Turabian与Chicago：学生手册还是CMOS 18？

Turabian 9官方注释（城市仍为必填）

1. Katie Kitamura, A Separation (New York: Riverhead Books, 2017), 25.

CMOS 18官方注释（省略城市）

1. Charles Yu, Interior Chinatown (Pantheon Books, 2020), 45.

• 出版地：现代图书在Turabian 9中为必填；CMOS 18（14.30）省略，除非按地点引用1900年以前的图书（14.31）。
• 注释中的三位作者：Turabian 9写出全部三人；CMOS 18（13.23）为第一作者加et al.
• 参考书目中的章节页码：Turabian 9必填；CMOS 18（14.8）省略。
• 重复的作者姓名：3-em破折号仍是较旧的学生选项；CMOS 18重复姓名（13.72、13.113）。

• 谁评分或审稿：教师、论文办公室、期刊，还是出版社？
• 该办公室书面点名哪一本书、哪一版？
• 脚注-参考书目还是著者-出版年——不能两者兼用？
• 若提示只写“Chicago”，询问Turabian 9 / CMOS 17学生格式是否可接受。

A MANUAL FOR WRITERS OF RESEARCH PAPERS—also known as “Turabian”—is the gold standard for college and graduate students in virtually all academic areas.

At the heart of Turabian is the idea that, no matter the format, the foundations of good research remain the same: to do it carefully, present it clearly and accurately, and follow academic standards for citation, style, and format.

These two systems are also sometimes referred to as Chicago-style citations, because they are the same as the ones presented in The Chicago Manual of Style.

The notes and bibliography style is popular in the humanities—including literature, history, and the arts.

The author-date style is more common in the physical, natural, and social sciences.

Note that a place of publication is no longer required in book citations (see CMOS 14.30).

The page range for a chapter in a book is no longer required in bibliography entries (see CMOS 14.8).

Up to six authors are now listed in a bibliography or reference list entry; if more than six, only the first three are listed, followed by “et al.” In a note or in an author-date text citation, up to two authors are now listed; if more than two, only the first is listed, followed by “et al.”

A month or season can now usually be omitted in citations of journal articles.

Chicago now prefers repeating the name of the author(s) rather than using a 3-em dash to stand in for repeated names in bibliographies or reference lists.

Turabian 9注释指南

If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the bibliography; in a note, list only the first, followed by et al. (“and others”).

CMOS 18 Notes-Bibliography Quick Guide

For three or more authors, list up to six in the bibliography; for more than six authors, list the first three, followed by “et al.” (“and others”). In a note, list only the first, followed by “et al.”

The notes and bibliography system, Chicago's oldest and most flexible, can accommodate a wide variety of sources, including unusual ones that don't fit neatly into the author-date system. For this reason, it is preferred by many working in the humanities, including literature, history, and the arts.

Because it credits researchers by name directly in the text while at the same time emphasizing the date of each source, the author-date system is preferred by many in the sciences and social sciences.

Students should check with their instructor before deciding which system to use.

注释

1. Katie Kitamura, A Separation (New York: Riverhead Books, 2017), 25.

简略注释

3. Kitamura, Separation, 91–92.

参考书目

Kitamura, Katie. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books, 2017.

注释

2. Sharon Sassler and Amanda Jayne Miller, Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships (Oakland: University of California Press, 2017), 114.

参考书目

Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017.

注释

1. Charles Yu, Interior Chinatown (Pantheon Books, 2020), 45.

简略注释

3. Yu, Interior Chinatown, 48.

参考书目

Yu, Charles. Interior Chinatown. Pantheon Books, 2020.

两位作者注释

2. Amy J. Binder and Jeffrey L. Kidder, The Channels of Student Activism: How the Left and Right Are Winning (and Losing) in Campus Politics Today (University of Chicago Press, 2022), 117–18.

两位作者参考书目

Binder, Amy J., and Jeffrey L. Kidder. The Channels of Student Activism: How the Left and Right Are Winning (and Losing) in Campus Politics Today. University of Chicago Press, 2022.

改写后的注释

1. Katie Kitamura, A Separation (Riverhead Books, 2017), 25.

改写后的参考书目

Kitamura, Katie. A Separation. Riverhead Books, 2017.

Turabian 9官方著者-出版年

Kitamura, Katie. 2017. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books.

Turabian 9官方文内

(Kitamura 2017, 25)

CMOS 18官方著者-出版年

Yu, Charles. 2020. Interior Chinatown. Pantheon Books.

CMOS 18官方文内

(Yu 2020, 45)

For citing a place rather than a publisher for books published before 1900 (as in the Moby-Dick example below), see CMOS 14.31.

注释

4. Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (New York, 1851), 627, https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

参考书目

Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York, 1851. https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

注释

2. Shao-Hsun Keng, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem, "Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality," Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

参考书目

Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. "Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality." Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

著者-出版年

(Keng, Lin, and Orazem 2017, 9–10)

改写后的注释

2. Shao-Hsun Keng et al., "Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality," Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (2017): 9–10, https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

改写后的参考书目

Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. "Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality." Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (2017): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.

改写后的著者-出版年

(Keng et al. 2017, 9–10)

注释

7. Jesse N. Weber et al., "Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite," American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January 2017): 45, https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.

参考书目

Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. "Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite." American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January 2017): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.

注释

7. Carl D. Snyder et al., "Extant Life Detection Using Label-Free Video Microscopy in Analog Aquatic Environments," PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): 9–10, e0318239, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318239.

参考书目

Snyder, Carl D., Manuel Bedrossian, Casey Barr, et al. "Extant Life Detection Using Label-Free Video Microscopy in Analog Aquatic Environments." PLOS ONE 20, no. 3 (2025): e0318239. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318239.

注释

1. Mary Rowlandson, "The Narrative of My Captivity," in The Making of the American Essay, ed. John D'Agata (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016), 19–20.

参考书目

Rowlandson, Mary. "The Narrative of My Captivity." In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John D'Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016.

注释

1. Kathleen Doyle, "The Queen Mary Psalter," in The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World’s Greatest Invention, ed. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 64.

参考书目

Doyle, Kathleen. "The Queen Mary Psalter." In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World’s Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press, 2023.

注释

1. Ashley Hope Pérez, "Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau," Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May 2017): 874, https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.

参考书目

Pérez, Ashley Hope. "Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau." Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May 2017): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.

著者-出版年

(Pérez 2017, 874)

注释

1. Hyeyoung Kwon, "Inclusion Work: Children of Immigrants Claiming Membership in Everyday Life," American Journal of Sociology 127, no. 6 (2022): 1842–43, https://doi.org/10.1086/720277.

参考书目

Kwon, Hyeyoung. "Inclusion Work: Children of Immigrants Claiming Membership in Everyday Life." American Journal of Sociology 127, no. 6 (2022): 1818–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/720277.

著者-出版年

(Kwon 2022, 1842–43)

CMOS 18 Author-Date Quick Guide

For dissertations consulted via ProQuest; include the identification number in parenthesis.

Turabian 9官方注释

1. Guadalupe Navarro-Garcia, "Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents" (PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016), 44, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

Turabian 9官方参考书目

Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. "Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents." PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.

CMOS 18官方注释

1. Yuna Blajer de la Garza, "A House Is Not a Home: Citizenship and Belonging in Contemporary Democracies" (PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2019), 66–67, ProQuest (13865986).

CMOS 18官方参考书目

Blajer de la Garza, Yuna. "A House Is Not a Home: Citizenship and Belonging in Contemporary Democracies." PhD diss., University of Chicago, 2019. ProQuest (13865986).

Alternatively, if a publicly available archive of the content has been saved using the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine or similar service, the link for that version may be cited.

Turabian 9官方注释

2. "History," Columbia University, accessed May 15, 2017, http://www.columbia.edu/content/history.html.

CMOS 18官方访问日期注释

3. "About Yale: Yale Facts," Yale University, accessed March 8, 2022, https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

CMOS 18官方Wayback注释

3. "About Yale: Yale Facts," Yale University, archived March 8, 2022, at https://web.archive.org/web/20220308143337/https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

Turabian 9注释指南

In place of a title, quote up to the first 160 characters of the post.

CMOS 18 Notes-Bibliography Quick Guide

In place of a title, quote up to the first 280 characters of the post.

Guidelines are per Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (9th ed.) and are fully compatible with The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.).

Directions from your teacher, instructor, or dissertation office overrule these guidelines.

若提示只写“Chicago style”，请问：“我应遵循Turabian第9版（学生论文格式、CMOS 17引用）还是 The Chicago Manual of Style 第18版？您要脚注-参考书目还是著者-出版年？”