문학을 MLA 9로 인용하는 법 (지정되면 시카고)

단독 도서:

저자 성, 이름. 도서 제목. 출판사, 연도.

선집 속 작품:

저자 성, 이름. "작품 제목." 선집 제목, 편자 이름 편, 출판사, 연도, pp. 쪽.

본문 내 인용(산문):

(저자 쪽) 또는 저자는 …라고 쓴다 (쪽).

본문 내 인용(번호가 있는 희곡):

(저자 1.2.15–17) — 사용한 판본의 막, 장, 행.

The notes and bibliography system, Chicago's oldest and most flexible, can accommodate a wide variety of sources, including unusual ones that don't fit neatly into the author-date system. For this reason, it is preferred by many working in the humanities, including literature, history, and the arts.

When the source being documented forms part of a larger whole, the larger whole can be thought of as a container that holds the source. For example, a short story may be contained in an anthology. The short story is the source, and the anthology is the container.

Manuscripts should follow MLA style as set out in the most recent edition of the MLA Handbook.

Authors must fully cite in the manuscript, at submission, their use of all content (whether text, images, data, or other) created by an AI tool.

Note that a place of publication is no longer required in book citations (see CMOS 14.30).

첫 노트(Yu):

1. Charles Yu, Interior Chinatown (Pantheon Books, 2020), 45.

축약 노트:

2. Yu, Interior Chinatown, 48.

참고문헌:

Yu, Charles. Interior Chinatown. Pantheon Books, 2020.

번역서, 첫 노트(Liu):

1. Liu Xinwu, The Wedding Party, trans. Jeremy Tiang (Amazon Crossing, 2021).

Kindle 소설, 첫 노트(Roy):

1. Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things (Random House, 2008), chap. 6, Kindle.

In-text citations are brief, unobtrusive references that direct readers to the works-cited-list entries for the sources you consulted and, where relevant, to the location in the source being cited.

An in-text citation begins with the shortest piece of information that directs your reader to the entry in the works-cited list. Thus, it begins with whatever comes first in the entry: the author’s name or the title (or description) of the work. The citation can appear in your prose or in parentheses.

All in-text references should be concise. Avoid, for instance, providing the author’s name or title of a work in both your prose and parentheses.

Works Cited:

Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital Communication Media.” PMLA, vol. 128, no. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 193–200.

산문 속 인용:

Naomi Baron broke new ground on the subject.

괄호, 페이지 없음:

At least one researcher has broken new ground on the subject (Baron).

According to Naomi Baron, reading is “just half of literacy. The other half is writing” (194).

Reading is “just half of literacy. The other half is writing” (Baron 194).

단독 저자 도서:

Mantel, Hilary. Wolf Hall. Picador, 2010.

익명 작품, 번역자 명시:

Beowulf. Translated by Alan Sullivan and Timothy Murphy, edited by Sarah Anderson, Pearson, 2004.

편저 비평 선집:

Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M., editor. Mexican Literature in Theory. Bloomsbury, 2018.

Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. 1959. Penguin Books, 2017.

Achebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Penguin Books, 2017. Originally published by McDowell Obolensky, 1959.

The printing of a source should not be indicated in the source’s works-cited-list entry. An edition number, however, can be listed in the Version element according to the MLA format template, as shown in the example below:

공식 판본 예시:

Yeats, W. B. The Collected Poems of W. B. Yeats. 2nd ed., Scribner, 1996.

Use the Version element to specify that the work you are citing is an e-book—that is, a book that lacks a URL and that you use software to read on a personal device or computer.

공식 전자책 표본:

MLA Handbook. 9th ed., e-book ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2021.

When citing an e-book in your text, avoid using device-specific numbering systems.

쪽 번호 없는 전자책의 주:

(ch. 1, n5)

내려받은 오디오북:

Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid’s Tale. Narrated by Claire Danes et al., Audible, 2017. Audiobook.

본문 내 타임스탬프:

(Atwood 01:47:12-29)

스트리밍한 축약 오디오북:

Heaney, Seamus, translator. Beowulf. Narrated by Heaney, audiobook, abridged edition, HighBridge Audio, 2006. Audible.com, www.audible.com/pd/Classics/Beowulf-Audiobook/B002V5CVPY/.

If the poem is short (no longer than a page or its online equivalent), do not cite any number in the text. The page number or web location that appears in the poem’s works-cited-list entry will be specific enough to identify a borrowing from such a short text.

If the poem is longer than a page (or its online equivalent) and is published with explicit numbers marking lines or other parts (e.g., stanzas, cantos, books), cite the line numbers and other part numbers but not page numbers. If lines alone are numbered, use the form “line 57” or “lines 119–20” in the first citation, and cite the line numbers alone, without the label line or lines, in the later citations.

If other parts are numbered as well as lines, combine the numbers without a label. For instance, if books and lines are numbered, “9.19” means book 9, line 19.

If the poem is longer than a page and is not published with explicit numbers marking lines or other parts, cite page numbers (as you would for a work in prose) if the poem is in print. If no page numbers are present (as is often the case online), none can be cited.

선집 속 인쇄 시:

Hemans, Felicia. “The Image in Lava.” The Poetical Works of Mrs. Felicia Hemans, Grigg and Elliot, 1843, p. 318.

연 바꿈을 넣은 문장 속 인용:

“Since here the mournful seal was set / By love and agony! // Temple and tower have mouldered” (lines 3–5).

온라인 시:

Rich, Adrienne. “Diving into the Wreck.” Poets.org, Academy of American Poets, poets.org/poem/diving-wreck. Accessed 29 July 2021.

에필로그를 마지막 막의 일부로 다룸:

Whereas Prospero has relied on magic to create his dramatic illusions throughout The Tempest, in the epilogue he casts the audience in the role of enchanter: “Let me not,” he says, “dwell / In this bare island by your spell” (5.1.323, 325–26).

에필로그를 자체 절로 번호 매김:

At the end of Henry V, the chorus alludes to Henry VI: “Whose state so many had the managing / That they lost France and made his England bleed” (Epilogue, lines 11–12).

Works Cited (Taylor Henry V):

Shakespeare, William. Henry V. Edited by Gary Taylor, Oxford UP, 1982. Oxford Scholarly Editions Online, doi:10.1093/actrade/9780198129127.book.1.

Works Cited (Orgel The Tempest):

Shakespeare, William. The Tempest. Edited by Stephen Orgel, Oxford UP, 1987. Oxford Scholarly Editions Online, doi:10.1093/actrade/9780198129172.book.1.

In Macbeth, Shakespeare often returns to the idea that appearances can be deceiving. After hearing of the death of the traitorous Thane of Cawdor, who had seemed so loyal, Duncan remarks, “There’s no art, / To find the mind’s construction in the face” (54; 1.4).

The edition of Macbeth I used does not provide line numbers. I cite the play by page number followed by act and scene numbers.

Works Cited:

Shakespeare, William. Macbeth. The Plays of William Shakespeare, vol. 10, edited by George Seeves et al., T. Davison, 1813, pp. 11–295.

De Quincey, Thomas. Excerpt from Confessions of an English Opium-Eater. English Romantic Writers, edited by David Perkins, Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1967, pp. 725–30.

Duyckinck, Evert A. “An Intellectual Chowder.” Moby-Dick, by Herman Melville, edited by Harrison Hayford and Hershel Parker, Norton Critical Edition, W. W. Norton, 1967, pp. 613–16. Excerpt from “Melville’s Moby-Dick; or, The Whale,” Literary World, vol. 9, 22 Nov. 1851, pp. 403–04.

Authors of introductions, prefaces, afterwords, and the like—collectively called front and back matter—are not usually essential to identifying a work and can be omitted from works-cited-list entries.

서문 저자가 판본을 식별하는 데 도움이 될 때:

Gogol, Nikolai. Dead Souls: A Novel. Translated by Richard Pevear and Larissa Volkhonsky, introduction by Pevear, Vintage Books, 1996.

제목 뒤에서 대문자인 레이블:

Cervantes, Miguel de. Don Quijote. Translated by Burton Raffel, W. W. Norton, 1999.

컨테이너 제목 뒤에서 소문자인 레이블:

Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Notes from the Underground. Notes from the Underground and The Gambler, translated by Jane Kentish, Oxford UP, 2008, pp. 1–124.

작품 전체, 기여자 칸의 번역자:

Zola, Émile. Germinal. Translated by Roger Pearson, Penguin Books, 2004.

번역자 주에 대한 본문 내 인용:

Zola’s translator explains that the name of the town Le Voreux “suggests the ‘voracious’ nature of the mine” (533n2).

논문이 주를 다루면 번역자를 앞에:

Pearson, Roger, translator. Germinal, by Émile Zola, Penguin Books, 2004.

페이지의 번호 없는 주:

(7n) — 또는 문장에서 주를 밝히고 괄호에는 페이지만 남기세요.

In his Immortality Ode, Wordsworth lamented the loss of “splendor in the grass,” a feeling linked to childhood (qtd. in Kantor 508).

Works Cited (펼친 논문):

Kantor, Jamison. “Immortality, Romanticism, and the Limit of the Liberal Imagination.” PMLA, vol. 133, no. 3, 2018, pp. 508–25.

According to Alexander Pope, “A little learning is a dang’rous thing” (qtd. in Damrosch 239).

As a wise poet once wrote, “A little learning is a dang’rous thing” (Alexander Pope qtd. in Damrosch 239).

Works Cited:

Damrosch, Leopold, Jr. The Imaginative World of Alexander Pope. U of California P, 1987.

If you are quoting three or fewer lines of poetry, run the lines into the text. (Set a poetry quotation off from the text as a block quotation when it is four or more lines long.)