Turabian vs Chicago: 학생 핸드북인가, CMOS 18인가?

Turabian 9 공식 노트(도시는 여전히 필수)

1. Katie Kitamura, A Separation (New York: Riverhead Books, 2017), 25.

CMOS 18 공식 노트(도시 생략)

1. Charles Yu, Interior Chinatown (Pantheon Books, 2020), 45.

• 출판지: 현대 도서에서는 Turabian 9에 필수. CMOS 18(14.30)에서는 생략. 다만 1900년 이전 도서를 장소로 인용할 때는 예외(14.31).
• 노트의 세 저자: Turabian 9에서는 세 이름 모두. CMOS 18(13.23)에서는 첫 저자+et al.
• 참고문헌의 장 페이지: Turabian 9에서는 필수. CMOS 18(14.8)에서는 생략.
• 반복되는 저자 이름: 3-em 대시는 여전히 옛 학생 선택. CMOS 18은 이름을 반복한다(13.72, 13.113).

• 채점하거나 교정하는 사람은 누구인가. 담당 교수, 학위논문 사무소, 학술지, 출판사인가?
• 그 사무소가 문서로 지명하는 책과 판은 무엇인가?
• 노트-참고문헌인가 저자-연도인가 — 둘 다는 아닌가?
• 과제가 "Chicago"라고만 하면 Turabian 9 / CMOS 17 학생 형식이 괜찮은지 물어라.

A MANUAL FOR WRITERS OF RESEARCH PAPERS—also known as “Turabian”—is the gold standard for college and graduate students in virtually all academic areas.

At the heart of Turabian is the idea that, no matter the format, the foundations of good research remain the same: to do it carefully, present it clearly and accurately, and follow academic standards for citation, style, and format.

These two systems are also sometimes referred to as Chicago-style citations, because they are the same as the ones presented in The Chicago Manual of Style.

The notes and bibliography style is popular in the humanities—including literature, history, and the arts.

The author-date style is more common in the physical, natural, and social sciences.

Note that a place of publication is no longer required in book citations (see CMOS 14.30).

The page range for a chapter in a book is no longer required in bibliography entries (see CMOS 14.8).

Up to six authors are now listed in a bibliography or reference list entry; if more than six, only the first three are listed, followed by “et al.” In a note or in an author-date text citation, up to two authors are now listed; if more than two, only the first is listed, followed by “et al.”

A month or season can now usually be omitted in citations of journal articles.

Chicago now prefers repeating the name of the author(s) rather than using a 3-em dash to stand in for repeated names in bibliographies or reference lists.

Turabian 9 노트 가이드

If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the bibliography; in a note, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”).

CMOS 18 Notes-Bibliography Quick Guide

For three or more authors, list up to six in the bibliography; for more than six authors, list the first three, followed by “et al.” (“and others”). In a note, list only the first, followed by “et al.”

The notes and bibliography system, Chicago's oldest and most flexible, can accommodate a wide variety of sources, including unusual ones that don't fit neatly into the author-date system. For this reason, it is preferred by many working in the humanities, including literature, history, and the arts.

Because it credits researchers by name directly in the text while at the same time emphasizing the date of each source, the author-date system is preferred by many in the sciences and social sciences.

Students should check with their instructor before deciding which system to use.

노트

1. Katie Kitamura, A Separation (New York: Riverhead Books, 2017), 25.

축약 노트

3. Kitamura, Separation, 91–92.

참고문헌

Kitamura, Katie. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books, 2017.

노트

2. Sharon Sassler and Amanda Jayne Miller, Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships (Oakland: University of California Press, 2017), 114.

참고문헌

Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017.

노트

1. Charles Yu, Interior Chinatown (Pantheon Books, 2020), 45.

축약 노트

3. Yu, Interior Chinatown, 48.

참고문헌

Yu, Charles. Interior Chinatown. Pantheon Books, 2020.

2인 저자 노트

2. Amy J. Binder and Jeffrey L. Kidder, The Channels of Student Activism: How the Left and Right Are Winning (and Losing) in Campus Politics Today (University of Chicago Press, 2022), 117–18.

2인 저자 참고문헌

Binder, Amy J., and Jeffrey L. Kidder. The Channels of Student Activism: How the Left and Right Are Winning (and Losing) in Campus Politics Today. University of Chicago Press, 2022.

다시 서식한 노트

1. Katie Kitamura, A Separation (Riverhead Books, 2017), 25.

다시 서식한 참고문헌

Kitamura, Katie. A Separation. Riverhead Books, 2017.

Turabian 9 공식 저자-연도

Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.

Turabian 9 공식 본문

(Kitamura 2017, 25)

CMOS 18 공식 저자-연도

Yu, Charles. 2020. Interior Chinatown. Pantheon Books.

CMOS 18 공식 본문

(Yu 2020, 45)

For citing a place rather than a publisher for books published before 1900 (as in the Moby-Dick example below), see CMOS 14.31.

노트

4. Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (New York, 1851), 627, https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

참고문헌

Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York, 1851. https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

노트

2. Shao-Hsun Keng, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem, "Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality," Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

참고문헌

Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. "Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality." Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

저자-연도

(Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)

다시 서식한 노트

2. Shao-Hsun Keng et al., "Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality," Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (2017): 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

다시 서식한 참고문헌

Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. "Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality." Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (2017): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

다시 서식한 저자-연도

(Keng et al. 2017, 9–10)

노트

7. Jesse N. Weber et al., "Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite," American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January 2017): 45, https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.

참고문헌

Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. "Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite." American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January 2017): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.

노트

7. Carl D. Snyder et al., "Extant Life Detection Using Label-Free Video Microscopy in Analog Aquatic Environments," PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): 9–10, e0318239, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318239.

참고문헌

Snyder, Carl D., Manuel Bedrossian, Casey Barr, et al. "Extant Life Detection Using Label-Free Video Microscopy in Analog Aquatic Environments." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): e0318239. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318239.

노트

1. Mary Rowlandson, "The Narrative of My Captivity," in The Making of the American Essay, ed. John D'Agata (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016), 19–20.

참고문헌

Rowlandson, Mary. "The Narrative of My Captivity." In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D'Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016.

노트

1. Kathleen Doyle, "The Queen Mary Psalter," in The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World’s Greatest Invention, ed. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 64.

참고문헌

Doyle, Kathleen. "The Queen Mary Psalter." In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World’s Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press, 2023.

노트

1. Ashley Hope Pérez, "Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau," Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May 2017): 874, https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.

참고문헌

Pérez, Ashley Hope. "Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau." Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May 2017): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.

저자-연도

(Pérez 2017, 874)

노트

1. Hyeyoung Kwon, "Inclusion Work: Children of Immigrants Claiming Membership in Everyday Life," American Journal of Sociology 127, no. 6 (2022): 1842–43, https://doi.org/10.1086/720277.

참고문헌

Kwon, Hyeyoung. "Inclusion Work: Children of Immigrants Claiming Membership in Everyday Life." American Journal of Sociology 127, no. 6 (2022): 1818–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/720277.

저자-연도

(Kwon 2022, 1842–43)

CMOS 18 Author-Date Quick Guide

For dissertations consulted via ProQuest; include the identification number in parenthesis.

Turabian 9 공식 노트

1. Guadalupe Navarro-Garcia, "Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents" (PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016), 44, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Turabian 9 공식 참고문헌

Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. "Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents." PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

CMOS 18 공식 노트

1. Yuna Blajer de la Garza, "A House Is Not a Home: Citizenship and Belonging in Contemporary Democracies" (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2019), 66–67, ProQuest (13865986).

CMOS 18 공식 참고문헌

Blajer de la Garza, Yuna. "A House Is Not a Home: Citizenship and Belonging in Contemporary Democracies." PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2019. ProQuest (13865986).

Alternatively, if a publicly available archive of the content has been saved using the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine or similar service, the link for that version may be cited.

Turabian 9 공식 노트

2. "History," Columbia University, accessed May 15, 2017, http://www.columbia.edu/content/history.html.

CMOS 18 공식 접속일 노트

3. "About Yale: Yale Facts," Yale University, accessed March 8, 2022, https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

CMOS 18 공식 Wayback 노트

3. "About Yale: Yale Facts," Yale University, archived March 8, 2022, at https://web.archive.org/web/20220308143337/https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

Turabian 9 노트 가이드

In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post.

CMOS 18 Notes-Bibliography Quick Guide

In place of a title, quote up to the first 280 characters of the post.

Guidelines are per Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (9th ed.) and are fully compatible with The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.).

Directions from your teacher, instructor, or dissertation office overrule these guidelines.

과제가 "Chicago style"이라고만 하면 이렇게 물으십시오. "Turabian 9판(학생 논문 형식, CMOS 17 인용)을 따를까요, 아니면 The Chicago Manual of Style 18판을 따를까요? 노트-참고문헌과 저자-연도 중 어느 쪽을 원하십니까?"