (2) or superscripts — follow the order of first citation, find gaps and uncited or missing references, and get the text and list renumbered.
Reference Age Checker
Paste a reference list in any style to read each source's publication year, flag sources older than your cutoff (five years by default), and see the median age and a chart by year.
Creative Commons Attribution Generator
Build a Creative Commons credit in TASL form (title, author, source, licence) for CC BY, CC0 and other licences, as linked text, HTML and plain text for print.
Citation Chaser
Enter seed DOIs and find the works they cite (backward) and the works that cite them (forward) through OpenAlex, then export each list as RIS for screening.
Journal Metrics Lookup
Look up a journal by title or ISSN on OpenAlex: works, citations, h-index, 2-year mean citedness, open-access share, DOAJ and MEDLINE status, and APC. Not the JIF.
MeSH Term Finder
Search NLM's MeSH vocabulary for headings, entry terms, tree numbers and narrower terms, then build a PubMed search string with explode, major-topic and title/abstract options.
EndNote XML Converter
Convert an EndNote XML export to RIS, BibTeX or CSL JSON in your browser, with the field mapping shown and a warning for every record that did not convert cleanly.
NBIB Converter
Convert PubMed .nbib and MEDLINE-format files to RIS, BibTeX or CSL JSON in your browser, with full author names, expanded page ranges, MeSH keywords and retraction warnings.
Paper Formatting
Title pages, headings, tables, hanging indents, and block quotes formatted to APA, MLA, and Chicago rules.
Hanging Indent Formatter
Format your bibliography with proper hanging indents. Copy formatted text for APA, MLA, and Chicago reference lists.
Block Quote Formatter
Format long quotes as block quotations with proper indentation for APA, MLA, and Chicago styles. Know when to use block quotes.
Title Page Generator
Create a correctly formatted APA 7 (student or professional) title page or MLA 9 first-page heading. Live preview plus copy-as-Word-ready HTML.
APA Heading Generator
Turn an outline into APA 7 headings, Levels 1–5 — centered, flush left, indented, bold, italic — in APA title case, with warnings for skipped levels and copy that pastes into Word.
APA Table Generator
Paste spreadsheet data and get an APA 7 table — bold number, italic title, horizontal rules only, decimal-aligned numbers, and general, specific and probability notes — for Word.
Table of Contents Generator
Turn headings and page numbers into a table of contents, list of figures or list of tables, with dot leaders, right-aligned page numbers and roman-numeral front matter.
Essay & Paper Writing
Plan and draft academic writing — thesis statements, outlines, paragraphs, arguments, reports, and reflections — with honest templates, no AI.
Essay Outline Generator
Generate structured essay outlines. Choose from argumentative, expository, compare/contrast, and research paper templates.
Abstract Writing Helper
Structure your research abstract with guided prompts. Follow the IMRaD format with word count tracking for journal submissions.
Thesis Statement Generator
Generate strong thesis statements for argumentative, analytical, and expository essays. Enter your topic and position to get a focused, debatable thesis.
Writing Prompt Generator
Generate creative writing, narrative, persuasive, and journal prompts. Filter by genre and get a fresh idea whenever you're stuck.
Essay Hook Generator
Build a strong opening hook for your essay — question, statistic, quotation, anecdote, or bold statement — with guided templates for your topic.
Essay Title Generator
Generate essay title ideas from your topic — using proven academic patterns for argumentative, analytical, and expository papers. Honest templates, no AI.
Debate Topic Generator
Get debate and persuasive essay topics from a curated bank — filtered by category and difficulty, with both sides worth arguing.
Topic Sentence Generator
Build strong topic sentences from your paragraph's main idea and supporting point — with academic sentence frames you adapt to your essay. Honest templates, no AI.
Conclusion Paragraph Generator
Build a conclusion paragraph from your thesis and main points — restate, synthesize, and close with guided academic frames. Honest templates, no AI.
Introduction Paragraph Generator
Build an introduction paragraph from your hook, context, and thesis — assembled with guided academic frames you refine. Honest templates, no AI.
PEEL Paragraph Planner
Plan body paragraphs with the PEEL structure — Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link. Fill each part and assemble a complete, well-structured paragraph.
Counterargument Generator
Turn your claim, the opposing view, and your evidence into a counterargument-and-rebuttal paragraph — three strategies, three wordings, every sentence labeled.
Claim-Evidence-Reasoning (CER) Generator
Write a claim-evidence-reasoning paragraph for science class from your own claim, data, and principle — three wordings, labeled parts, and a checklist.
Toulmin Argument Generator
Build an argument in Toulmin's model — claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, rebuttal — and see it as a labeled diagram and a written paragraph.
SOAPSTone Analysis Generator
Analyze a speech or essay with SOAPSTone — speaker, occasion, audience, purpose, subject, tone — and turn the notes into rhetorical-analysis thesis frames.
Essay Prompt Analyzer
Paste an assignment prompt to highlight its task words, pull out length, source, style, deadline, and formatting requirements, and get a step-by-step plan.
Academic Sentence Starters
Browse more than 200 academic sentence starters sorted by function — thesis, evidence, comparison, concession, results, conclusion — with search and topic fill-in.
Signal Phrase Generator
Introduce quotations and paraphrases with correctly punctuated signal phrases in APA 7, MLA 9, or Chicago — tense, page, and reporting verb chosen by the source's stance.
Essay Word Count Planner
Split a word or page limit across your essay's sections — five-paragraph, argumentative, IMRaD, literature review, dissertation — with words and sentences per paragraph.
Lab Report Template Generator
Turn your aim, hypothesis, variables, materials, method, and results notes into a lab report skeleton — every IMRaD section, plus a ready-made results table.
Research Proposal Outline Generator
Build a research proposal outline from your problem, questions, gap, methods, ethics, and timeline, with a word budget per section and prompts matched to your approach.
Gibbs Reflective Cycle Generator
Write a reflection in the six stages of Gibbs' Reflective Cycle — description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion, action plan — with guiding questions throughout.
Book Report Template Generator
Turn a book's details, characters, plot, themes, and your opinion into a book report built for elementary, middle, or high school, with an MLA entry for high school.
Case Brief Generator
Brief a court opinion in the classic law-school format or as FIRAC: facts, procedural history, issue, holding, rule, reasoning, disposition, and separate opinions.
Speech Outline Generator
Build a full-sentence speech outline in Roman-numeral format — introduction, main points with sub-points and transitions, conclusion — or use Monroe's Motivated Sequence.
Story Outline Generator
Outline a story beat by beat in three-act structure, the Hero's Journey, the Save the Cat beat sheet, or Freytag's pyramid, with prompts built from your own premise.
Character Profile Generator
Build a character sheet for fiction — basics, appearance, personality, backstory, goal, motivation, fear, flaw, arc, relationships, and voice — with interview questions.
Executive Summary Generator
Build a structured executive summary for a report, business plan or proposal from your problem, findings and recommendation, with a length target for each part.
Case Study Analysis Generator
Build a business case analysis outline: problem, framework prompts, alternatives scored against your criteria, recommendation, implementation, and a word target per section.
Policy Memo Generator
Build a policy memo as a decision or briefing memo: To/From/Date/Re header, summary, options table, recommendation, next steps, and a word target for each section.
Acrostic Poem Generator
Spell a name or word down the page and build an acrostic poem line by line, with hand-written word suggestions for each letter and theme, fully editable, printable.
Poetry Form Templates
Write a sonnet, villanelle, cinquain, diamante, tanka, limerick or haiku on a template that counts syllables and checks rhymes live, line by line.
TPCASTT Poetry Analysis Generator
Work through a poem in seven steps — title, paraphrase, connotation, attitude, shifts, title, theme — and print the notes as a worksheet with thesis starters.
Rhetorical Analysis Essay Outline
Plan an AP Lang-style rhetorical analysis: thesis frames, claim-evidence-commentary body paragraphs, and a planning check against the six-point rubric.
DBQ Outline Generator
Plan an AP History document-based question: contextualization, thesis, grouped documents with sourcing, evidence beyond the documents, and complexity.
LEQ Outline Generator
Plan an AP History long essay around comparison, causation, or continuity and change: thesis frames, evidence by category, and a six-point rubric check.
Quote Sandwich Generator
Build an introduce-cite-explain (ICE) paragraph around a quotation, with MLA 9 or APA 7 citations and an explanation assembled from your own notes.
Theme Statement Generator
Turn a topic and what a text says about it into a universal theme statement, with checks for topics, morals, absolutes, summary, and stock phrases.
Debate Case Builder
Outline a debate constructive: resolution, definitions, framework, claim-warrant-evidence-impact contentions, rebuttal blocks, and a speech-length estimate.
News Article Template
Build a news story in inverted-pyramid order from the five Ws: headline, lede drafts, nut graf, attributed quotes, and background, with form checks.
Formal Letter Template
Format a formal letter in US full block, US modified block, or UK style, with the salutation and sign-off matched, then copy, download, or print it.
UCAS Personal Statement Planner
Plan and count the UCAS personal statement for 2026 entry onwards: three questions, a shared 4,000-character limit, a 350-character minimum per answer, with live meters.
Common App Essay Planner
Plan your Common App personal essay: the seven 2026–2027 prompts, brainstorm questions, a five-part outline with word targets, and a live count against 250–650 words.
Statement of Purpose Outline
Outline a graduate statement of purpose: motivation, research interests, preparation, fit with faculty and goals, each with a word target from your total length.
Scholarship Essay Planner
Break a scholarship prompt into what it asks, match each criterion to a story from your own experience, and outline the essay with word targets that fit the limit.
Recommendation Letter Generator
Structure a recommendation letter from your own observations: how you know the student, specific examples, an honest comparison and a clear endorsement, with FERPA waiver context.
Literature Review Outline Generator
Outline a literature review by theme, time period, or method, with an introduction, body sections with synthesis questions, and a conclusion that returns to the gap.
Discussion Section Generator
Outline the discussion of a research paper: principal findings, comparison with earlier studies, interpretation, implications, limitations, and future research.
Limitations Paragraph Generator
Pick the limitations of your study — sample, design, measures and more — and get a paragraph that states each one, what it can do, how you handled it, and why it matters.
Research Gap Statement Generator
Write a research gap statement and purpose statement for one of seven gap types — evidence, knowledge, practice, method, empirical, theory or population.
Problem Statement Generator
Write a problem statement for a thesis or proposal in the ideal, reality, consequences and proposal pattern, with checks for evidence and for solutions that arrive too early.
Op-Ed Outline Generator
Outline an op-ed with a news hook, a lede, a one-sentence argument, three points with evidence, a 'to be sure' paragraph and a call to action, against a 650–800 word budget.
Kolb Reflective Cycle Generator
Write the four stages of Kolb's experiential learning cycle with guiding questions and word counts, and get a structured reflection with the Kolb (1984) APA reference.
Driscoll Reflective Model Generator
Answer What? So what? Now what? with trigger questions and word counts, and get a structured reflection with the Borton (1970) and Driscoll (2007) APA references.
STAR Method Answer Generator
Write Situation, Task, Action and Result for an interview or application answer, with a word budget per part, speaking time against your target, and checks on "I" versus "we".
Writing Analysis & Editing
Find passive voice, wordiness, hedging, informal language, repetition, and other habits worth revising before you submit.
Grammar Checker
Catch repeated words, a/an errors, punctuation slips, its/it's and then/than mix-ups, and 40+ common misspellings. Rule-based, free, and your text never leaves your browser.
Paraphrase Quality Checker
Compare your paraphrase to the original text. Check if your rewrite is different enough to avoid plagiarism.
Text Diff Checker
Compare two texts side by side and highlight the differences. Find changes between drafts, revisions, and versions of your writing.
Passive Voice Detector
Detect passive voice constructions in your writing. Highlight passive sentences and get suggestions to rewrite them in active voice for stronger academic prose.
Transition Word Finder
Find and analyze transition words in your text. See which transitions you use, identify gaps, and get suggestions for smoother flow between paragraphs and ideas.
Oxford Comma Checker
Check your text for consistent Oxford comma usage. Detect serial commas, find inconsistencies, and ensure your writing follows APA, Chicago, or AP style rules.
Cliché Finder
Find clichés and overused phrases in your writing. Highlight tired expressions like 'at the end of the day' and get fresher alternatives.
Filler Word Finder
Find filler words like 'very', 'really', 'just', and 'basically' that weaken your writing. Highlight them and tighten your prose.
Adverb Finder
Find -ly adverbs in your writing and see where stronger verbs could replace them. Highlight every adverb with density statistics.
Wordiness Checker
Find wordy phrases like 'due to the fact that' and get concise replacements ('because'). Cut your word count without losing meaning.
Capitalization Checker
Check your text for capitalization errors — sentence starts, the pronoun I, days, months, and common proper nouns — and fix them in one click.
Headline Analyzer
Score your headline on length, word balance, emotional and power words, and clarity — with concrete suggestions to improve click-through.
Commonly Confused Words Checker
Highlight commonly confused words in your text — their/there/they're, affect/effect, its/it's, then/than — with the rule for each so you can verify your usage.
Contraction Expander
Expand contractions for formal academic writing — don't becomes do not, it's becomes it is — with ambiguous cases flagged for review.
First-Person Checker
Find first- and second-person pronouns (I, we, my, you) in your academic writing — highlight them and see where more objective phrasing may be expected.
Nominalization Finder
Highlight nominalizations (zombie nouns) such as implementation and analysis, and verb-weakening phrases like make a decision, with the verb to use instead.
Hedging Language Checker
Find hedges (may, suggest, possibly) and boosters (clearly, prove, always) in academic writing, with rates per 1,000 words and the hedge-to-booster balance.
Academic Vocabulary Checker
Highlight the words in your text that are on the New Academic Word List (NAWL) and see your academic vocabulary coverage, word by word.
Word Repetition Checker
Find words you repeat too close together — argue, argues, argued — within a window you set or the same sentence, with each echo highlighted and measured.
Sentence Opener Checker
See how every sentence opens, spot runs of sentences that start with the same word and heavy use of The, This, It, There and I, and vary your openings.
Inclusive Language Checker
Check writing against APA's bias-free language guidance — gendered terms, age, disability and identity labels — with alternatives and the reason for each.
Formal Writing Checker
Find informal words and phrasal verbs in academic writing — a lot of, kids, find out, come up with — with formal alternatives for each.
Quotation Percentage Checker
Find every quotation in an essay, see what share of its words are quoted, and spot quotations long enough to need APA or MLA block formatting.
Text Summarizer
Shorten an article or chapter to its most central sentences with TextRank or word-frequency scoring, see its top keywords, and find each chosen sentence in the source.
Abbreviation & Acronym Checker
Check every abbreviation in a paper against APA's guidance — defined at first use, used consistently, used often enough — and build a sorted List of Abbreviations.
Concordance Tool (KWIC)
Search a text for a word or phrase and see every occurrence lined up in keyword-in-context view, with wildcard search, sorting, collocates, and a CSV export.
British to American Spelling Converter
Convert British spelling to American or back — colour and color, organise and organize, centre and center — with Oxford spelling and every change highlighted.
Comma Splice Checker
Highlight commas that join two complete clauses, with the reason for each flag and a period, semicolon or conjunction fix. A rule-based heuristic, not a grammar parser.
To Be Verb Checker
Highlight am, is, are, was, were, be, been and being by use (linking, passive, progressive, there is, dummy it), with density per sentence and stronger-verb prompts.
Vague Pronoun Finder
Find sentences that open with a bare This or That, broad-reference which, and paragraph-opening it, each with the reason it is unclear and nouns to try instead.
Latin Abbreviation Checker
Check e.g., i.e., etc., cf., viz., vs. and et al. for punctuation, redundancy and APA 7's parentheses-only rule, with the English to use in running text.
Number Style Checker
Check numerals versus words under APA 7 or Chicago 18: sentence-opening numbers, percent and units, ordinals and fractions, with the rule and the replacement for each flag.
Dialogue Punctuation Checker
Check fiction dialogue for commas versus periods with tags, capitals after tags, action beats and where punctuation sits inside quotation marks, with the fix for each.
Sticky Sentence Checker
Find sticky sentences: see the percentage of glue words (the, of, is, that) in every sentence, highlight the glue-heavy ones, and get a glue index for the whole text.
Anthropomorphism Checker
Find studies, papers, theories and tables that think, argue or conclude — APA 7 anthropomorphism — with rewrites that name the researchers or use a literal verb.
Spell Checker
Check spelling online with ranked suggestions, an ignore list and a US or UK spelling option. The word list loads once; your text is never uploaded.
Complex Word Finder
Find long words (3+ syllables) and plain-language list words such as utilize and prior to, with the simpler alternatives the Federal Plain Language Guidelines suggest.
Unmatched Brackets and Quotes Checker
Find unmatched parentheses, brackets, braces and quotation marks in your text, with the line and column of each one and the text around it.
Hyphen and Dash Checker
Check hyphens, en dashes and em dashes against APA 7 and Chicago 18: number ranges, -ly adverbs, compound modifiers and spaced dashes, with one-click fixes.
Haiku Checker
Check a haiku against 5-7-5 or your own pattern: syllables for every line and word from dictionary pronunciations, ambiguous words you can flip, and a seasonal-word note.
Poem Meter Analyzer
Scan a poem from dictionary stress: the dominant foot and line length, a stress mark for every syllable, substitutions named, and a fit score with confidence for each line.
Rhyme Scheme Analyzer
Letter a poem's rhyme scheme (ABAB, AABBA…) from how its line endings sound, telling perfect rhymes from slant rhymes, naming the form and flagging eye rhymes.
Alliteration Finder
Find alliteration by sound, not letter, plus assonance and consonance runs, highlighted in your text with each repeated sound named and listed line by line.
Simile Finder
Find similes built with like and as … as in a poem or passage, with 'I like tea' and 'as soon as' filtered out and listed, each match rated likely or possible.
Counters & Readability
Count words, characters, sentences, and syllables, and measure readability, reading time, and page length.
Word Counter
Count words, characters, sentences, and paragraphs in your text. Get reading time estimates and readability scores instantly.
Readability Score Checker
Check the readability of your writing with Flesch-Kincaid, Gunning Fog, Coleman-Liau, and SMOG readability scores.
Character Counter
Count characters with and without spaces, unique characters, and character frequency. Track character limits for social media, essays, and abstracts.
Sentence Counter
Count sentences in your text. Get average sentence length, longest and shortest sentences, and sentence variety analysis for better writing.
Reading Time Calculator
Estimate how long it takes to read or speak your text aloud. Perfect for blog posts, presentations, speeches, and podcast scripts.
Word Frequency Counter
Analyze word frequency in your text. Find the most common words, identify overused phrases, and improve vocabulary variety in your writing.
Keyword Density Analyzer
Analyze keyword density and word distribution in your text. Find overused words, check keyword frequency percentages, and optimize content for SEO and readability.
Paragraph Counter
Count paragraphs in your text and see words and sentences per paragraph. Find overly long or short paragraphs to improve structure and flow.
Syllable Counter
Count syllables in words, lines, and full text. Check haiku structure, meter in poetry, and syllable-based readability instantly.
Words Per Page Calculator
Convert a word count to pages, or pages to words — for any font, size, and spacing. Know exactly how long your 1,000-word essay will be.
Letter Frequency Counter
Count how often each letter appears in your text. See letter frequency as counts and percentages — useful for cryptography, linguistics, and word games.
Vowel & Consonant Counter
Count vowels and consonants in your text. See totals, percentages, and a per-vowel breakdown instantly.
Line Counter
Count lines in your text — total lines, non-empty lines, and blank lines. Perfect for code, lists, poetry, and data files.
Lexical Diversity Calculator
Measure the vocabulary variety of your writing with type-token ratio (TTR) and root TTR — see unique word counts and how repetitive your text is.
Phrase Frequency Counter
Find your most repeated two- and three-word phrases. Spot overused expressions and repetitive patterns that single-word counters miss.
Academic Word Counter
Count the words that usually count toward an essay limit: leave out the reference list, in-text citations, headings, quotations, or numeric citations, rule by rule.
LaTeX Word Counter
Count words in .tex source with TeXcount's rules: text, headers and captions counted separately, commands and math left out, with a section breakdown and the counted words highlighted.
Vocabulary & Word Finders
Find synonyms, antonyms, rhymes, and the word on the tip of your tongue — plus anagram, pattern, and word-game helpers.
Acronym Generator
Generate acronyms and abbreviations from any phrase or set of words. Perfect for project names, organization names, and academic terminology.
Scrabble Score Calculator
Calculate the Scrabble score of any word — with per-letter values shown and optional double/triple letter and word multipliers.
Synonym Finder
Find synonyms and similar words for any English word, grouped into nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, with a short definition beside each result.
Antonym Finder
Find the opposite of any English word from WordNet, with parts of speech and definitions — and prefixed forms and related words when no true antonym exists.
Rhyme Finder
Find perfect rhymes grouped by syllable count, plus near rhymes and sound-alikes, with filters for phrases, rare words, and names — for poems, lyrics, and mnemonics.
Reverse Dictionary
Describe a concept in your own words and find the word you mean, with definitions, an optional topic hint, and a first-letter filter for tip-of-the-tongue moments.
Describing Words Finder
See the adjectives most often used with any noun, or the nouns an adjective most often describes, ranked by how often writers pair them in Google Books.
Word Pattern Finder
Find every word matching a wildcard pattern such as c?t or *ology, or a mix of starts-with, ends-with, contains, and length filters, sorted by how common it is.
Anagram Solver
Unscramble up to 15 letters into every word they spell — full anagrams first, then shorter words grouped by length — with ? for blank tiles, using the ENABLE word list.
Wordle Solver
Enter your Wordle guesses with their green, yellow and gray tiles to list every word that still fits, ranked by letter frequency or by how well each guess splits the list.
Spelling Bee Solver
Enter the center letter and six outer letters to list every valid word of four or more letters, with points, pangrams highlighted, and a spoiler-free hint grid.
Letter Boxed Solver
Enter the letters on each side of the box to list every valid word and the one-, two- and three-word chains that use every letter, or continue from a word of your own.
Boggle Solver
Enter a 4x4 or 5x5 letter grid to find every word that can be traced through touching cells, with its path shown, official scoring and the Qu cube counted as two letters.
Word Ladder Solver
Enter two words of the same length to find the shortest word ladder between them, one letter at a time, with every other shortest route counted and words you can rule out.
Palindrome Checker
Check any word, number or sentence for palindromes, ignoring spaces, punctuation, capitals and accents as you choose, or scan a text for palindromic words and sentences.
Word Combiner
Blend two words or names into portmanteaus, ranked by shared letters, length and sound, with blends that are already real words marked.
Spoonerism Generator
Swap the opening sounds of words in any phrase to make spoonerisms, using real pronunciations, with results that are real words ranked first.
Homophone Finder
Find every word that sounds exactly like another — their, there, they're; read, red, reed — matched on CMU pronunciations, with a definition for each.
Greek and Latin Roots Finder
Search Greek and Latin roots, prefixes and suffixes by spelling, meaning or example word, or break any word into its parts.
Idiom Finder
Search over 300 common English idioms by keyword, meaning or theme, with a plain-English meaning and an example sentence for each.
Collocation Finder
Find the words that naturally go before or after a word, such as verb and noun pairs, ranked by how often they occur together in published English.
Vocabulary Profiler
Profile a text by NGSL frequency band and the New Academic Word List: coverage percentage for each band and a list of the off-list words.
Research & Publishing
Search strategies, source evaluation, research design, ethics forms, journal statements, and the paperwork of getting published.
Research Question Generator
Generate focused research questions from your topic. Get questions suitable for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research across any academic discipline.
Hypothesis Generator
Build testable research hypotheses from your variables — if/then, directional, and null formats — with guided frames for science fairs and research methods.
Survey Question Generator
Build survey questions from templates — Likert scales, multiple choice, demographics, and open-ended formats — with wording tips that avoid bias.
Likert Scale Analyzer
Paste survey responses for each Likert item's median, mode, mean, SD and % agree, a diverging stacked bar chart, and composite scores with reverse-coded items.
Reverse Scoring Calculator
Reverse-code Likert and rating-scale items with (min + max) − score: convert one value, see the full conversion table, or reverse chosen columns of pasted data.
Content Validity Index (CVI) Calculator
Paste expert relevance ratings for each item's I-CVI and modified kappa, the scale's S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA, and Lynn's minimum I-CVI for your panel size.
Item Analysis Calculator
Score multiple-choice answers against a key for each item's difficulty, discrimination index, corrected point-biserial and distractor analysis, plus KR-20.
Stratified Sample Size Calculator
Split a total sample across strata by proportional, equal or Neyman (optimal) allocation, with exact whole-number sizes, sampling fractions and design weights.
Random Assignment Generator
Assign participants to conditions by simple, permuted-block or stratified block randomization, drawn from a recorded seed so the list can be reproduced and audited.
Latin Square Counterbalancing Generator
Build a balanced Latin square (Williams design) or a cyclic square for any number of conditions, check carryover balance, and assign participants to orders.
Decision Matrix Calculator
Score options against weighted criteria to rank them, with the margin of victory and a sensitivity check that shows how far any one weight can move before the winner changes.
PRISMA Flow Diagram Generator
Enter your search and screening counts and get the PRISMA 2020 flow diagram for a new systematic review, with the other-methods column and checks that the numbers add up.
CRediT Author Statement Generator
Tick the 14 CRediT contributor roles (ANSI/NISO Z39.104-2022) for each author — with optional lead, equal or supporting — and copy the statement by author or by role.
Data Availability Statement Generator
Draft data and code availability statements for open, restricted, on-request or no data — with DOIs formatted and placeholders for missing repository details.
Conflict of Interest Statement Generator
Record each author's funding, employment, consulting fees, stock, patents or personal relationships and copy a competing interests statement in Nature or Elsevier wording.
Funding Statement Generator
Turn funders, grant numbers and award recipients into a funding statement in Elsevier's pattern or PLOS's narrative format, with a funder-role sentence.
Ethics Approval Statement Generator
Write ethics approval and informed consent statements for human, animal or exempt studies — committee, reference number, date, consent type, Helsinki and ARRIVE.
Plain Language Summary Generator
Draft a lay summary from four guided prompts — problem, methods, findings, importance — and check its length, Flesch–Kincaid grade, sentence length and jargon.
Research Highlights Checker
Check research highlights against Elsevier (3–5) or Cell Press (3–4) rules of 85 characters each, with characters left per bullet and citation and abbreviation warnings.
Author & Affiliation Formatter
Format a manuscript's author line with superscript affiliation numbers, equal-contribution and corresponding-author marks and ORCID iDs — as rich text, plain text, HTML or LaTeX.
Email to Professor Generator
Draft a polite email to a professor about an extension, absence, question, meeting, recommendation, grade, or research role, with subject lines and the right title.
Journal Cover Letter Generator
Write a journal submission cover letter from your findings and the journal's scope, with the standard declarations and optional suggested or excluded reviewers.
Response to Reviewers Generator
Paste peer-review comments, split them into numbered points by reviewer, choose a stance for each, and get a point-by-point response letter with a summary of changes.
Thesis Acknowledgements Generator
Thank supervisors, examiners, funders, participants, colleagues, and family in the conventional order, formal or warm, with three phrasings and an optional dedication.
Academic Bio Generator
Turn your position, research interests, and achievements into conference, journal, profile-page, and social media bios of about 50, 100, or 150 words.
Informed Consent Form Generator
Draft a research consent form that covers every basic element of the U.S. Common Rule (45 CFR 46.116), with key information first and a signature block.
Debriefing Form Generator
Write a participant debriefing statement: the study's true purpose, any deception and why it was needed, how to withdraw data, support services, and contacts.
Interview Guide Generator
Build a structured or semi-structured interview guide: introduction script, consent reminder, warm-up, main questions with probes and follow-ups, and a closing.
Data Management Plan Generator
Draft a data management plan once and lay it out as a generic DCC-style plan, NSF's Research.gov DMSP sections, a classic two-page plan, or the Horizon Europe template.
PICO Question Generator
Turn Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome (plus Time or Study design) into clinical questions for therapy, diagnosis, prognosis, harm, prevention and meaning.
Boolean Search String Builder
Turn concepts and their synonyms into a correctly bracketed Boolean search, with ready-to-paste versions for Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Web of Science and Scopus.
CRAAP Test Evaluator
Rate a source on Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy and Purpose with guided questions, get scores out of 10 and 50 with a verdict, and print the worksheet.
Literature Review Matrix Generator
Build a literature review synthesis matrix in your browser: sources as rows, your own columns, theme tags, sorting and filtering, with CSV, Markdown and Word-ready export.
H-Index Calculator
Calculate the h-index, g-index, i10-index, total and mean citations and the m-quotient from per-paper citation counts, with the h-core listed and a chart of the h line.
Impact Factor Calculator
Reproduce the Journal Impact Factor, the five-year JIF and Scopus CiteScore from citation and item counts, with every step of the arithmetic shown.
PRISMA 2020 Checklist
The full 27-item PRISMA 2020 checklist for systematic reviews, plus the 12-item abstract checklist, with a field for where each item is reported. Print it or copy it as a table.
SIFT Method Worksheet
A guided, printable worksheet for Mike Caulfield's SIFT method: Stop, Investigate the source, Find better coverage, and Trace claims, quotes and media to the original context.
Abstract Screening Tool
Load RIS, CSV, .nbib or EndNote XML records and screen titles and abstracts as include, maybe or exclude with keyboard shortcuts, exclusion reasons and highlight words, then export.
SPIDER Question Generator
Frame a qualitative, scoping or service-evaluation question with SPIDER, SPICE, PEO, PCC or ECLIPSE: a draft question, an element list and a Boolean search string.
Academic CV Generator
Build an academic CV from standard sections: education, appointments, publications you type in, grants, teaching and talks, newest first, as Word-compatible HTML, Markdown or LaTeX.
Academic Job Cover Letter Generator
Draft a faculty or postdoc cover letter from your own research, teaching and fit, in US or UK convention, with a page estimate against the usual one-to-two-page range.
Teaching Philosophy Statement Generator
Write a teaching philosophy statement in five guided paragraphs: your central belief, methods, evidence, assessment and growth, with a one-to-two-page length target.
Research Statement Outline
Outline a research statement for a faculty application: overview, past, current and future work, impact, funding plans and people, with a word target for each section.
Specific Aims Page Generator
Draft an NIH-style one-page Specific Aims structure — hook, gap, objective, aims, payoff — from your own sentences, with a page-length word meter and a checklist.
Three Minute Thesis Planner
Plan a Three Minute Thesis script in five beats with a speaking-time meter at your pace, word targets for each beat, and a checklist for the single slide.
Research Poster Size Calculator
Exact A0–A3 and US poster dimensions, font sizes for your viewing distance, a word budget, and the design size and print enlargement for PowerPoint.
Peer Review Report Generator
Structure a journal referee report: summary, strengths, numbered major and minor comments, recommendation, and confidential notes to the editor, with checks for consistency.
Grant Budget Calculator
Build a multi-year research grant budget: personnel with fringe, equipment, travel and subawards, indirect costs on MTDC or TDC at your rate, and salary escalation.
Survey Response Rate Calculator
Calculate AAPOR response rates RR1–RR6 plus cooperation, refusal and contact rates from final disposition counts, with each formula, an estimate of e, and a reporting sentence.
Delphi Consensus Calculator
Paste each Delphi round's panel ratings for the median, IQR and percent agreement per item, tested against consensus rules you choose, with change across rounds.
Survey Length Estimator
Estimate questionnaire completion time from question counts by type and reading load, for typical and slower respondents, with every timing assumption adjustable.
Participant ID Generator
Generate unique, random, non-identifying participant codes with a prefix and an optional Luhn or Damm check digit, check typed IDs, and download a CSV key file.
Codebook Generator
Turn variable names, labels, types, value labels and missing codes into a codebook table plus SPSS and R syntax, with Markdown and CSV export and SPSS limit checks.
Text Anonymizer
Replace names, emails, phone numbers, dates and places in a transcript with consistent pseudonyms, and download the key file separately. Runs in your browser.
Qualitative Coding Tool
Highlight passages in interview transcripts, apply nested codes, see code counts and excerpts by code, and export CSV or Markdown. Saved only in your browser.
Statistics Calculators
Hypothesis tests, distributions, critical-value tables, reliability, effect sizes, and descriptive statistics — with the working shown.
Descriptive Statistics Calculator
Calculate mean, median, mode, range, variance, and standard deviation from your data. Paste numbers and get every descriptive statistic for your methods section.
Z-Score Calculator
Calculate z-scores from a value, mean, and standard deviation — or from a dataset — with the formula worked through and percentile lookup.
Sample Size Calculator
Calculate the sample size you need for a survey — from population, confidence level, and margin of error, with the formula explained.
Margin of Error Calculator
Calculate the margin of error for a survey or poll — from sample size, confidence level, and proportion, with the formula worked through.
Correlation Calculator
Calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between two variables — paste paired data and get r, r², and an interpretation of the strength.
Permutation & Combination Calculator
Calculate permutations (nPr) and combinations (nCr) — with the factorial formulas worked through and an explanation of when order matters.
Probability Calculator
Calculate the probability of single and multiple independent events — AND, OR, and complement (NOT) — with the formulas worked through.
T-Test Calculator
Run one-sample, independent (Welch or Student), and paired t-tests — t, df, exact p-values, confidence interval, and Cohen's d, with every step shown.
Chi-Square Test Calculator
Run a chi-square test of independence on an r × c table or a goodness-of-fit test — expected counts, χ², df, p-value, Cramér's V, and the working.
One-Way ANOVA Calculator
Compare the means of 2–10 groups — ANOVA table, F, exact p, η² and ω², Levene's test, Welch's ANOVA, and Bonferroni pairwise comparisons, with the working.
Two-Way ANOVA Calculator
Test two factors and their interaction — Type III sums of squares for unbalanced designs, F and p for each effect, partial η², cell means, and an interaction plot.
Mann-Whitney U Test Calculator
Compare two independent samples by ranks — U, an exact p-value for small samples or a tie-corrected normal approximation, z, effect size r, and rank-biserial correlation.
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test Calculator
Run the Wilcoxon signed-rank test on paired data or differences — T⁺, T⁻, exact or tie-corrected p-value, z, effect size r, and a table of signed ranks.
Kruskal-Wallis Test Calculator
Compare 2–10 independent groups by ranks — tie-corrected H, df, p-value, ε², mean ranks, and Dunn's post hoc comparisons with a Bonferroni adjustment.
Fisher's Exact Test Calculator
Run Fisher's exact test on a 2 × 2 table — exact two-sided and one-sided p-values, sample and conditional odds ratios with an exact CI, and every possible table.
McNemar Test Calculator
Test whether a yes/no proportion changed between two paired measurements — exact binomial and chi-square McNemar p-values, the paired odds ratio, and an exact CI.
Proportion Z-Test Calculator
Test one proportion against a value or compare two independent proportions — z, p-values, Wilson and Newcombe confidence intervals, Cohen's h, and the working.
Shapiro-Wilk Normality Test Calculator
Test a sample of 3–5,000 values for normality — Shapiro-Wilk W and p-value by Royston's AS R94 algorithm, skewness, excess kurtosis, and a normal Q–Q plot.
P-Value Calculator
Find the exact p-value for a z, t, chi-square, F, or Pearson r statistic — left-, right-, or two-tailed — with an APA-formatted result and the tail area drawn.
Confidence Interval Calculator
Confidence intervals for a mean (t or z), a proportion (Wald, Wilson score, Clopper–Pearson exact), or a difference in means (Welch), at any confidence level.
Statistical Power & Sample Size Calculator
Find the sample size or the power for independent and paired t-tests (exact noncentral t) and for two proportions (Cohen's h), with a power curve.
Normal Distribution Calculator
Probabilities below, above, between or outside values of any normal distribution, and the inverse normal (x from a probability), with z-scores and a shaded bell curve.
Binomial Distribution Calculator
Exact binomial probabilities for n trials with success probability p: P(X = k), at most, at least, fewer, more and between, plus the mean, variance, table and chart.
Poisson Distribution Calculator
Poisson probabilities from an average rate scaled to your interval: exactly k, at most, at least or between, with the mean, variance, a table and a bar chart.
Hypergeometric Distribution Calculator
Probabilities for k successes drawn without replacement from a population of N with K successes — cards, inspections, lotteries — with a table, chart and binomial comparison.
Sampling Distribution Calculator
Standard error and probabilities for a sample mean (central limit theorem) or a sample proportion, with the CLT and success–failure conditions checked.
Z-Table (Standard Normal Table)
A printable standard normal table for z from −3.49 to 3.49 — cumulative, right-tail or mean-to-z areas — with lookups from z to area and from area to z.
T-Table (Student's t Distribution)
A printable table of Student's t critical values for one- and two-tailed tests, df 1–30 to ∞, with an exact lookup for any df (fractional too) and any α.
Chi-Square Distribution Table
A printable table of chi-square critical values for df 1–100 at ten significance levels, with an exact lookup for any df and α in the right tail, left tail or both.
F-Distribution Table
A printable table of F critical values at α = .10, .05, .025 and .01 for numerator and denominator df from 1 to ∞, with an exact lookup and lower critical values.
Quartile & IQR Calculator
Find Q1, the median, Q3, the interquartile range and Tukey's outlier fences by the TI-84, Excel QUARTILE.INC or QUARTILE.EXC method, with a box plot and the working.
Percentile Calculator
Find the value at any percentile by nearest rank or Excel's PERCENTILE.INC and .EXC interpolation, or the percentile rank of a score three ways, with the working.
Frequency Distribution Table Calculator
Build grouped, ungrouped or category frequency tables with class limits, boundaries, midpoints, relative and cumulative frequency — Sturges' rule shown, CSV and Markdown copy.
Standard Error Calculator
Find the standard error of a mean (from the SD and n or raw data), a proportion, or the difference between two means or two proportions — pooled and unpooled, with the working.
Covariance Calculator
Calculate the sample and population covariance of paired data with a table of deviations and products, what the sign means, and Pearson's r for scale-free strength.
Mean Absolute Deviation Calculator
Find the mean absolute deviation around the mean or the median with a full deviation table, plus the median absolute deviation (raw and × 1.4826) kept clearly separate.
Geometric Mean Calculator
Find the geometric mean of positive values or the true average growth rate from percentage changes, with the log method shown and the harmonic mean as a companion.
Coefficient of Variation Calculator
Calculate the coefficient of variation (SD ÷ mean) as a percentage for one dataset or two side by side, with sample or population SD and warnings for non-ratio data.
Spearman Rank Correlation Calculator
Compute Spearman's rank correlation (rho) with average ranks for ties, a full rank table, a t-test p-value, a strength rating and Pearson's r for comparison.
Linear Regression Calculator
Fit a least-squares line ŷ = a + bx: slope, intercept, r, R², standard errors, t-tests, 95% CIs, ANOVA, residuals, a scatter plot and predictions with intervals.
Effect Size Calculator
Compute Cohen's d, Hedges' g, Glass's delta, paired d (d_z, d_av), d from t, eta squared and partial eta squared from F, and r–d–odds ratio conversions, each with its formula.
Bayes' Theorem Calculator
Find P(A|B) from the prior, P(B|A) and the false-positive rate (or from P(B)), with Bayes' formula worked through and a natural-frequency table out of 10,000 people.
Expected Value Calculator
Find the expected value, variance and standard deviation of a discrete distribution from probabilities (decimals, % or fractions) or frequencies, with a sum-to-1 check.
Cronbach's Alpha Calculator
Paste item scores from a spreadsheet to get Cronbach's alpha with a Feldt 95% CI, standardized alpha, corrected item–total correlations, and alpha if item deleted.
Cohen's Kappa Calculator
Measure agreement between two raters from a k × k table or two columns of labels: kappa with its standard error and 95% CI, plus linear and quadratic weighted kappa.
Fleiss' Kappa Calculator
Agreement among three or more raters: paste a subjects × categories table of counts or raw ratings to get Fleiss' kappa, per-category kappa, and a z test.
Odds Ratio & Relative Risk Calculator
From a 2 × 2 table, calculate the odds ratio, relative risk, and risk difference with 95% confidence intervals, plus the number needed to treat or harm.
Sensitivity & Specificity Calculator
Enter true and false positives and negatives to get sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, likelihood ratios, and more, each with a 95% confidence interval.
Incidence & Prevalence Calculator
Calculate cumulative incidence, incidence rates per person-time, and point or period prevalence, with exact or Wilson 95% CIs per 100 to 100,000.
Meta-Analysis Calculator
Pool study results with fixed-effect and DerSimonian–Laird random-effects models: pooled estimate, 95% CI, Q, I², τ², and a downloadable forest plot.
Friedman Test Calculator
Compare k related samples by ranks — tie-corrected Friedman χ², exact p-value, Kendall's W, rank sums, and Nemenyi and Conover post hoc tests with the ranks shown.
Repeated Measures ANOVA Calculator
One-way within-subjects ANOVA — F, exact p, Mauchly's sphericity test, Greenhouse–Geisser and Huynh–Feldt corrections, partial η², and paired follow-ups, with the working shown.
Tukey HSD Calculator
Tukey–Kramer post hoc comparisons after a one-way ANOVA — adjusted p-values from the studentized range, simultaneous confidence intervals, critical q, and group letters.
Sign Test Calculator
Paired or one-sample sign test — counts of positive and negative differences, exact binomial p-value, and a distribution-free confidence interval for the median.
Runs Test Calculator
Wald–Wolfowitz runs test for randomness — runs, expected runs, z, and an exact p-value for small samples or a normal approximation, for numbers or two categories.
Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test Calculator
One-sample KS test against a normal, uniform or exponential distribution, or two-sample KS — D, exact p-value, Lilliefors caveat, and a downloadable ECDF plot.
Binomial Test Calculator
Exact binomial test of an observed proportion against p₀ — one- and two-sided p-values, Clopper–Pearson and Wilson intervals, Cohen's h, and the full null distribution.
Z-Test Calculator
One- and two-sample z-tests for means with known σ, from summary statistics or raw data — z, p-value, confidence interval, Cohen's d, and the working shown.
Cochran's Q Test Calculator
Compare k related yes/no outcomes with Cochran's Q — Q, p-value, Kendall's W, success rates, and pairwise McNemar tests with Holm and Bonferroni adjustments.
Kendall's Tau Calculator
Kendall's τ-a and τ-b from paired data — concordant and discordant pair counts, tie handling, and an exact or tie-corrected normal p-value, matching R.
Partial Correlation Calculator
Partial and semipartial correlation controlling for one or more variables — paste a spreadsheet, get r, t, p, a confidence interval and an added-variable plot.
Correlation Matrix Calculator
Pearson or Spearman correlation matrix for many variables — p-values, n for every pair, a shaded heatmap and a copy-ready APA table.
Correlation Comparison Calculator
Fisher z for correlations: a confidence interval for r, tests for two independent correlations, Steiger's test for dependent ones, and a pooled r across studies.
Multiple Regression Calculator
Multiple linear regression from a pasted spreadsheet — coefficients, standard errors, t, p, R², adjusted R², F, VIF, residual plots and predictions.
Logistic Regression Calculator
Binary logistic regression from a pasted spreadsheet — odds ratios with CIs, likelihood-ratio test, pseudo-R², AUC and ROC curve, with honest separation warnings and Firth's option.
Curve Fitting Calculator
Fit polynomial (degree 2–6), exponential, logarithmic and power curves, compare R², RMSE and AICc, see the plot and residuals, and predict new values.
Moving Average Calculator
Simple, weighted and exponential moving averages, trailing or centred — with a chart, a copyable table, the next-period forecast and error measures to choose a window.
Intraclass Correlation Calculator
Paste subjects × raters and get ICC(1,1), ICC(2,1), ICC(3,1) and the average-measure forms, with McGraw–Wong names, F-based CIs and Koo–Li labels.
Krippendorff's Alpha Calculator
Krippendorff's alpha for any number of coders with missing ratings: nominal, ordinal, interval and ratio, plus the coincidence matrix and a bootstrap CI.
Bland–Altman Plot Maker
Bias and 95% limits of agreement with confidence intervals from paired measurements, a proportional-bias check, ratio and percent scales, and a plot download.
ROC Curve Calculator
Draw an ROC curve from scores and true classes: AUC with a DeLong 95% CI, the best cut-off by Youden's J, and sensitivity and specificity at any cut-off.
Kaplan–Meier Survival Calculator
Kaplan–Meier survival curve and table from times and events, with censoring, Greenwood CIs, median survival, number at risk and a log-rank test for groups.
Post-Test Probability Calculator
Turn a pre-test probability and a likelihood ratio, or sensitivity and specificity, into a post-test probability, with a Fagan nomogram and chained tests.
Standardized Mortality Ratio Calculator
Indirect standardization: expected deaths from age-group person-years and reference rates, then the SMR with an exact Poisson confidence interval and test.
Age-Adjusted Rate Calculator
Direct age standardization to the US 2000, WHO 2000–2025 or ESP 2013 standard population, or your own, with a Fay–Feuer confidence interval and the crude rate.
IV Drip Rate Calculator
Nursing-math practice: mL/h and drops per minute from volume, time and drop factor, with the formula and unit cancellation shown. Coursework only, not clinical.
Dosage Calculation Calculator
Nursing-math practice: desired ÷ have × quantity, weight-based mg/kg doses and unit conversions, with the formulas and units shown. Coursework only, not clinical.
Outlier Calculator
Find outliers with Tukey's IQR fences, z-scores, the modified z-score, Grubbs' test and Dixon's Q side by side, with critical values and the working shown.
Skewness and Kurtosis Calculator
Skewness and excess kurtosis as SPSS, Excel and Minitab compute them (G1/G2, g1/g2, b1/b2), with standard errors, z-tests, confidence intervals and a histogram.
Grouped Data Calculator
Mean, median, mode, quartiles, variance and standard deviation of grouped data from class intervals and frequencies, with the textbook formulas worked out.
Standard Score Converter
Convert between z-scores, T-scores, IQ, NCE, scaled scores, stanines, stens and percentile ranks, with a normal curve and every formula shown.
Empirical Rule Calculator
68-95-99.7 intervals for any mean and standard deviation, with a shaded bell curve, the exact normal shares, Chebyshev's bound and a check against your data.
Crosstab Generator
Turn two categorical columns into a crosstab with counts, row, column and total percentages, plus a copy-ready APA 7 table.
Multiple Comparisons Correction Calculator
Adjust p-values for multiple testing with Bonferroni, Šidák, Holm, Hochberg, Hommel and Benjamini–Hochberg, matching R's p.adjust, with a rank plot.
Bootstrap Confidence Interval Calculator
Percentile and BCa bootstrap confidence intervals for a mean, median, standard deviation or correlation, with a recorded seed so every run repeats exactly.
Exponential Distribution Calculator
Exponential distribution from a rate or a mean: density, P(X ≤ x), survival P(X > x), ranges, percentiles and the memoryless property, with the curve drawn.
Uniform Distribution Calculator
Continuous U(a, b) and discrete uniform probabilities: P(X ≤ x), tails, ranges, percentiles, mean and variance, with the working shown and a chart drawn.
Geometric Distribution Calculator
Geometric probabilities under both conventions, trials until the first success or failures before it, with R's dgeom conversion, a table and a chart.
Negative Binomial Distribution Calculator
Negative binomial probabilities for the r-th success under both parameterizations, trials or failures, with R's dnbinom conversion, a table and a chart.
Central Limit Theorem Simulator
Draw seeded samples from skewed, uniform, bimodal or yes/no populations and watch the sampling distribution of the mean turn normal, with theory against your run.
APA Statistics Formatter
Format t, F, chi-square, r, z, p values, confidence intervals and effect sizes in APA 7 style: italic symbols, no leading zero on p and r, and p < .001.
Statistical Test Selector
Answer questions about your goal, data type, groups and design to find the right statistical test, with the reasoning shown and links to each calculator.
Math Calculators
Arithmetic, fractions, ratios, algebra, geometry, trigonometry, matrices, and calculus — with every step shown.
Percentage Calculator
Calculate percentages three ways: X% of Y, what percent X is of Y, and percent change between two numbers — with the working shown.
Weighted Average Calculator
Calculate a weighted average from values and weights — with the working shown step by step. For grades, statistics, and finance.
Ratio Calculator
Simplify ratios, find equivalent ratios, and solve proportions (A:B = C:x) — with the working shown step by step.
Fraction Calculator
Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions with the steps shown — plus simplify fractions and convert between fractions and decimals.
Significant Figures Calculator
Count significant figures with the reason for every digit, round to any number of sig figs without float errors, and add, subtract, multiply or divide by the rules.
GCF & LCM Calculator
Find the greatest common factor and least common multiple of two or more whole numbers — Euclid's algorithm step by step beside the prime factorization method.
Prime Factorization Calculator
Factor any whole number up to 10^20 into primes — exponent form, a factor tree, the division ladder, a prime check and the full list of divisors.
Quadratic Equation Solver
Solve ax² + bx + c = 0 exactly — discriminant, rational, radical or complex roots, vertex, factored form and a graph, worked by the formula and by completing the square.
Slope Calculator
Find the slope between two points as an exact fraction and a decimal, with the angle, distance, midpoint, three forms of the line's equation and a graph.
Long Division Calculator
Long division with every step shown: remainder or decimal answers, repeating decimals detected, bracket or inline layout, and a check of the result.
Long Multiplication Calculator
Column multiplication with every carry and partial product shown, decimals and negatives handled, placeholder zeros or shifted rows, and an estimate to check.
Exponent Calculator
Exact powers with whole, negative, decimal and fractional exponents — any size of whole-number result, the working shown, and the exponent laws checked on your numbers.
Square Root Calculator
Square roots and nth roots to any precision with exact digits, simplest radical form, a perfect-power check, bounds between perfect squares and Heron's method.
Logarithm Calculator
Logarithms to any base, natural log, antilogarithms and solving b^x = y — exact fractions where they exist and change-of-base working for every other answer.
Factorial Calculator
Exact n! up to 10,000 with every digit, plus double factorial, digit count, trailing zeros and Stirling's approximation with its error. Decimals via the gamma function.
Modulo Calculator
a mod n under the truncated, floored and Euclidean conventions for negatives, modular addition, multiplication and powers, and mod n tables — exact for decimals too.
Rounding Calculator
Round to any decimal place or multiple with ten rules — half up, banker's half even, floor, ceiling, truncate — on exact decimal digits, with every rule compared.
Expanded Form Calculator
Write whole numbers and decimals in expanded form, expanded notation, powers of ten and words, with a place-value chart — or type an expanded form to find the number.
Order of Operations Calculator
Evaluate any expression step by step with PEMDAS or BODMAS — each reduction shown, exact fractions throughout, and the ambiguous cases like 8 ÷ 2(2 + 2) explained.
Scientific Calculator
Full scientific calculator in your browser: trig in degrees, radians or gradians, logs, powers, roots, factorials, memory, history and keyboard input.
Prime Number Checker
Test any number up to 200 digits for primality with Miller–Rabin, see the working, find the previous and next prime, and list every prime in a range.
Modular Inverse Calculator
Find the inverse of a number modulo n with the extended Euclidean algorithm table, or solve a system of congruences with the Chinese remainder theorem.
Number Properties Calculator
Enter a whole number to see if it is even, prime, square, triangular, Fibonacci or a palindrome, and whether it is perfect, abundant or deficient.
Fibonacci Calculator
Find any Fibonacci number exactly up to F(100000), list a run of terms, check Binet's formula and watch the ratio of terms converge to the golden ratio.
Number Sequence Solver
Find a rule for a list of numbers and the next terms: arithmetic, geometric, polynomial (with a difference table) or Fibonacci-style, with exact fractions.
Arithmetic Sequence Calculator
Find the nth term and the sum of the first n terms of an arithmetic sequence, work out a₁ and d from two known terms, or find which term equals a value.
Geometric Sequence Calculator
Find the nth term, the sum of the first n terms and the infinite sum (when |r| < 1) of a geometric sequence, or recover a₁ and r from two known terms.
Summation Calculator
Evaluate a sum in sigma notation over any range: exact closed forms for polynomial and geometric terms, infinite geometric series, and a term table.
Pascal's Triangle Generator
Generate Pascal's triangle up to 100 rows with exact big integers, highlight odd numbers, multiples or diagonals, and print or copy the result.
Binomial Expansion Calculator
Expand (a + b)ⁿ with exact coefficients, see the general term, find the kth term or the coefficient of a given power, and check it term by term.
Linear Equation Solver
Solve one-variable linear equations with brackets, fractions and decimals — exact answers, every algebra step shown, a check, and a graph.
System of Equations Solver
Solve 2×2 and 3×3 linear systems by elimination or Cramer's rule, with exact fractions, a check, and no-solution and infinite cases explained.
Inequality Solver
Solve linear, double and compound inequalities with every step, the sign flip highlighted, interval notation, and a number-line graph.
Polynomial Calculator
Add, subtract, multiply and long-divide polynomials, evaluate at a value, and find roots — exact coefficients and every step shown.
Factoring Calculator
Factor polynomials with steps: GCF, trinomials by the AC method, difference of squares, sum and difference of cubes, grouping and rational roots.
Exponential Growth Calculator
Solve discrete and continuous exponential growth or decay for amount, rate or time, with doubling time, half-life and the rule of 72 and 70 compared.
Complex Number Calculator
Add, subtract, multiply and divide complex numbers exactly, with modulus, argument, polar and exponential form, De Moivre powers and nth roots.
Set Calculator
Union, intersection, difference, symmetric difference, complement, Cartesian product, power set and cardinality of two sets, with a Venn diagram.
Truth Table Generator
Truth table for any propositional formula with sub-formula columns, tautology or contradiction check, minterms, canonical CNF and DNF.
Karnaugh Map Solver
Minimal SOP and POS for 2 to 4 variables from minterms, a truth table or a formula, with K-maps, drawn groups and Quine–McCluskey with Petrick's method.
Matrix Calculator
Add, subtract, multiply, transpose, invert and row-reduce matrices with exact fractions — determinant, rank, trace and powers, with every row operation shown.
Eigenvalue Calculator
Find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a 2×2 to 6×6 matrix: exact radicals and complex values when the polynomial allows, numeric QR beyond, with the characteristic polynomial.
Vector Calculator
Magnitude, unit vector, sum, dot and cross product, angle between vectors and projection in 2D or 3D, exact in radicals — plus magnitude-and-direction to components.
Pythagorean Theorem Calculator
Find the missing side of a right triangle from a² + b² = c² in exact simplest radical form, check Pythagorean triples and test whether three sides make a right triangle.
Triangle Solver
Solve any triangle from SSS, SAS, ASA, AAS or SSA — including the ambiguous case with both triangles — with the laws of sines and cosines, area, perimeter and a to-scale diagram.
Distance and Midpoint Calculator
Find the distance and midpoint between two points in 2D or 3D in exact radical form, the section formula for any ratio, and the missing endpoint from a midpoint.
Polar Coordinates Converter
Convert between rectangular and polar coordinates with correct quadrant handling, and between rectangular, cylindrical and spherical coordinates in 3D, exact where possible, with a plot.
Geometric Transformation Calculator
Translate, reflect, rotate and dilate points or polygons, chain several steps, and see each 3×3 matrix and a before-and-after plot — exact for standard angles.
Area Calculator
Area of a square, rectangle, triangle (incl. Heron's formula), parallelogram, trapezoid, rhombus, polygon, ellipse, ring or sector — exact, with a figure and unit conversion.
Volume Calculator
Volume of a cube, box, prism, cylinder, cone, sphere, pyramid, frustum or ellipsoid — exact in terms of π, with the working, a labeled figure and liter and gallon conversion.
Surface Area Calculator
Lateral and total surface area of a cube, box, prism, cylinder, cone, sphere, hemisphere, pyramid or frustum — exact in terms of π, with the net, the working and a labeled figure.
Circle Calculator
Find a circle's radius, diameter, circumference and area from any one of them — exact in terms of π — plus arc length, sector, chord and segment area for any central angle.
Polygon Angle Calculator
Interior and exterior angle sums, each angle of a regular polygon in degrees and radians, the number of sides from an angle, and a missing angle of any polygon, with a figure.
Unit Circle Chart
Interactive, printable unit circle: degrees, radians and exact sine, cosine and tangent for every standard angle, with all six trig values at any angle you click.
Trigonometry Calculator
Sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant and cotangent of any angle in degrees or radians — exact for special angles — with reference angle, quadrant and the inverse functions.
Angle Converter
Convert angles between degrees, radians, gradians, turns, arcminutes, arcseconds and degrees-minutes-seconds — radians as exact π fractions — with a labeled circle figure.
Derivative Calculator
Differentiate any function symbolically, with the rule named at every step — power, product, quotient, chain — plus higher orders, the value at a point and a graph.
Tangent Line Calculator
Find the tangent and normal line to y = f(x) at a point, exactly where the algebra allows, in point-slope, slope-intercept and standard form, with a graph and a linear approximation.
Taylor Series Calculator
Build the Taylor or Maclaurin polynomial of any function to degree 12 about any point, with exact coefficients, the Lagrange error bound and graphs of the approximation and its error.
Definite Integral Calculator
Evaluate a definite integral numerically with an error estimate, the total and net area, a shaded graph, and clear warnings for singularities, divergence and infinite limits.
Riemann Sum Calculator
Approximate an integral with left, right, midpoint, trapezoid or Simpson's rule, with the sample table, the error against the exact value and the rectangles drawn on a graph.
Newton's Method Calculator
Find roots of f(x) = 0 with Newton's method, the secant method or bisection, with the full iteration table, convergence order, failure diagnosis and a graph of every step.
Euler's Method Calculator
Approximate dy/dx = f(x, y) with Euler's method, improved Euler (Heun) or Runge–Kutta 4: a step table with slopes, error against the exact solution, step halving and a slope-field plot.
Average Rate of Change Calculator
Find the average rate of change of a function or a table of data over an interval, with the secant line, units interpretation, the limit toward the derivative and the Mean Value Theorem point.
Linear Interpolation Calculator
Interpolate or extrapolate between two points, within a table of values, or bilinearly on a grid, with the working shown, the inverse (x for a given y) and a graph.
Science & Lab Calculators
Chemistry, physics, biology, earth-science, and astronomy calculators, plus the lab arithmetic of errors, dilutions, and concentrations.
Percent Error Calculator
Find the percent error between a measured and an accepted value, or the percent difference between two trials — with the working and a lab-report sentence.
Uncertainty Propagation Calculator
Propagate measurement uncertainty through sums, products, powers or any formula you type, with each input's contribution, the working and a correctly rounded result.
Molar Mass Calculator
Molar mass of any chemical formula — nested brackets, hydrates and ions — from IUPAC atomic weights, with a table by element and the working shown.
Grams to Moles Converter
Convert between grams, moles and number of particles from a formula or molar mass, using the Avogadro constant, with the factor-label working shown.
Percent Composition Calculator
Mass percent of each element in any formula, grams of each in a sample, or the percent of each component in a mixture, with bars and the working shown.
Empirical Formula Calculator
Find an empirical formula from percent composition, masses or combustion data, then the molecular formula from a molar mass, with every step shown.
Molarity Calculator
Solve molarity, mass of solute, volume or molar mass from the other three, with unit choices, the working, and a recipe for making the solution.
Dilution Calculator
Solve C1V1 = C2V2 for stock volume, stock or final concentration, or final volume, with unit conversion, the diluent to add and a recipe.
Percent Solution Calculator
Work out how much solute makes a % w/v, % w/w or % v/v solution, or the percent of one you have, and convert it to molarity.
PPM Calculator
Convert ppm, ppb and ppt to mg/L, µg/L, percent and molarity for dilute aqueous solutions, with the density assumption stated and the working shown.
Dimensional Analysis Calculator
Chain conversion factors with the factor-label method: units cancel visibly, the answer's units are checked, and the result is rounded to sig figs.
Density Calculator
Solve density, mass or volume from the other two with unit conversion, compare with reference densities, and check whether an object sinks or floats.
Chemical Equation Balancer
Balance any chemical equation, ionic and redox included, with the smallest whole-number coefficients, an atom and charge check, and the matrix working shown.
Stoichiometry Calculator
Balance a reaction and turn one known mass, amount or gas volume into the moles, grams and litres of every other species, with the mole-ratio working.
Limiting Reactant Calculator
Find the limiting reagent, the theoretical yield of each product and the excess left over from the mass, moles or gas volume of each reactant.
Percent Yield Calculator
Percent yield from actual and theoretical yield, or from your reactants through the limiting reactant, with the working and notes on why yields fall short.
Titration Calculator
Find an unknown concentration from a titration endpoint or the equivalence volume, or plot the pH curve of a strong or weak acid or base with indicators.
ICE Table Calculator
Build Initial-Change-Equilibrium tables, solve for x exactly from K, or find K from equilibrium concentrations, with the 5% check and every step shown.
pH Calculator
Convert pH, pOH, [H+] and [OH-], or find the pH of a strong or weak acid or base at 25 °C, with the quadratic, the 5% rule and every step shown.
Henderson–Hasselbalch Calculator
Buffer pH from pKa and the acid:base ratio, the ratio for a target pH, and grams to weigh out for a recipe, with an exact check on the approximation.
Oxidation Number Calculator
Assign oxidation numbers in any formula or ion by the standard rules, with the rule used for each element and flags for peroxides, hydrides and averages.
Electron Configuration Calculator
Full and noble-gas electron configurations for any element or ion, with an orbital diagram, unpaired electrons and the Cr and Cu exceptions from NIST data.
Ideal Gas Law Calculator
Solve PV = nRT for pressure, volume, moles or temperature in any unit, with the exact gas constant, the working shown and molar volumes at STP and SATP.
Combined Gas Law Calculator
Solve P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 for any variable, or switch to Boyle's, Charles's, Gay-Lussac's or Avogadro's law, with unit choices and the working shown.
Specific Heat Calculator
Solve q = mcΔT for heat, mass, specific heat or temperature, find a calorimetry mixture's final temperature, and add latent heat for melting and boiling.
Gibbs Free Energy Calculator
Solve ΔG = ΔH − TΔS for any term, see spontaneity and the crossover temperature on a graph, and convert ΔG° to and from the equilibrium constant K.
Nernst Equation Calculator
Find cell potential from E°, n, Q and temperature, build E°cell and the balanced reaction from a table of reduction potentials, and convert E to ΔG = −nFE.
Beer–Lambert Law Calculator
Solve A = εlc for absorbance, concentration, path length or molar absorption coefficient, and convert absorbance to percent transmittance, with the working.
Arrhenius Equation Calculator
Solve k = Ae^(−Ea/RT) for k, A, Ea or T, find activation energy from two temperatures, estimate the rate change per 10 °C, and fit an Arrhenius plot.
Colligative Properties Calculator
Calculate boiling-point elevation, freezing-point depression, osmotic pressure and molar mass from ΔT with the van 't Hoff factor and cited solvent constants.
Interactive Periodic Table
All 118 elements with IUPAC atomic weight, group, period, block, Pauling electronegativity, electron configuration and discovery year — searchable and colour-coded.
VSEPR Geometry Finder
Enter bonded atoms and lone pairs, or AXE notation, to get the electron geometry, molecular shape, bond angles, hybridization and polarity, with a rotatable 3-D model.
Half-Life Calculator
Solve N = N₀(½)^(t/T½) for the remaining amount, initial amount, elapsed time or half-life, with the decay constant, mean lifetime, working and a decay table.
Radiocarbon Dating Calculator
Convert pMC, F14C or a 14C/12C ratio into a conventional radiocarbon age on the Libby (5,568 y) and Cambridge (5,730 y) half-lives, with uncertainty. Uncalibrated.
Bond Enthalpy Calculator
Estimate ΔH of a gas-phase reaction from average bond energies (bonds broken minus bonds formed), with a 68-bond table, the working and why it differs from ΔHf results.
Enthalpy of Reaction Calculator
Find ΔH°rxn = ΣΔHf°(products) − ΣΔHf°(reactants) from a table of CRC enthalpies of formation, get the heat for a given amount, or combine reactions with Hess's law.
Solubility Rules Checker
Check whether an ionic compound is soluble, predict the precipitate when two solutions mix, get net ionic equations, and find molar solubility from Ksp.
Kinematics Calculator
Solve constant-acceleration motion: give any three of s, u, v, a and t and get the other two, with the SUVAT equation shown and a velocity-time graph.
Projectile Motion Calculator
Solve ideal projectile motion: range, maximum height, time of flight and impact speed from launch speed, angle and height, with a to-scale trajectory plot.
Speed Distance Time Calculator
Solve speed = distance ÷ time for any unknown with unit conversion, and find the true average speed of a trip with several legs, with the working shown.
Force Calculator
Solve F = ma, weight W = mg and friction f = μN for any unknown, or add several forces at angles for the net force, acceleration and a free-body diagram.
Inclined Plane Calculator
Forces on a ramp: weight components, normal force, static and kinetic friction, whether a block slides and its acceleration, with the working and a diagram.
Kinetic Energy Calculator
Solve KE = ½mv² for energy, mass or speed, or ½Iω² for a spinning object, with unit conversion, the energy in other units and the working shown.
Potential Energy Calculator
Solve gravitational PE = mgh and spring energy ½kx² for any unknown, and use energy conservation to find speed after a fall or a spring release.
Work and Power Calculator
Solve work W = Fd cos θ, power P = W/t = Fv and efficiency for any unknown, with unit conversion, horsepower and watt equivalents, and the working.
Momentum Calculator
Solve p = mv, impulse FΔt = Δp, and head-on elastic or inelastic collisions for final velocities, momentum and kinetic energy before and after.
Centripetal Force Calculator
Solve centripetal force Fc = mv²/r or mω²r for any unknown, with centripetal acceleration, period and frequency, and convert rpm, rad/s and period.
Torque Calculator
Solve torque τ = rF sin θ for any unknown, find net torque and balance of levers and seesaws, and get moment of inertia and angular acceleration.
Gravitational Force Calculator
Newton's law of universal gravitation solved for force, either mass or distance, plus g at any altitude, with planet presets and the working shown.
Orbital Velocity Calculator
Circular orbital speed, period (Kepler's third law) and escape velocity around the Sun, a planet or any mass, from an altitude, radius, speed or period.
Pendulum Period Calculator
Solve T = 2π√(L/g) for period, length or g, with the large-angle correction for wide swings, planet gravities and the working shown.
Hooke's Law Calculator
Solve F = kx for force, spring constant or extension, combine springs in series or parallel, and find the energy and period of a mass on a spring.
Pressure Calculator
Pressure from force and area (P = F/A) and from depth in a fluid (P = ρgh), with gauge and absolute pressure, fluid and planet presets, and the working shown.
Buoyancy Calculator
Archimedes' principle: buoyant force, fraction submerged, apparent weight underwater, and whether an object floats or sinks in any fluid on any planet.
Coulomb's Law Calculator
Force between point charges from F = kq₁q₂/r², the net force and electric field from several charges, and the field and potential of one charge.
Carnot Efficiency Calculator
Maximum heat-engine efficiency 1 − Tc/Th, refrigerator and heat-pump COP, and a second-law check of an engine's heat flows, in K, °C or °F.
Time Dilation Calculator
Lorentz factor, time dilation and length contraction at any fraction of c, the speed from a time ratio, and a twin-paradox round trip to a star.
E = mc² Calculator
Energy from mass and mass from energy with E = mc², in joules, kWh, eV or TNT, plus the total and kinetic energy of a particle moving at any speed.
Ohm's Law Calculator
Enter any two of voltage, current, resistance and power to get the other two — with the formula used, the I–V graph and all twelve power-wheel equations.
Resistor Color Code Calculator
Decode 4-, 5- and 6-band resistors, find the bands for any resistance, or round a value to the nearest E-series standard — with a drawing of the resistor.
Series and Parallel Resistor Calculator
Equivalent resistance of resistors in series, in parallel or nested together, with a schematic, the working, per-resistor voltage and current, and voltage and current dividers.
Capacitor Calculator
Series and parallel capacitance, charge and energy from any two of C, V, Q and E, and the RC time constant with a charging and discharging curve — with the working shown.
Wave Speed Calculator
Solve v = fλ for wave speed, frequency, wavelength or period, find the speed of a wave on a string, and the speed of sound at any air temperature — with the working shown.
Wavelength, Frequency & Photon Energy Calculator
Convert between wavelength, frequency, photon energy (J, eV, kJ/mol) and wavenumber with exact c and h, and see which band of the electromagnetic spectrum it falls in.
Doppler Effect Calculator
Frequency heard from a moving sound source or listener, the source's speed from a pitch shift, and relativistic light Doppler shift and redshift z — with sign conventions stated.
Snell's Law Calculator
Find the refraction angle, solve n₁ sin θ₁ = n₂ sin θ₂ for any term, get the critical angle and total internal reflection, with a ray diagram and a table of refractive indices.
Thin Lens Equation Calculator
Solve 1/f = 1/dₒ + 1/dᵢ for a lens or mirror: image distance, focal length or object distance, magnification, image nature and a ray diagram — with the sign convention stated.
Decibel Calculator
Convert sound intensity, pressure and decibels, add or subtract sound levels, find the level at a distance, and convert power and voltage ratios, dBm and dBV.
Photoelectric Effect Calculator
Maximum kinetic energy, stopping potential, threshold frequency and electron speed from KEmax = hf − φ, with work functions of 19 metals and a Millikan experiment fit for h.
De Broglie Wavelength Calculator
Matter-wave wavelength λ = h/p for an electron, proton, neutron or any mass, from speed, kinetic energy, momentum or voltage, exact relativistic and classical.
Punnett Square Calculator
Build monohybrid, dihybrid and trihybrid Punnett squares, including X- and Z-linked genes, with genotype and phenotype ratios under three dominance options.
Hardy–Weinberg Calculator
Solve p, q, p², 2pq and q² from any one known value, or test observed genotype counts for equilibrium with chi-square, an exact test and the inbreeding coefficient.
DNA to Protein Translator
Transcribe and translate DNA or RNA with the standard genetic code: six reading frames, ORF finding, one- and three-letter output, and FASTA input.
Reverse Complement Generator
Reverse, complement or reverse-complement DNA and RNA with IUPAC ambiguity codes, case preserved, FASTA records in and out, and a paired-strand view.
GC Content Calculator
Measure GC percentage, base counts, GC skew, codon-position GC and CpG ratio of DNA or RNA, with FASTA input and a downloadable sliding-window plot.
Primer Tm Calculator
Primer melting temperature by SantaLucia 1998 nearest-neighbour, salt-adjusted GC and Wallace methods, with Mg and dNTP correction and a primer pair check.
Restriction Site Finder
Find recognition sites and cut positions of NEB restriction enzymes in a DNA sequence, list unique cutters, and get fragment sizes and a map for any digest.
Sequence Alignment Tool
Align two DNA, RNA or protein sequences globally (Needleman–Wunsch) or locally (Smith–Waterman) with BLOSUM or PAM scoring, affine gaps and percent identity.
Protein Molecular Weight Calculator
Average and monoisotopic mass, formula, composition, 280 nm extinction coefficient (Pace) and estimated pI of a protein or peptide from its amino acid sequence.
DNA Concentration Calculator
Turn A260 readings into ng/µL for dsDNA, ssDNA, RNA or oligos, check A260/280 and 260/230 purity, and convert between ng and pmol.
Ligation Calculator
Insert mass for a vector:insert molar ratio from the two lengths and the vector amount, with fmol amounts and a ready-to-pipette ligation recipe.
PCR Master Mix Calculator
Per-reaction and master mix volumes for any number of PCR reactions from stock and final concentrations, with overage, water and NEB Taq and Q5 starting recipes.
Serial Dilution Calculator
Plan a dilution series from the fold, number of tubes and tube volume, with transfer and diluent volumes, concentrations, and CFU/mL back-calculated from plate counts.
Centrifuge RPM to RCF Calculator
Convert centrifuge RPM to RCF (× g) and back from the rotor radius, with the 1.118 × 10⁻⁵ formula worked through and a table of common speeds.
Hemocytometer Cell Count Calculator
Cells/mL from hemocytometer square counts with dilution and trypan blue, viability percent, total cells and counting error, from the Neubauer-improved chamber geometry.
Cell Seeding Calculator
How much cell suspension to seed per well, dish or flask for a target cells/cm² or cells per well, with a vendor growth-area table and a seeding-mix recipe.
Cell Doubling Time Calculator
Doubling time, growth rate and number of generations from two cell counts and the time between them, plus projected counts and time to a target.
Standard Curve Calculator
Fit a standard curve, straight-line or four-parameter logistic, to your standards, read unknown samples from it, and see R², recovery and a plot.
Microscope Magnification Calculator
Total magnification, field of view, and the actual size of a specimen from a drawing, a photo or a scale bar, with the working shown.
Logistic Growth Calculator
Find the population at any time under logistic growth with a carrying capacity, the growth rate dN/dt, the time to reach a size, and the inflection at K/2, with a curve.
Mark and Recapture Calculator
Estimate a population from a mark-recapture study with the Lincoln–Petersen and Chapman estimators, a standard error, confidence intervals and the assumptions.
Simpson's Diversity Index Calculator
Work out Simpson's D, 1 − D and 1/D from species counts, in both the n(n − 1) finite-sample form and the Σp² form, and see which one your textbook means.
Shannon Diversity Index Calculator
Calculate the Shannon index H′ in nats, bits or hartleys from species counts, with Pielou's evenness J′, the effective number of species and a standard error.
Q10 Calculator
Calculate the Q10 temperature coefficient from rates at two temperatures, predict the rate at a new temperature, or find the temperature for a target rate.
Earthquake Magnitude Calculator
Compare earthquake magnitudes by amplitude and energy (×31.6 per unit), convert seismic moment to Mw, or find Richter local magnitude from amplitude and distance.
Dew Point Calculator
Find the dew point and frost point from air temperature and relative humidity with the Magnus formula (Alduchov and Eskridge 1996), in °C, °F or K, with the working.
Relative Humidity Calculator
Calculate relative humidity from air temperature and dew point, or from dry-bulb and wet-bulb psychrometer readings, with vapor pressure, dew point and the working shown.
Heat Index Calculator
Calculate the NWS heat index (feels-like temperature) from air temperature and relative humidity with the Rothfusz regression and its adjustments, plus the risk category.
Wind Chill Calculator
Calculate wind chill from air temperature and wind speed with the 2001 NWS and Meteorological Service of Canada formula, with its valid range and frostbite time bands.
Latitude Longitude Distance Calculator
Distance between two latitude and longitude points by haversine (sphere) and Vincenty (WGS84), with initial and final bearing, midpoint and every unit, plus the working.
GPS Coordinate Converter
Convert GPS coordinates between decimal degrees, degrees-minutes-seconds, degrees-decimal-minutes and UTM on WGS84, both ways, with the zone, band and validation.
Map Scale Calculator
Convert map distance to real distance and back at any scale, find the representative fraction from two distances, and turn 1:50,000 into a verbal scale.
Sun Angle Calculator
Find the Sun's elevation and azimuth for any place and time, plus sunrise, solar noon, sunset and the Sun's path through the day, using NOAA's algorithm.
Day Length Calculator
See sunrise, sunset and hours of daylight for any latitude and date, how much each day gains or loses, and a chart of daylight through the whole year.
Moon Phase Calculator
Find the Moon's phase, illumination and age for any date and time, the exact times of the next new and full moons, and a month calendar of phases.
Weight on Other Planets Calculator
See what you would weigh on the Moon, Mars, Jupiter and every other planet, plus Pluto and the Sun, from NASA's surface gravity data, with jump height.
Age on Other Planets Calculator
Find your age in Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and other planetary years from your birth date, with whole birthdays so far and the date of your next one.
Light-Year Converter
Convert light-years, astronomical units, parsecs, kilometres and miles, with light-travel time and how long a trip would take at a speed you choose.
Stellar Parallax Calculator
Turn a star's parallax angle in arcseconds or milliarcseconds into its distance in parsecs and light-years, with error range, or find the parallax from a distance.
Absolute Magnitude Calculator
Solve the distance modulus m − M = 5 log₁₀(d/10 pc) for absolute magnitude, apparent magnitude or distance, with extinction, luminosity and brightness ratios.
Hubble's Law Calculator
Use v = H₀d to get recession velocity, distance or redshift, compare the Planck and SH0ES values of the Hubble constant, and see the Hubble time and distance.
Charts & Diagrams
Turn data and ideas into bar graphs, scatter plots, histograms, Venn diagrams, timelines, and mind maps you can download.
Bar Graph Maker
Make a bar graph from labeled data — vertical or horizontal, one series or several, grouped or stacked — and download it as SVG or PNG, with an APA-style option.
Line Graph Maker
Plot one or more series as a line graph over categories or numeric x values — straight segments, optional markers, gaps for missing values — and download SVG or PNG.
Pie Chart Maker
Make a pie or donut chart with percentage or value labels, combine small slices into “Other”, and get a warning when your numbers are not parts of one whole.
Scatter Plot Maker
Plot x, y pairs as a scatter plot, color points by group, add a least-squares trend line with its equation and r², and set axis ranges that need not start at zero.
Histogram Maker
Turn raw numbers into a histogram with bins from Sturges, Scott or Freedman–Diaconis, or your own width — with the bin edges, the frequency table and the working shown.
Box Plot Maker
Draw box-and-whisker plots for one or more groups with Tukey whiskers and outliers, a choice of quartile method, and the five-number summary of every group.
Stem-and-Leaf Plot Generator
Build a stem-and-leaf plot with a key — split stems, back to back for two data sets, decimals and negative numbers — as copyable text and a downloadable image.
Dot Plot Maker
Make a dot plot or line plot for a small data set — whole numbers, decimals or fractions — with stacked dots or X marks, optional bins, and the count at every value.
Venn Diagram Maker
Make a two- or three-circle Venn diagram from region items, set members or counts — every label inside its region, an optional universal set, and the set arithmetic shown.
Word Cloud Generator
Turn text into a word cloud: stopwords removed from an editable list, linear or square-root sizing, a reproducible layout, and every word's count as a CSV table.
Timeline Maker
Build a horizontal or vertical timeline from dated events — years, months or full dates, BCE included — spaced to scale or evenly, with periods drawn as bands.
Mind Map Maker
Type an indented outline and get a mind map — branches on both sides, a left-to-right tree or rings around the center — with no ideas overlapping and a color per branch.
Gantt Chart Maker
Plan a project as a Gantt chart: tasks with dates or durations, phases, milestones, dependency arrows and progress, by day, week or month — with CSV import and export.
Phylogenetic Tree Maker
Draw a phylogenetic tree from Newick text as a rectangular phylogram or cladogram, with branch lengths, support values and aligned tip labels, and download it as SVG or PNG.
Pedigree Chart Maker
Draw a genetics pedigree from a text outline with standard NSGC symbols for affected, carrier and deceased individuals, numbered generations and a key. Download SVG or PNG.
Climate Graph Maker
Make a climate graph from monthly temperature and precipitation: a temperature line on the left axis, precipitation bars on the right, in °C or °F and mm or inches, as SVG or PNG.
Population Pyramid Maker
Draw an age-sex population pyramid from counts or percentages with five-year cohorts, compare two populations as an outline, and get dependency ratios and median age.
Graphing Calculator
Plot up to six functions y = f(x) with zoom and pan, zeros, intersections and turning points marked, a table of values, and PNG or SVG download.
Probability Tree Diagram Maker
Multi-stage probability trees from typed branches, repeated stages or bag draws, with exact branch and outcome probabilities, an event sum and SVG or PNG export.
Risk of Bias Plot Generator
Paste RoB 2 or ROBINS-I judgements and draw a robvis-style traffic-light plot or a weighted or unweighted summary bar plot, then download it as SVG or PNG.
Color Blindness Simulator
Upload a figure or slide and preview protanopia, deuteranopia, tritanopia and achromatopsia side by side, using the Machado et al. (2009) model, in your browser.
Radar Chart Maker
Make a radar (spider) chart from pasted data — one or several series on shared or per-axis scales, with value labels, APA figure style and SVG or PNG download.
Heatmap Maker
Turn a table of numbers into a color heatmap with colorblind-safe sequential or diverging palettes, value labels in each cell, and SVG or PNG download.
Pareto Chart Maker
Make a Pareto chart from categories and counts — sorted bars, a cumulative percent line on a right axis, an 80% reference line and an Other group.
Flowchart Maker
Type steps and arrows as plain text and get a flowchart with ISO 5807 symbols, labelled Yes/No branches and loops, laid out automatically. Download SVG or PNG.
Concept Map Maker
Type concepts and linking phrases as A -causes-> B and get a concept map with cross-links marked and an automatic layout. Download SVG or PNG.
Fishbone Diagram Maker
Type an effect, its categories and causes as an indented outline and get an Ishikawa fishbone diagram that never overlaps. 6 Ms, 8 Ps and 4 Ss suggestions. SVG or PNG.
Org Chart Maker
Type an indented list of names and titles and get an organizational chart with a clean top-down layout, a hanging-column option for big teams, and SVG or PNG download.
Argument Map Maker
Type a claim with its reasons, objections and rebuttals as an indented outline and get a box-and-arrow argument map with numbered boxes. Download SVG or PNG.
Sankey Diagram Maker
Type flows as Source -> Target: value and get a Sankey diagram with ribbons exactly proportional to the amounts, ordered columns and no overlaps. SVG or PNG download.
Ogive Maker
Draw an ogive (cumulative frequency graph) from raw data or a class table, with Q1, the median and Q3 read off the curve and the working shown. SVG or PNG download.
Error Bar Chart Maker
Plot group means with SD, SE or confidence interval error bars as columns or dots, from summary statistics or raw values, with an APA figure note. SVG or PNG.
Forest Plot Maker
Draw a forest plot straight from study estimates and confidence intervals, with a log scale for ratios, square size by weight and an optional summary diamond. SVG or PNG.
Economics, Business & Finance
Elasticity, supply and demand, GDP and inflation, interest and loans, accounting ratios, and business-analysis templates for coursework.
SWOT Analysis Generator
List strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to get a printable 2×2 SWOT grid and TOWS questions that pair your top items into SO, WO, ST, and WT strategies.
Price Elasticity of Demand Calculator
Price elasticity of demand by the midpoint method, with point elasticity, the total revenue test, and income and cross-price elasticity — every step shown.
Supply and Demand Calculator
Find the equilibrium of linear supply and demand curves, then see consumer and producer surplus, tax or subsidy incidence and deadweight loss on a graph.
Cost Curves Calculator
Turn output and total cost into FC, VC, AFC, AVC, ATC and MC, with a cost-curve graph and the break-even and shutdown prices for a competitive firm.
Comparative Advantage Calculator
Find opportunity costs from output or time tables, see who has the comparative advantage, the terms-of-trade range, and each producer's PPF with trade.
Nash Equilibrium Calculator
Find pure-strategy Nash equilibria from a payoff matrix by best response, check dominant strategies, and get the mixed equilibrium of a 2×2 game.
Herfindahl–Hirschman Index Calculator
Calculate HHI and CR4 from market shares or sales, then test a merger against the 2023 US Merger Guidelines thresholds with the change in HHI.
Gini Coefficient Calculator
Calculate the Gini coefficient from incomes or grouped shares such as quintiles, with the working, a small-sample variant and a Lorenz curve plot.
Multiplier Calculator
Find the spending, tax and balanced-budget multipliers from the MPC or MPS, the change in income from a policy, and the money multiplier from a reserve ratio.
Real GDP Calculator
Convert nominal GDP to real GDP with the GDP deflator, or find the deflator from both, with real growth, inflation and real GDP per person period by period.
Price Index Calculator
Build a CPI-style price index from a basket of goods: Laspeyres, Paasche and Fisher indexes, each good's contribution, and inflation between two index values.
Inflation Calculator
Find what US dollars from any year since 1913 are worth in another year, with cumulative and average annual inflation from official BLS CPI-U annual averages.
Unemployment Rate Calculator
Find the unemployment rate (U-3), labor force participation rate and employment-population ratio from counts, using BLS definitions, and compare two periods.
CAGR Calculator
Find the compound annual growth rate between two values and a number of years, project a value forward at a rate, or solve for the time to reach a target.
Compound Interest Calculator
Future value of a balance with any compounding frequency and regular deposits — interest earned, effective annual rate, a year-by-year table and a growth chart.
Simple Interest Calculator
Solve I = Prt for interest, principal, rate or time in years, months or days, with the working shown and a simple vs compound comparison.
Present Value Calculator
Present value of a lump sum, an ordinary annuity or annuity due, and a perpetuity (optionally growing), with the formula worked out and a discount factor table.
NPV and IRR Calculator
Net present value, every internal rate of return, profitability index and simple and discounted payback from a list of cash flows, with an NPV profile chart.
APR to APY Converter
Convert a nominal annual rate (APR) to an effective annual rate (APY) and back for any compounding frequency, including continuous, with the working and a frequency table.
Loan Payment Calculator
Payment, total interest and a full amortization schedule for a fixed-rate loan, with extra payments, any payment frequency and a currency selector.
Student Loan Repayment Calculator
Several loans on level, longer-term and graduated schedules by formula, plus avalanche vs snowball payoff with extra payments. No plan-eligibility claims.
Student Budget Calculator
Monthly income against spending for students, a 50/30/20 comparison and the funding gap for a term once tuition and aid are counted, in any currency.
ROI Calculator
Net profit, ROI and annualized ROI for one investment, or a ranked comparison of several, with income, fees and a currency selector.
Break-Even Calculator
Break-even units and revenue, contribution margin, volume for a target profit and margin of safety, with a revenue-versus-cost chart.
Markup and Margin Calculator
Convert between markup and margin, find a selling price from cost, or find cost and profit from a price — with the formulas, a working and a reference table.
Depreciation Calculator
Depreciation schedules by straight-line, declining balance, double-declining, sum-of-the-years'-digits and units of production — matching Excel's SLN, DB, DDB and SYD.
Financial Ratio Calculator
Liquidity, solvency, efficiency, profitability and market ratios from balance sheet and income statement figures — formulas shown, average or ending balances.
Bond Yield Calculator
Bond price from yield or yield to maturity from price, with accrued interest, current yield, Macaulay and modified duration — matching Excel's PRICE, YIELD and DURATION.
CAPM Calculator
Expected return from the risk-free rate, beta and market return with the security market line — or estimate beta by regressing your asset's returns on the market's.
WACC Calculator
Weighted average cost of capital from equity, debt and preferred stock, with the after-tax cost of debt and a cost of equity you can enter or calculate with CAPM.
Critical Path Calculator
Critical path method with forward and backward pass tables, slack and the critical path highlighted, plus PERT three-point estimates, variance and completion probability.
PESTLE Analysis Generator
Build a PESTLE or PEST grid from your political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors, with a rating table, so-what questions and sources.
Porter's Five Forces Generator
Rate Porter's five forces from 1 to 5 with a checklist of determinants, then download the shaded diagram and copy a written analysis with an overall reading.
BCG Matrix Maker
Plot products on a BCG growth-share matrix from revenue, market growth and relative market share, with bubble sizes, adjustable cut-offs and SVG or PNG download.
Business Model Canvas Generator
Fill the nine blocks of the Business Model Canvas and get a printable canvas with Strategyzer's credit and licence, plus SVG, PNG and text downloads.
Business Plan Outline Generator
Build a business plan outline for a class or competition: traditional or pitch-style sections, prompts to answer in each, and a word target per section.
GPA & Grade Calculators
GPA, course grades, final-exam targets, grading scales, curves, and international grade conversions.
GPA Calculator
Calculate your GPA on the 4.0 scale from letter grades and credit hours. Add courses, see your semester and cumulative GPA instantly.
Weighted Grade Calculator
Calculate your current course grade from weighted categories — homework, quizzes, exams, and projects. See exactly where you stand.
Final Grade Calculator
Find out what score you need on your final exam to reach your target course grade. Enter your current grade, target, and the final's weight.
Test Average Calculator
Average your test and quiz scores — see your mean score, letter grade, and what you need on the next test to raise your average.
High School GPA Calculator
Calculate your high school GPA — weighted (AP, IB, Honors on a 5.0 scale) and unweighted (4.0) side by side, from letter grades and credits.
Cumulative GPA Calculator
Combine multiple semesters into your cumulative GPA — enter each term's GPA and credits, see the running total, and project what next term does to it.
GPA to Percentage Converter
Convert GPA to percentage and percentage to GPA — on the 4.0 and 10-point scales, with common conversion tables and the formulas explained.
Attendance Percentage Calculator
Calculate your attendance percentage — and find how many classes you can miss (or must attend) to stay above a required threshold like 75%.
Class Rank Calculator
Convert your class rank to a percentile — see whether you're in the top 5%, 10%, or 25% of your class, and what rank a target percentile requires.
Grade Curve Calculator
Curve a set of grades — flat point boost, square-root curve, or scaling the top score to 100 — and see every student's before and after.
Letter Grade Calculator
Turn a percentage or points earned into a letter grade and 4.0-scale points on a plus/minus, 10-point or custom scale — with the minimum score for every letter.
Easy Grader
Make a printable grading chart for any test: every number wrong with its percentage score and letter grade, in whole or half points, rounded your way.
Rubric Score Calculator
Total weighted rubric criteria into points, a percentage and a letter grade, and compare the linear percentage with a 4-point proficiency conversion.
UK Degree Classification Calculator
Work out your UK degree average and class — First, 2:1, 2:2 or Third — from module credits and marks, with year weightings, discounting and borderline zones.
German Grade Converter
Convert a foreign grade to the German 1.0–4.0 scale with the modified Bavarian formula — presets for GPA, percentages and CGPA, the KMK truncation rule, and the reverse.
ACT Score Calculator
Calculate ACT composites, STEM scores and your superscore across test dates — enhanced ACT rules (English, math, reading) by default, legacy four-section composites too.
SAT Superscore Calculator
Combine your best digital SAT Reading and Writing and Math scores from different test dates into a superscore out of 1600, with every score checked.
IB Diploma Points Calculator
Add six IB subject grades and the TOK and extended essay points into a total out of 45, and check every diploma failing condition, with the reason shown.
Reading Fluency (WCPM) Calculator
Turn a timed oral reading into words correct per minute and accuracy, then compare it with the Hasbrouck & Tindal (2017) norms for grades 1–6.
IELTS Band Score Calculator
Average four IELTS bands with the official half-band rounding rule, see what a missing section needs, and compare Listening and Reading marks with IELTS's published averages.
English Test Score Converter
Compare IELTS, TOEFL iBT (0–120 and the new 1–6 scale), PTE Academic, Cambridge English Scale and Duolingo scores using the providers' own published concordance tables.
GRE Percentile Calculator
Turn GRE Verbal, Quant and Analytical Writing scores into ETS percentile ranks (tests taken July 2022 to June 2025), or find the score a percentile needs.
LSAT Percentile Calculator
Look up the percentile rank of any LSAT score from 120 to 180 in LSAC's table for the 2023–2026 testing years, compare two scores, or find the score a percentile needs.
MCAT Score Calculator
Add four MCAT section scores (118–132) into the 472–528 total and look up AAMC's percentile ranks for the total and each section, from the table in effect May 2026 to April 2027.
SAT Percentile Calculator
Look up College Board's nationally representative and SAT user percentile ranks for your SAT total and Reading and Writing and Math scores, or find the total a percentile needs.
PSAT Selection Index Calculator
Calculate your National Merit Selection Index (48–228) from PSAT/NMSQT Reading and Writing and Math scores with the published formula, and find the score a target needs.
JEE Main Percentile Calculator
Apply NTA's JEE Main percentile formula to candidate counts, and estimate an approximate rank from a percentile, or a percentile from a rank, for any number of candidates.
UCAS Tariff Points Calculator
Add up UCAS Tariff points from A levels, AS, EPQ, Scottish Highers, BTECs, T Levels and the IB, using UCAS's published 2026 and 2027 tables, and compare the total to an offer.
CAO Points Calculator
Work out your Leaving Certificate CAO points: best six subjects on the common points scale, the 25-point Higher Level Maths bonus, and LCVP, for 2017-onwards and older results.
GCSE Grade Converter
Convert GCSE grades between the 9–1 scale and A*–G using Ofqual's anchor points and the DfE's comparison, see what standard pass and strong pass mean, and count your results.
ECTS Credit Converter
Convert ECTS credits to US semester credits and UK credits (CATS) and back, with a custom ratio, rounding options, workload hours and the share of an academic year.
French Grade Converter
Convert French marks out of 20 to US letter grades and GPA using three published university tables, with credit weighting and the mention bands from passable to très bien.
Italian Grade Converter
Convert Italian exam marks out of 30 to a US GPA with two published tables or your own cutoffs, estimate the /110 degree mark from your weighted average, and handle the lode.
Spanish Grade Converter
Convert Spanish 0–10 marks to a US GPA with two published routes or your own cutoffs, weight by ECTS credits, and see the suspenso-to-sobresaliente band and Matrícula de Honor.
Dutch Grade Converter
Convert Dutch 1–10 grades to US letters and GPA and UK degree classes using Nuffic's published reference table, weighted by ECTS credits, with the 5.5 pass mark.
Australian GPA Calculator
Calculate an Australian GPA on the 7-point scale and your WAM from marks and credit points, with ANU or QUT grade bands, custom cutoffs, and optional level weights.
UK to US GPA Converter
Convert UK percentage marks and degree classes (First, 2:1, 2:2, Third) to a US GPA and letter grade using three published tables, with a credit-weighted average and honest caveats.
Canadian GPA Converter
Convert Canadian percentage marks or letter grades to a 4.0 GPA with the University of Toronto scale or UBC bands scored with Alberta's letter values, weighted by credits.
Study & Productivity
Timers, planners, schedules, flashcards, and focus tools for getting coursework done on time.
Mnemonic Generator
Turn any word or list of initials into a memorable mnemonic sentence — built from word banks so each word starts with your letters.
Pomodoro Timer
Study with the Pomodoro technique — focused work sessions with short and long breaks, session counting, and sound alerts. Runs entirely in your browser.
Typing Speed Test
Test your typing speed in words per minute (WPM) with accuracy scoring — 1, 3, or 5 minute tests on real English sentences. Runs entirely in your browser.
Stopwatch
Online stopwatch with lap times — start, pause, record laps and reset, with time shown to the hundredth of a second. Runs entirely in your browser.
Countdown Timer
Set a countdown timer for exams, talks and study sessions — hours, minutes and seconds, quick presets, and a large flashing display with three beeps at zero.
Online Notepad
A distraction-free online notepad that autosaves to your browser — with live word and character counts and a download-as-text button. Nothing is uploaded.
Reading Speed Test
Measure your reading speed in words per minute — read a timed passage, stop when done, and see your WPM against average benchmarks.
Sleep Calculator
Find the best times to fall asleep or wake up based on 90-minute sleep cycles — enter your wake-up time and get suggested bedtimes.
Text to Speech Reader
Listen to any text read aloud using your browser's built-in voices — choose the voice, speed, and pitch. Great for proofreading by ear. An on-device voice keeps your text on your device.
Course Workload Estimator
Estimate a course's hours per week from its reading, writing, exams and class meetings, using the published rates of the Rice University Course Workload Estimator.
Assignment Planner
Turn a start and due date into dated steps for a research paper, essay, lab report, presentation or literature review — with tips, tool links, print and calendar export.
Study Schedule Generator
Turn exam dates, difficulty ratings and daily study hours into a day-by-day revision timetable with spaced review sessions, print view and calendar export.
Reading Planner
Split a book or page range into dated daily readings by finish date or pages per day, with minutes per day at your reading speed and calendar export.
Words Per Day Calculator
Work out the words you need per writing day to reach a word target by a deadline, with a dated schedule, NaNoWriMo and thesis presets, and a saved progress log.
Spaced Repetition Scheduler
Schedule review dates for each topic on expanding intervals (1, 3, 7, 14, 30 days or your own), squeezed to fit before your exam, with a calendar export.
Flashcard Maker
Paste term-definition pairs to study them as flip cards (shuffle, mark known), print duplex-aligned cards with cut lines, or export them to Anki and Quizlet.
Class Schedule Maker
Build a colour-coded weekly class timetable with days, times and rooms, see clashes flagged, keep it saved in your browser, and print it or save it as PNG or SVG.
Cornell Notes Template
Print Cornell notes pages on Letter or A4 with cue column, notes area, summary box and header, in wide, college, narrow or no ruling — or take Cornell notes online.
Online Teleprompter
Paste a script and scroll it smoothly at your speaking pace in words per minute, with text size, mirror mode, countdown, keyboard controls and full screen.
Speech to Text
Dictate into an editable transcript with your browser's speech recognition: choose a language, see live results, use spoken punctuation in English, then copy or download.
SMART Goal Generator
Turn a rough goal into a SMART goal statement — specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound — with a criteria checklist and an action plan.
Printable Calendar Generator
Print monthly or year-at-a-glance calendars for any year from 1900 to 2200 — Sunday or Monday week start, ISO week numbers, the holidays you add, academic-year mode.
Habit Tracker
Tick habits on a monthly grid with current and longest streaks and a monthly rate, then print a blank or filled-in sheet on Letter or A4. Saved only in your browser.
Eisenhower Matrix
Sort a task list into the four urgent/important boxes of the Eisenhower matrix, drag tasks between boxes, tick them off, then print, copy or download. Saved only in your browser.
Weekly Planner Template
Print a weekly planner as an hour-by-hour grid or ruled day boxes, with a Monday or Sunday start, optional dates for up to eight weeks, and a priorities box. Letter or A4.
SQ3R Reading Worksheet
Print a two-page SQ3R worksheet for a chapter: survey checklist, a question row for each heading, recite-from-memory boxes and a review section. Letter or A4.
Feynman Technique Template
A guided four-step Feynman technique template: explain a concept simply, run a jargon and reading-grade check, log your gaps, and write a simpler second draft.
White Noise Generator
Play white, pink or brown noise for focus, synthesised in your browser with a volume control, a softness control and a timer that fades the sound out. Nothing is downloaded.
Speed Reading Trainer
Practise reading your own text at a set pace: one word at a time, in short chunks or by highlight, from 100 to 1000 WPM, then check what you remembered.
Freewriting Tool
Write for a set time or word count with an optional no-backspace mode, fading or hidden text, a gentle nudge if you stall, a live word count and text export.
Classroom & Printables
Printable worksheets, puzzles, rubrics, seating charts, and lesson-planning tools for teachers.
Random Group Generator
Split a list of names into random groups or teams — by number of groups or group size. Perfect for classrooms, projects, and games.
Word Scrambler
Scramble the letters of words to create puzzles and vocabulary games — one word or a whole list at once, with optional first-letter locking.
Tally Counter
Count anything with an online tally counter — click or press space to count up, with multiple named counters and totals.
Rubric Generator
Build a grading rubric — criteria rows, performance levels, and descriptors — from templates for essays, projects, and presentations, then copy it as a table.
Word Search Generator
Create printable word search puzzles from your own word list — choose the grid size and directions, preview the puzzle, and print with or without the answer key.
Bingo Card Generator
Create custom bingo cards from your own word or term list — 3×3, 4×4, or 5×5 grids with a free space, shuffled per card, ready to print.
Cloze Test Generator
Turn any passage into a fill-in-the-blank cloze worksheet — blank every Nth word or your chosen words, with a word bank and answer key.
Crossword Puzzle Generator
Turn answers and clues into a numbered crossword — longest word first, most crossings — with Across and Down clue lists and a separate printable answer key.
Matching Worksheet Generator
Turn term–definition pairs into a printable matching worksheet: numbered prompts with answer lines, shuffled lettered choices, optional distractors and an answer key.
Multiple Choice Quiz Maker
Write questions in a plain-text format, mark answers with an asterisk, and get a printable quiz with an answer key, optional shuffling, and an online self-check mode.
KWL Chart Generator
Make a printable KWL chart — Know, Want to know, Learned — or a KWHL or KWL+ chart for any topic, with ruled columns, and fill it in online if you like.
Seating Chart Generator
Seat a class at desks or tables at random or A–Z, keep chosen students apart, reserve front-row seats, drag to swap, and print teacher and student views.
Graph Paper Generator
Make printable square, dot or isometric graph paper in inches or millimeters for Letter or A4 — major lines, color and weight — at true scale, or as SVG or PNG.
Lined Paper Generator
Print wide, college or narrow ruled paper, primary handwriting lines with a dashed midline, or custom spacing — margin line, name line and colors — on Letter or A4 at true scale.
Lesson Plan Generator
Build a lesson plan from a simple, 5E or Madeline Hunter template — objectives, standards, materials, timed stages that add up, assessment and differentiation.
Report Card Comment Generator
Assemble report card comments from 126 original sentences across six categories and three levels, with pronoun and verb agreement for they/them, she/her and he/him.
Learning Objective Generator
Write measurable learning objectives in the ABCD format — audience, behavior, condition, degree — with Bloom's revised taxonomy verbs and alerts for vague verbs.
Peer Review Form Generator
Make a printable peer review worksheet for essays, research papers, lab reports, narratives, or presentations, with editable criteria, rating scales, and open questions.
Blackout Poetry Maker
Paste a page of text, click the words to keep, and black out the rest. Print the page, or download it as a PNG or SVG. Free, in your browser.
Socratic Seminar Question Generator
Generate opening, core, closing, and world-connection Socratic seminar questions from a text and its themes, and print a student preparation sheet.
Multiplication Worksheet Generator
Make printable multiplication worksheets: pick the times tables, the other-factor range, missing-factor problems or multi-digit factors, with a seed and an answer key page.
Addition Worksheet Generator
Make printable addition worksheets: sums within 10 to 5-digit columns, with or without regrouping, two to four addends, carry boxes, missing addends and an answer key.
Subtraction Worksheet Generator
Make printable subtraction worksheets: with or without borrowing, borrowing across zeros, optional negative answers, number limits, missing numbers and an answer key.
Division Worksheet Generator
Make printable division worksheets: division facts or long division, with or without remainders, bracket or one-line layout, one- and two-digit divisors and an answer key.
Fraction Worksheet Generator
Make printable fraction worksheets: add, subtract, multiply, divide, simplify, compare or find equivalent fractions, with denominator control and an answer key page.
Telling Time Worksheet Generator
Make printable telling-time worksheets with analog clock faces: read the clock or draw the hands, at hour, half-hour, quarter-hour, five-minute and minute levels, with a key.
Multiplication Chart
Print a multiplication chart from 10×10 to 20×20: highlight a number's row, shade the squares, hide some or all products for fill-in practice, with an answer key page.
Hundreds Chart
Print a hundreds chart in 1–100, 1–120 or 0–99 form: hide numbers for missing-number practice, shade skip-counting patterns, or print a blank chart with an answer key.
Number Line Generator
Make printable number lines for whole numbers, decimals and fractions: choose range and spacing, hide labels as fill-in boxes, draw jumps with sizes, mark points, with a key.
Coordinate Plane Generator
Print coordinate planes in one or four quadrants with labelled axes: blank grids, plot-the-points and name-the-points worksheets, connected shapes and an answer key.
Handwriting Worksheet Generator
Turn your letters, words or sentences into traceable handwriting practice on primary ruled lines — dashed or pale tracing, print or cursive-style type, Letter or A4.
Spelling Test Generator
Make a numbered spelling test, a look–say–cover–write–check practice sheet and a teacher's copy from your word list, with optional dictation sentences, Letter or A4.
Certificate Generator
Make printable award, achievement and completion certificates with editable wording, borders, a seal and one page per name from a class list, on Letter or A4.
Exit Ticket Generator
Print exit tickets two to eight per page — 3-2-1, muddiest point, understanding scale or your own prompts — with name and date lines and cut guides, Letter or A4.
Name Tag Generator
Print name tags or fold-in-half desk name plates from a class list — coloured band, framed or plain designs, a second line per name, Letter or A4 with cut guides.
Attendance Sheet Generator
Print a monthly or weekly attendance register or a sign-in sheet from your class list, with school days, days off, absent and tardy totals and a key, on Letter or A4.
Reward Chart Generator
Print a sticker chart, a weekly behaviour chart with your own goals, or a token board with a reward box, in your choice of shape and colour, on Letter or A4.
Staff Paper Generator
Print blank music staff paper — treble, bass, grand staff or a blank staff — with the staff size, staves per page and barlines you choose, on Letter or A4 at true scale.
Reading Log Template
Print a reading log with the columns you choose — date, book, author, pages, minutes, star rating, response, parent initials — or fill it in on screen first.
Sudoku Generator
Generate sudoku puzzles from easy to expert, each with one proven solution and a rating by the techniques needed. Play online or print with answers.
Maze Generator
Make printable rectangular or circular mazes by size and style, with a solution overlay, maze statistics and SVG, PNG or print output. Every maze is solvable.
Word Ladder Generator
Make printable word ladder puzzles from a start and end word, with the shortest valid ladder as the key, hints, a suggested-pair button and a ladder checker.
Cryptogram Generator
Make printable cryptogram puzzles from public-domain quotations or your own text, with given letters, a cipher letter-count table and an answer key.
Hangman Game
Play hangman with your own word list, optional clues, adjustable wrong-guess limits and team scores. Full screen and keyboard friendly; words stay in your browser.
Jeopardy Game Maker
Build a Jeopardy-style review board from typed categories and clues, then play it full screen with up to six teams, response reveals and keyboard scoring.
Classroom Noise Meter
A live microphone level bar for the classroom, with quiet and too-loud thresholds, a warning and a session summary. Audio is measured on your device and never recorded.
Frayer Model Generator
Print Frayer model vocabulary organizers: the term in the middle and four squares for definition, characteristics, examples and non-examples. Up to 12 terms.
T-Chart Maker
Print a two-column T-chart for pros and cons, facts and opinions, cause and effect or your own headings. Blank or filled in, 4 to 16 rows, Letter or A4.
Storyboard Template
Print storyboard pages with 2 to 12 frames in 16:9 or 4:3, caption lines under each frame, numbering and a name line. True-size SVG for Letter or A4.
Unit Plan Generator
Plan a multi-week unit in the three stages of Understanding by Design, with a week-by-week lesson sequence and assessments. Copy it or download it as text.
Random Generators & Pickers
Random numbers, names, words, dice, coins, and wheels — fair randomness for classrooms, games, and brainstorming.
Lorem Ipsum Generator
Generate placeholder text for your documents, essays, and web designs. Choose paragraphs, sentences, or words.
Random Word Generator
Generate random words — nouns, verbs, or adjectives — for brainstorming, vocabulary practice, writing games, and creative exercises.
Random Number Generator
Generate random numbers in any range — one at a time or in batches, with or without duplicates. Perfect for sampling, games, and picking winners.
Random Letter Generator
Generate random letters A-Z — uppercase, lowercase, or both, with or without repeats. Great for word games, drills, and creative constraints.
Random Sentence Generator
Generate grammatical random sentences from curated word banks — for typing practice, grammar exercises, placeholder text, and creative sparks.
Random Paragraph Generator
Draw readable paragraphs of real public-domain prose by topic and length — credited Thoreau, Twain, Lincoln and more, for typing practice, reading and copywork.
Character Name Generator
Generate character names for stories and creative writing — first and last names across styles like classic, modern, and fantasy.
Random Name Picker
Pick a random name from your list — for cold calls, raffles, and classroom turns. Paste names, pick one or several, and optionally remove winners.
Dice Roller
Roll virtual dice — any number of dice with 4 to 100 sides. See each die, totals, and roll history for games and probability lessons.
Coin Flip
Flip a virtual coin — one flip or a hundred at once, with heads/tails tallies and streak history. Fair 50/50 randomness.
Wheel Spinner
Spin a customizable wheel to pick a random option — add your own entries, spin with animation, and optionally remove winners between spins.
Username Generator
Generate available-sounding usernames from word banks — adjective + noun combos with optional numbers and your own keyword mixed in.
Random Dataset Generator
Seeded synthetic data for statistics practice: normal, uniform, skewed, correlated pairs and groups, with sample statistics and a CSV download.
Random Color Generator
Generate random colors or harmonious palettes — analogous, complementary, triadic and more — with HEX, RGB and HSL codes, locks, contrast figures and copy-ready CSS.
Random Date Generator
Draw random dates and times between any two dates, limit them to weekdays or weekends, remove repeats, sort the list and copy it in ISO 8601 or local formats.
Random Country Generator
Pick random UN member states with their capital, continent and ISO code. Filter by continent, add the two observer states, quiz yourself and copy the result as a table.
Random Card Generator
Shuffle a 52-card deck, with or without jokers, draw any number of cards, and see the exact odds of each kind of card and the poker hand you were dealt.
Icebreaker Question Generator
Draw hand-written icebreaker questions for classrooms or team meetings by depth, with a timing guide that shows when to split a large group.
Secret Santa Generator
Draw random Secret Santa pairs with exclusions for partners and last year's match. Nobody draws themselves, impossible rules are explained, and nothing is sent.
Tournament Bracket Generator
Make printable single or double elimination brackets with standard seeding and byes, or a round robin schedule with a standings sheet. Random draw or seed order.
Text Cleanup & Formatting
Change case, clean whitespace, sort and deduplicate lines, find and replace, and extract emails, links, and numbers.
Title Case Converter
Convert text to Title Case, UPPERCASE, lowercase, or Sentence case. Follows APA, MLA, Chicago, and AP title capitalization rules.
Remove Line Breaks
Remove unwanted line breaks and extra whitespace from text copied from PDFs, emails, or web pages. Clean up formatting instantly.
Remove Duplicate Lines
Remove duplicate lines from your text while preserving the original order. See which lines were duplicates and how many were removed.
Sort Lines Alphabetically
Sort lines alphabetically (A–Z or Z–A), by length, or reverse line order. Perfect for sorting lists, references, and data.
Sentence Case Converter
Convert text to sentence case — capitalize only the first letter of each sentence. Perfect for fixing ALL CAPS text or reformatting titles and headings.
Find and Replace Text
Find and replace text online — with case-sensitive and whole-word options. See how many replacements were made and copy the result.
Extra Space Remover
Remove extra spaces, tabs, and blank lines from your text. Collapse double spaces, trim line edges, and clean up messy formatting instantly.
Text Repeater
Repeat any text or phrase multiple times — with optional separators, line breaks, and numbering. Copy the repeated result instantly.
Smart Quotes Converter
Convert straight quotes to curly (smart) quotes, or smart quotes back to straight — plus fix apostrophes, em dashes, and ellipses for polished documents.
Add Prefix & Suffix to Lines
Add text to the beginning or end of every line — build lists, wrap items in quotes or commas, and batch-format data instantly.
Emoji Remover
Remove all emoji and pictographic symbols from text. Clean up social media content, chat exports, and documents for formal writing.
Accent & Diacritic Remover
Remove accents and diacritical marks from text — convert é, ñ, ü, and ç to plain ASCII letters for filenames, IDs, and databases.
Hashtag Generator
Turn your caption or keywords into clean hashtags — camelCase or lowercase, deduplicated, and ready to copy for Instagram, X, TikTok, and LinkedIn.
Case Converter
Convert text between UPPERCASE, lowercase, Title Case, Sentence case, aLtErNaTiNg case, InVeRsE case, camelCase, and snake_case — all in one tool.
Sentence Splitter
Split text into one sentence per line — handling abbreviations, decimals, and quotes sensibly. Great for editing, translation, and analysis.
Text Splitter
Split long text into chunks by character or word count — with optional part numbering. Perfect for SMS, tweets, and AI prompt limits.
Comma Separator
Convert a column list to comma-separated values and back — with options for quotes, custom delimiters, and deduplication.
Punctuation Remover
Remove all punctuation from text — or keep the marks you choose. Clean text for word analysis, data processing, and language exercises.
Email Extractor
Extract all email addresses from any text — deduplicated, sorted, and ready to copy as a list or comma-separated values.
URL Extractor
Extract all links and URLs from any text — deduplicated, with optional domain-only mode. Copy as a list or comma-separated values.
Number Extractor
Extract all numbers from any text — integers, decimals, and negatives — with sum, average, and count of what was found.
Shuffle Lines
Randomize the order of lines in your list — shuffle names, questions, or items fairly with one click.
Number Sorter
Sort numbers in ascending or descending order — paste any list, get it sorted numerically (not alphabetically), with duplicates optionally removed.
Bullet Point Generator
Convert lines of text into bullet points — choose •, ◦, ▪, dashes, arrows, checkmarks, or numbers, and copy the formatted list anywhere.
Add Line Breaks
Add line breaks to text — after every sentence, after N characters or words, or after a chosen character. Un-wall your text instantly.
Add Line Numbers
Add line numbers to any text — choose the starting number, separator, and padding, and optionally skip blank lines.
List Comparison Tool
Compare two lists and see what they share and where they differ — items in both, only in list A, and only in list B, with counts and copy buttons.
Duplicate Word Remover
Remove duplicate words from text — repeated words in a row (the the) or every repeat across a list — with a count of what was removed.
Remove Words From Text
Remove specific words or phrases from your text — enter your own list or strip common stop words, with whole-word matching and a removal count.
Multi Word Replacer
Replace many words at once — set up multiple find→replace pairs and apply them all in one pass, with per-pair replacement counts.
Unique Word Extractor
Extract every unique word from a text as an alphabetized vocabulary list — with counts, minimum-length filtering, and copy as list or CSV.
Hidden Character Detector
Find zero-width characters, special spaces, soft hyphens, bidi controls, tag characters and look-alike letters in pasted text, see each in place, and clean them out.
List Merger
Merge two to six lists line by line with a separator, append or alternate them, or generate every combination — with control over uneven lengths, blanks and duplicates.
Column Extractor
Pick columns from CSV, TSV, fixed-width or any delimited text by number or header name, then reorder, rename, dedupe, sort and copy them out with any delimiter.
Transcript Cleaner
Clean YouTube, Zoom and Teams transcripts: strip timestamps, filler words and sound cues, merge speaker turns, and read SRT or VTT files. Runs in your browser.
Subtitle Converter
Convert SRT to WebVTT and back, shift or stretch cue timings to the millisecond, change frame rate, and renumber. Runs in your browser.
Line Filter
Keep or remove the lines of a text that contain words, phrases or regular expressions, with case and whole-word options and a count of every match.
Unicode Text Normalizer
Convert text to NFC, NFD, NFKC or NFKD, turn full-width into half-width, expand ligatures, and see which code points and UTF-8 bytes changed.
Outline Numbering Generator
Number an indented outline in decimal (1.1.1), the I. A. 1. a. (1) (a) style, or legal clause, article and statute numbering. Reads tabs, spaces and Markdown bullets.
Fancy Text & Symbols
Bold, cursive, monospace, bubble, and other Unicode text styles — plus special characters to copy and paste anywhere.
Backwards Text Generator
Reverse text character by character, word by word, or line by line. Generate backwards text, mirror text, and upside-down text for creative projects.
Small Text Generator
Convert text into ᵗⁱⁿʸ superscript, small caps, and subscript Unicode letters you can copy anywhere — bios, comments, and posts.
Bold Text Generator
Convert text into 𝗯𝗼𝗹𝗱, 𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘤, and 𝙗𝙤𝙡𝙙 𝙞𝙩𝙖𝙡𝙞𝙘 Unicode styles that work in social bios, comments, and messages — copy and paste anywhere.
Cursive Text Generator
Convert text into 𝓬𝓾𝓻𝓼𝓲𝓿𝓮 script and calligraphy-style Unicode letters you can copy anywhere — bios, invitations, and posts.
Bubble Text Generator
Convert text into ⓑⓤⓑⓑⓛⓔ circled letters and filled-circle Unicode styles you can copy anywhere.
Upside Down Text Generator
Flip your text upside down (ʇxǝʇ uʍop ǝpᴉsdn) with Unicode characters — reversed and flipped, ready to copy anywhere.
Strikethrough Text Generator
Add s̶t̶r̶i̶k̶e̶t̶h̶r̶o̶u̶g̶h̶ to any text with Unicode combining characters — works in bios, chats, and posts where formatting isn't allowed.
Underline Text Generator
Add u̲n̲d̲e̲r̲l̲i̲n̲e̲s̲ to any text with Unicode combining characters — works in bios, chats, and posts where formatting isn't allowed.
Wide Text Generator
Convert text into ｗｉｄｅ full-width (vaporwave aesthetic) characters you can copy anywhere.
Glitch Text Generator
Create g̷l̷i̷t̷c̷h̷y̷ corrupted-looking (Zalgo) text with stacked Unicode marks — control the intensity and copy it anywhere.
Old English Text Generator
Convert text into 𝔒𝔩𝔡 𝔈𝔫𝔤𝔩𝔦𝔰𝔥 blackletter and Fraktur Unicode styles you can copy anywhere.
Superscript & Subscript Generator
Convert text and numbers to Unicode superscript (x²) and subscript (H₂O) — for math, chemistry, footnotes, and anywhere formatting isn't available.
Invisible Character
Copy an invisible character (blank Unicode space) for empty messages, hidden names, and spacing tricks — with a tester to verify you copied it.
Special Characters — Copy & Paste
Click to copy special characters — em dashes, arrows, math symbols, currency signs, stars, checkmarks, and accented letters — organized by category.
Monospace Text Generator
Convert text to Unicode monospace letters and digits you can paste anywhere, or to Markdown code that shows as true monospace in Discord, Slack and GitHub.
Double-Struck Text Generator
Convert text to blackboard bold Unicode letters and digits with ℂ ℍ ℕ ℙ ℚ ℝ ℤ placed correctly, and copy the common number-set symbols with their LaTeX.
Squared Text Generator
Convert text to outlined 🄰🄱🄲 or filled 🅰🅱🅲 squared Unicode capitals, without the regional indicator letters that turn into flags.
ASCII Art Text Generator
Draw words as multi-line ASCII banner art in four original fonts, with adjustable letter spacing and fill character, then copy it or download it as a .txt file.
Kaomoji Picker
Browse hand-picked Japanese emoticons like (◕‿◕) by mood, search by name and click to copy. A curated, classroom-safe kaomoji collection.
Emoji Text Generator
Spell words in emoji letter symbols, draw big block letters from any emoji, or replace words like love, cat and pizza with emoji, then copy the result.
Unicode Fraction Generator
Turn 1/2, 3/4 or any fraction into ½ or ¹⁷⁄₂₄ using Unicode vulgar fractions and superscript and subscript digits, then copy the result into any text.
Discord Text Formatter
Build Discord Markdown — bold, italic, spoilers, headers, quotes, masked links and code blocks — plus ANSI coloured text, with a live preview and copy button.
Emoji Search
Search the Unicode emoji set by name or keyword, pick a skin tone, copy any emoji and see its official name, version, code points and HTML, CSS and JavaScript escapes.
Language & Transliteration
Transliterate Cyrillic, Greek, and Korean, convert English to IPA, add pinyin tone marks, and translate to braille or the NATO alphabet.
NATO Phonetic Alphabet Converter
Spell any text in the NATO phonetic alphabet (Alfa, Bravo, Charlie) — for spelling names over the phone, plus the full reference chart.
Braille Translator
Translate text to Grade 1 (uncontracted) Unicode braille and back — letters, numbers, and common punctuation, with the braille alphabet chart.
English to IPA Converter
Transcribe English text into the International Phonetic Alphabet with stress marks, word by word, from General American pronunciations in the CMU Pronouncing Dictionary.
Language Detector
Identify the language of any text among 59 — by its script where that settles it, by character trigrams where alphabets are shared — with confidence and runners-up.
Cyrillic to Latin Transliterator
Romanize Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian and Bulgarian in ALA-LC, BGN/PCGN, ISO 9, the scholarly system and Russia's passport form, side by side with letter tables.
Greek to Latin Transliterator
Romanize Modern Greek in ELOT 743 and ALA-LC and Ancient Greek in the classical (SBL, Chicago) convention, with polytonic input, rough breathings and iota subscripts.
Korean Romanizer
Convert Hangul to the Revised Romanization of Korean with the official sound-change rules shown, or to its letter-by-letter transliteration, with name and hyphen options.
Pinyin Tone Converter
Turn numbered pinyin into tone marks (ni3 hao3 → nǐ hǎo, lv4 → lǜ) by the standard placement rule, convert tone marks back to numbers, or strip the tones for citations.
IPA Keyboard
Click-to-type International Phonetic Alphabet symbols laid out like the IPA chart, with consonants, vowels, diacritics, tones and tie bars, and a copy button.
Arabic Transliterator
Romanize Arabic script in ALA-LC, DMG/DIN 31635 and a simple form. Reads vowel marks, hyphenates the article, and says when unvowelled text hides the short vowels.
Hebrew Transliterator
Romanize Hebrew with or without niqqud in the SBL academic and general-purpose styles and Library of Congress ALA-LC, with spirant and aleph/ayin options.
Devanagari Transliterator
Convert Hindi and Sanskrit Devanagari to IAST or ISO 15919 Latin, and read both back into Devanagari, with anusvara, final-a and long e/o options.
Romaji Converter
Turn hiragana and katakana into revised Hepburn romaji with macrons, read romaji back into kana, and convert between hiragana and katakana.
Armenian Transliterator
Romanize Armenian in ISO 9985 and ALA-LC, Eastern or Western, with the prime and aspirate marks, and convert Latin text back to Armenian script.
Georgian Transliterator
Romanize Georgian in the 2002 national system, ISO 9984 and ALA-LC, and convert Latin text back to Georgian script, with a full letter table.
Serbian Cyrillic to Latin Converter
Convert Serbian Cyrillic to Gaj's Latin alphabet and back, handling lj, nj and dž both ways, plus Macedonian Cyrillic to Latin in two spellings.
Runes Translator
Spell Latin text in Elder Futhark, Younger Futhark or Anglo-Saxon Futhorc runes, and read runes back as letters. Transliteration, not translation.
Chinese Simplified to Traditional Converter
Convert Chinese between Simplified and Traditional characters with OpenCC tables, flagging every one-to-many character and offering Taiwan and Hong Kong forms.
Spanish Number Converter
Spells numbers as Spanish cardinal and ordinal words with gender agreement, apocope and the long scale, following the Real Academia Española.
French Number Converter
Spells numbers as French cardinal and ordinal words with the vingt and cent agreement rules, the 1990 hyphenation and the Belgian and Swiss variants.
German Number Converter
Spells numbers as German cardinal and ordinal words following the Duden, with compounding, capitalised large numbers, ein/eine/einen and Swiss spelling.
Chinese Number Converter
Converts Arabic numbers to Chinese numerals, financial 大写 numerals and RMB capital amounts, and reads Chinese numerals back into digits.
Hebrew Numeral Converter
Converts numbers from 1 to 9999 into Hebrew letter numerals with geresh, gershayim and the 15 and 16 convention, and reads Hebrew numerals back into numbers.
Codes & Ciphers
Encode and decode classical ciphers and codes — Caesar, Vigenère, Playfair, Enigma, Morse, and more — and check password strength.
Morse Code Translator
Translate text to Morse code and Morse code back to text. Supports letters, numbers, and punctuation with standard international Morse.
Binary Code Translator
Convert text to binary code and binary back to text. See each character's 8-bit representation and decode any binary string.
Caesar Cipher Encoder & Decoder
Encode and decode Caesar cipher messages with any shift (including ROT13) — plus a brute-force mode that shows all 25 shifts at once.
Pig Latin Translator
Translate English to Pig Latin and Pig Latin back to English — with the rules explained (consonant clusters, vowels, and 'way' endings).
Password Generator
Generate strong random passwords locally in your browser — choose length and character sets, with a strength estimate. Nothing is sent anywhere.
Vigenère Cipher Encoder & Decoder
Encode and decode Vigenère cipher messages with any keyword — with the letter-by-letter working shown and a history of the cipher.
Leet Speak Translator
Convert text to leet speak (1337 5p34k) and back — choose basic or advanced substitution levels and copy the result anywhere.
Atbash Cipher
Encode and decode the Atbash cipher, which swaps A↔Z, B↔Y and so on — one action works both ways, with the mirror alphabet and letter-by-letter working shown.
Rail Fence Cipher
Encode and decode the rail fence (zigzag) cipher with 2–10 rails and an optional offset — the zigzag drawn out, plus a brute-force decode across every rail count.
Affine Cipher
Encode and decode the affine cipher E(x) = (ax + b) mod 26 — with the modular inverse, the 12 valid values of a, letter-by-letter working, and a 312-key brute force.
Playfair Cipher
Encode and decode the Playfair cipher from any keyword — the 5×5 key square, the digraph preparation, and each pair's row, column or rectangle rule shown step by step.
Letters to Numbers (A1Z26) Converter
Convert letters to numbers (A = 1 … Z = 26) and numbers back to letters, with a choice of separators, a reversed alphabet (Z = 1), or zero-based numbering (A = 0).
Bacon Cipher
Encode and decode Francis Bacon's biliteral cipher in his 24-letter or the 26-letter alphabet, with A/B, 0/1 or custom symbols — and hide the code in a cover text.
Polybius Square Cipher
Encode and decode the Polybius square — letters as row-and-column numbers from 11 to 55, with an optional keyword square — plus the prisoners' tap code.
Substitution Cipher Solver
Solve cryptograms with letter frequencies, short-word and doubled-letter hints and a live guess grid — or encode and decode with a keyword or random substitution key.
Columnar Transposition Cipher
Encode and decode keyword columnar transposition — single or double, padded with X or left with irregular columns — with every grid and its column order drawn out.
Pigpen Cipher
Turn text into pigpen (Freemason's cipher) symbols and download them as SVG or PNG, or read a pigpen message with a clickable symbol keyboard and the key chart.
Enigma Machine Simulator
Simulate the Enigma I: rotors I–V, reflectors B and C, ring settings, plugboard and the double step — with rotor windows, a lamp board and every key press traced.
Hill Cipher
Encode and decode the Hill cipher with a 2 × 2 or 3 × 3 key matrix or keyword — invertibility checked mod 26 and the inverse key worked out by the adjugate method.
Password Strength Checker
Check a password on your device: entropy, common-password and dictionary matches, l33t, sequences, keyboard walks and dates, time to crack by attack, and specific fixes.
Beaufort Cipher
Encode and decode the Beaufort cipher and its variant from any keyword — the 26 × 26 square and the arithmetic for every letter shown.
Autokey Cipher
Encode and decode the Vigenère autokey cipher from a primer — the key builds itself from your message, with the square and every letter's sum shown.
Porta Cipher
Encode and decode the Della Porta cipher from any keyword — its 13 reciprocal alphabets shown, with the arithmetic for every letter worked out.
Four-Square Cipher
Encode and decode the four-square digraph cipher from two keywords — all four 5 × 5 squares shown, with the rectangle behind every pair of letters.
Bifid Cipher
Encode and decode Delastelle's bifid cipher with a keyed 5 × 5 or 6 × 6 Polybius square and a period — row and column digits shown for every block.
Trifid Cipher
Encode and decode Delastelle's trifid cipher with a keyed 3 × 3 × 3 cube and a period — layer, row and column digits shown for every block.
ADFGVX Cipher
Encode and decode the German ADFGX and ADFGVX ciphers — a keyed Polybius square, then a columnar transposition, with both stages shown.
Nihilist Cipher
Encode and decode the Nihilist cipher from a keyed Polybius square and an additive key — each letter's number, key number and sum worked out.
Book Cipher
Encode and decode a book cipher from any key text — words, first letters or letters, written as running numbers, line:word or page:line:word, with the lookup shown.
Scytale Cipher
Encode and decode the Spartan scytale transposition with any rod size — the message laid out on the rod, the unwound strip shown, and every rod size ranked to crack unknown text.
Route Cipher
Encode and decode route ciphers — write a message into a grid and read it along a spiral, column or zigzag route, for letters or whole words, with every cell numbered.
XOR Cipher
Encrypt and decrypt text with a repeating-key XOR on UTF-8 bytes — hex or Base64 output, every byte worked out in binary, and a search over all one-byte keys.
One-Time Pad
Generate a random letter pad, encrypt and decrypt text modulo 26 with the working shown, and see why reusing a pad breaks the cipher — a teaching aid, not secure messaging.
Base32, Base58 and Ascii85 Converter
Encode and decode Base32 (RFC 4648), Base58 (Bitcoin alphabet), Ascii85 (Adobe) and Z85 (ZeroMQ) for text or hex bytes, with the grouping and digits shown.
Phone Keypad Cipher
Encode text as multi-tap, key-and-press or T9 digits on the standard phone keypad and decode them again, with ranked word candidates for T9 and the keypad shown.
Cipher Identifier
Paste cipher text and see which cipher family it resembles — from its character set, index of coincidence, English letter pairs and key-length hints — with links to solvers.
Unit, Date & Number Converters
Convert units, time zones, dates, timestamps, Roman numerals, number bases, and numbers to words.
Number to Words Converter
Convert numbers to their written word form. Follow APA, Chicago, and AP style rules for when to spell out numbers vs. use numerals in academic writing.
Roman Numeral Converter
Convert numbers to Roman numerals and Roman numerals back to numbers — for outlines, chapters, dates, and page numbering.
Date Format Converter
Convert a date between APA, MLA, Chicago, ISO 8601, and international formats. Enter any date and get every academic and standard format at once.
Age Calculator
Calculate exact age from a date of birth — in years, months, and days, plus total days lived and days until the next birthday.
Date Calculator
Calculate days between two dates, or add and subtract days from a date — with weekdays-only counting for assignment and project deadlines.
Number Base Converter
Convert numbers between binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal — see all four bases at once with the conversion steps explained.
Unix Timestamp Converter
Convert Unix timestamps to human-readable dates and dates back to timestamps — seconds and milliseconds, in UTC and your local time.
Military Time Converter
Convert between 12-hour (AM/PM) and 24-hour military time — instantly, with a full conversion chart and how-to-say guide.
Words to Numbers Converter
Convert written numbers to digits — 'two hundred forty-six' becomes 246. Handles hyphens, 'and', millions, and decimals.
Scientific Notation Converter
Convert numbers to scientific notation and back — with E-notation, engineering notation, and the steps shown for homework.
Ordinal Number Converter
Convert numbers to ordinals — 1 to 1st, 22 to 22nd — and spell them out (twenty-second), with the suffix rules explained.
Unit Converter
Convert between metric and imperial units — length, mass, temperature, volume, area, and speed — with the conversion factor shown.
Time Zone Converter
Convert a time between cities and time zones — see what 3 PM in New York is in London, Tokyo, or any zone, with DST handled automatically.
Discord Timestamp Generator
Create Discord dynamic timestamps — pick a date and time and copy the <t:...> code for every display style, from relative time to full date.
Decimal to Fraction Converter
Convert decimals to simplified fractions (0.375 = 3/8) and fractions to decimals — with the simplification steps shown, including mixed numbers.
Time Calculator
Add and subtract hours, minutes and seconds, find the time between two clock times (overnight or across dates), total a list of times, and convert decimal hours.
Week Number Calculator
Find the ISO 8601 week number, week-year and week date of any date, the US Sunday-start week number, the dates of any week, and every week of a year in one table.
Hijri Date Converter
Convert Gregorian dates to the Hijri (Islamic) calendar and back in the Umm al-Qura or tabular calendar, with the Arabic date, month lengths and the year's Gregorian span.
Font Size Converter
Convert font sizes between pt, px, em, rem, %, mm, cm, inches and picas using CSS's 96 px per inch, with editable root and parent sizes and a chart of common sizes.
Regnal Year Converter
Convert regnal years such as 13 Cha. 2 to calendar dates and dates to regnal years for old statutes, with Julian and Gregorian dates and the 25 March legal year.
Data Storage Converter
Convert bits, bytes, kB/KiB, MB/MiB and larger units exactly, see why decimal and binary prefixes differ, and estimate transfer time at a chosen bandwidth.
Ancient Number Systems Converter
Converts numbers into Babylonian, Egyptian hieroglyphic, Maya, Attic Greek and Ionic Greek numerals, with sign tables and place-value notes.
Japanese Era Converter
Converts Gregorian dates to Japanese era (nengō) dates from Meiji to Reiwa and back, with exact era start dates and the first-year (gannen) rule.
Hebrew Calendar Converter
Convert Gregorian dates to Hebrew dates and back, with the sunset rule, leap years, month lengths, Hebrew script and the year's holiday dates.
Persian Calendar Converter
Convert Gregorian dates to Persian (Solar Hijri, Jalali) dates and back, with Persian script, leap years, month lengths and the March equinox that fixes Nowruz.
Julian Calendar Converter
Convert Julian (Old Style) dates to Gregorian (New Style) and back, with the day gap, dual dating, double years and the date each country adopted the Gregorian calendar.
Julian Day Calculator
Convert calendar dates and times to Julian Day, Modified Julian Day and Julian Day Number, or a JD or MJD back to a date, in the Gregorian, Julian or historical calendar.
Day of the Week Calculator
Find the weekday of any date from year 1 to 9999 in the Gregorian, Julian or a country's historical calendar, with Zeller's congruence and Doomsday working.
Chinese Zodiac Calculator
Find your Chinese zodiac animal, element and yin or yang from a birth date, using the real date of Chinese New Year for each year from 1900 to 2100.
Metric Prefix Converter
Convert between SI prefixes from quecto (10⁻³⁰) to quetta (10³⁰) for any unit, exactly, with scientific notation and the closest engineering prefix.
Energy Unit Converter
Convert energy exactly between joules, calories, kilocalories, kWh, BTU, electronvolts, ergs and foot-pounds, with thermochemical and IT calories kept apart.
Pressure Unit Converter
Convert pressure exactly between pascals, bar, atmospheres, torr, mmHg, inHg and psi, using the NIST definitions, with a table of your value in every unit.
Data, Markup & Code
Format and convert JSON, CSV, XML, HTML, Markdown, and LaTeX, test regular expressions, and generate hashes, UUIDs, and QR codes.
JSON Formatter & Validator
Format, validate, and beautify JSON data. Minify or pretty-print JSON with syntax highlighting and error detection.
CSV to Table Converter
Convert CSV data into formatted tables. Preview your data as an HTML table and copy it for use in documents, reports, or web pages.
Text to URL Slug Converter
Convert any text into a clean, URL-friendly slug. Remove special characters, replace spaces with hyphens, and generate SEO-friendly URLs instantly.
HTML Tag Remover
Remove all HTML tags from text and extract clean plain text. Perfect for cleaning up content copied from web pages, emails, or CMS editors.
Markdown to Plain Text
Convert Markdown-formatted text to clean plain text. Remove headers, bold, italics, links, lists, and other Markdown syntax while preserving readability.
Text Encoder & Decoder
Encode and decode text in multiple formats: URL encoding, Base64, HTML entities, and Unicode escape sequences. Convert between formats instantly.
Markdown Table Generator
Build Markdown tables visually or from pasted CSV/TSV data — with column alignment options and properly padded output.
Text to Hex Converter
Convert text to hexadecimal and hex back to text — UTF-8 aware, with byte grouping options and instant copy.
ASCII Code Converter
Convert text to ASCII character codes and codes back to text — decimal by default, with an ASCII reference table included.
Hash Generator (SHA-256)
Generate SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, and SHA-1 hashes of any text — computed locally in your browser with the Web Crypto API. Nothing is uploaded.
CSV to JSON Converter
Convert CSV data to JSON and JSON arrays back to CSV — with header detection, delimiter options, and pretty-printed output.
XML Formatter & Validator
Format, indent, and validate XML — pretty-print messy markup, catch syntax errors, and minify for compact output.
HTML to Markdown Converter
Convert HTML to clean Markdown — headings, lists, links, bold, italics, code, and tables — right in your browser.
UUID Generator
Generate random UUIDs (v4) — one or in bulk — using your browser's cryptographic randomness. Copy individually or all at once.
Unicode Character Inspector
Break text into grapheme clusters and code points with official Unicode names, categories, scripts and blocks, UTF-8 and UTF-16 encodings, and HTML, JS and CSS escapes.
QR Code Generator
Make a QR code from text, a web address or a DOI — versions 1–40, error correction L to H, masks scored by penalty — with colours, margin and SVG or PNG download.
Markdown to HTML Converter
Convert Markdown to HTML by the CommonMark rules, with GitHub tables, strikethrough and bare links, raw HTML escaped or allowlist-filtered, and a live preview.
HTML Formatter
Beautify or minify HTML without changing how it renders — pre, textarea, script and style kept exactly — and list unclosed, mismatched and stray tags by line.
LaTeX Table Generator
Turn pasted CSV or TSV, or a grid you type, into LaTeX tabular code — alignment, booktabs or line rules, caption, label, threeparttable notes, characters escaped.
LaTeX Equation Editor
Type LaTeX math or build it from a toolbar, see it rendered live, and copy the LaTeX, MathML that Word pastes as an equation, or an HTML snippet.
LaTeX Symbol Finder
Search over 600 LaTeX math and text symbols by name, command, character or code point, with each one's Unicode character and the package that defines it.
Regex Tester
Test JavaScript regular expressions live: highlighted matches with positions and groups, flags, a replacement preview, a token-by-token explanation and ready-made patterns.
Rich Text to LaTeX Converter
Paste from Word, Google Docs or a web page and get LaTeX: headings, bold and italic, lists, tables and links mapped to standard commands, with every special character escaped.
LaTeX to Unicode Converter
Convert LaTeX to Unicode text and back: Greek letters, superscripts, subscripts, mathematical alphabets, accents, fractions and roots, with unconverted commands listed.
SQL Formatter
Beautify or minify SQL: one clause per line, indented subqueries, your keyword case, indentation and comma style, with notes for PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server and SQLite.
YAML to JSON Converter
Convert YAML to JSON and JSON to YAML with validation: errors name the line and column, key order is kept, and YAML 1.1 gotchas such as NO and 1.10 are flagged.
XML to JSON Converter
Convert XML to JSON and JSON to XML with the attribute, text and array conventions you choose, a live sample of the mapping, and line-numbered errors.
URL Parser
Break a URL into scheme, host, port, path segments, query parameters and fragment, decode every parameter into a table, then edit and rebuild the address.
JWT Decoder
Decode a JSON Web Token's header and payload in your browser, read exp, nbf and iat as dates, and see warnings. It decodes and never claims to verify.
Image to Base64 Converter
Convert an image to a Base64 data URI, HTML, CSS or Markdown snippet with the size overhead shown, or decode Base64 back to an image you can preview and download.
Binary Calculator
Add, subtract, multiply and divide binary numbers with the carries, borrows and long division shown, plus AND, OR, XOR, NOT, shifts and rotates at 4 to 128 bits.
Two's Complement Calculator
Convert signed integers to two's complement and back at 4 to 64 bits, with invert-and-add-one working, the value range, overflow wrap-around and sign extension.
IEEE 754 Floating Point Converter
Convert decimals to half, single and double precision bits and back: sign, exponent, fraction, the exact stored value, subnormals, NaN payloads and rounding error.
Hamming Code Calculator
Encode Hamming (7,4) and general (n,k) codes with every parity check shown, inject bit errors, and decode with the syndrome table, plus a SECDED overall parity option.
IP Subnet Calculator
IPv4 CIDR and IPv6 prefix calculator: network, broadcast, host range, subnet and wildcard masks, RFC 1918 and special ranges flagged, and splitting into subnets.
Sorting Algorithm Visualizer
Step through bubble, insertion, selection, merge, quick and heap sort on your own numbers, with comparisons, swaps and writes counted and all six compared.
Color Converter
Convert HEX, RGB, HSL, HWB, HSV and CMYK colors, plus OKLCH, with a picker, the nearest CSS color name and copy-ready CSS custom properties.
Color Contrast Checker
Check the WCAG 2.2 contrast ratio of a text and background color, see AA and AAA results for normal and large text, and get the nearest passing colors.