Literature Review
Thematic literature review outline
Introduction
Tip: Give the background, say what the review is for and how you searched, and tell the reader how it is organized.
To write: Give the background: what the topic is and why it matters, in two or three sentences.
To write: State the question or purpose the review serves.
To write: Say how you searched and chose sources: databases, years, inclusion criteria.
To write: Tell the reader the review is organized by theme, and name the themes in order.
1. Theme 1
Tip: A theme is an idea, not a source. Chronology can still appear inside a theme.
To write: Open with a claim about this theme: “Research on [theme] shows [point], although [qualification].”
Synthesis questions to answer
- State the point of this theme in one sentence of your own.
- Group the studies that support it. Where do they agree?
- Where do they disagree, and is the difference explained by samples, methods or definitions?
- Which evidence is strongest, and why? Evaluate it rather than only reporting it.
- What does this theme leave unanswered?
- Link: how does this section lead to the next, or back to your question?
- Cite every claim, and keep your own voice at the start and end of each paragraph.
2. Theme 2
Tip: A theme is an idea, not a source. Chronology can still appear inside a theme.
To write: Open with a claim about this theme: “Research on [theme] shows [point], although [qualification].”
Synthesis questions to answer
- State the point of this theme in one sentence of your own.
- Group the studies that support it. Where do they agree?
- Where do they disagree, and is the difference explained by samples, methods or definitions?
- Which evidence is strongest, and why? Evaluate it rather than only reporting it.
- What does this theme leave unanswered?
- Link: how does this section lead to the next, or back to your question?
- Cite every claim, and keep your own voice at the start and end of each paragraph.
3. Theme 3
Tip: A theme is an idea, not a source. Chronology can still appear inside a theme.
To write: Open with a claim about this theme: “Research on [theme] shows [point], although [qualification].”
Synthesis questions to answer
- State the point of this theme in one sentence of your own.
- Group the studies that support it. Where do they agree?
- Where do they disagree, and is the difference explained by samples, methods or definitions?
- Which evidence is strongest, and why? Evaluate it rather than only reporting it.
- What does this theme leave unanswered?
- Link: how does this section lead to the next, or back to your question?
- Cite every claim, and keep your own voice at the start and end of each paragraph.
Conclusion
Tip: Summarize what the literature shows, say what is missing, and point to what comes next. A review adds no new study of its own.
To write: Summarize what the literature has established, and where studies disagree.
To write: State the gap: “However, [what is missing], which is why [your study or question].”
To write: Say what comes next: your research question, method or argument.