APA 7판으로 심리학 출처를 인용하는 법

학술지 논문(§10.1):

저자, A. A., & 저자, B. B. (연도). 논문 제목. 정기간행물 제목, 권(호), 쪽. https://doi.org/xxxxx

진단 매뉴얼:

American Psychiatric Association. (연도). 매뉴얼 제목 (판). https://doi.org/xxxxx

검사 매뉴얼(§10.11):

저자, A. A., & 저자, B. B. (연도). 검사 제목: 기술 매뉴얼. 출판사.

프리프린트(§10.8):

저자, A. A. (연도). 프리프린트 제목. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/xxxxx

사전 항목(§10.3):

American Psychological Association. (연도). 용어. In APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/term

괄호 본문 인용:

(저자, 연도) 또는 (저자 et al., 연도)

Creating an APA Style Reference List Guide

Reference formats are based on the document type (e.g., journal article, report), not the retrieval method (e.g., online, in print).

같은 유인물, 웹페이지에 관하여

Even if you retrieved a work online, determine what type of document it is. Only cite a work as a webpage or website if no other category fits.

같은 유인물, 저자와 출판사가 같을 때

When the author and the publisher of a work are the same (as in many reports, books, and websites published by group authors), include the group name in the author element and omit it from the source element.

원고 스타일

Manuscripts published in Psychological Science must follow the style of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, with respect to handling of the order of manuscript sections, headings and subheadings, references, abbreviations, and symbols.

몇 개의 출처를 나열할지

Authors are encouraged to cite only the sources that bear on the point directly, and to refrain from extensive parenthetical lists of related materials, keeping in mind that citations are meant to be supportive and not exhaustive.

공식 Common Reference Examples 학술지 논문(2026년 3월 3일):

Niepel, C., Hausen, J. E., Weber, A. M., & Möller, J. (2025). Understanding mean-level and intraindividual variability in state academic self-concept: The role of students’ trait expectancies and values. Journal of Educational Psychology, 117(5), 772–788. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000946

본문(저자 3명 이상, 첫 인용과 이후):

(Niepel et al., 2025)

공식 APA Style 웹사이트 학술지 예(Psychological Review):

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

괄호형:

(McCauley & Christiansen, 2019)

서술형:

McCauley and Christiansen (2019)는 아동 언어를 언어 사용으로 모형화했다.

APA Style, Preprint article references

Ideally, use and cite the final, published version of a work. However, if you used the preprint version of a work, cite that version, as shown in the examples.

공식 Common Reference Examples 프리프린트(읽은 파일이 이것일 때만 인용):

Latimier, A., Peyre, H., & Ramus, F. (2020). A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on retention. PsyArXiv. https://psyarxiv.com/kzy7u/

그 프리프린트의 괄호형:

(Latimier et al., 2020)

이후 공식 학술지(논문을 읽은 뒤에는 이것을 인용):

Latimier, A., Peyre, H., & Ramus, F. (2021). A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on retention. Educational Psychology Review, 33(3), 959–987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09572-8

공식 Common Reference Examples 단행본(§10.2):

Levenson, H., Jinich, S., Vaz, A., & Rousmaniere, T. (2025). Deliberate practice in emotionally focused couple therapy. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000436-000

공식 Common Reference Examples 편저 장(§10.3):

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

공식 Common Reference Examples 사전 항목(§10.3):

American Psychological Association. (2018). Internet addiction. In APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/internet-addiction

APA Style, Diagnostic manual references

References for diagnostic manuals follow the format for books, and references for entries in diagnostic manuals follow the format for edited book chapters.

공식 APA DSM-5-TR 참고문헌:

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

공식 APA DSM-5 참고문헌(2013판):

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

공식 APA DSM-5 장/항목:

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Anxiety disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05

DSM-5-TR 장(같은 편저 장 패턴, 2022판):

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Anxiety disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

공식 APA ICD-11 참고문헌:

World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). https://icd.who.int/

검사, 척도, 인벤토리

To cite a test, scale, or inventory, provide a citation for its supporting literature (e.g., its manual, which may be an authored or edited book, or the journal article in which it was published).

논문 속 검사 제목

Although the test title may be italicized in a reference (e.g., in the name of a manual or when the test itself is cited), in the text, the title of a test should appear in title case in standard (nonitalic) type.

공식 APA 검사 매뉴얼 예:

Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2011). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Technical manual. Pearson.

본문 첫 언급:

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Tellegen & Ben-Porath, 2011)

이후 언급:

MMPI-2-RF scores…

검사 자체를 인용할 때의 공식 APA 예(매뉴얼 없음):

Project Implicit. (n.d.). Gender-Science IAT. https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/takeatest.html

공식 APA PsycTESTS 데이터베이스 레코드:

Alonso-Tapia, J., Nieto, C., Merino-Tejedor, E., Huertas, J. A., & Ruiz, M. (2018). Situated Goals Questionnaire for University Students (SGQ-U, CMS-U) [Database record]. PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t66267-000

공식 APA Ethics Code 참고문헌:

American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code

괄호형, 강령 전체:

(American Psychological Association, 2017)

괄호형, 하나의 기준:

(American Psychological Association, 2017, Standard 8.11)

공식 APA 데이터 세트 예:

O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 36966; Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1

괄호형:

(O’Donohue, 2017)

APA Style, Secondary sources

Cite secondary sources sparingly—for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable, or available only in a language that you do not understand.

같은 페이지, 학술 관행에 관하여

If possible, as a matter of good scholarly practice, find the primary source, read it, and cite it directly rather than citing a secondary source.

입수한 일차 출처(고전 논문):

Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(4), 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040525

Milgram을 읽었을 때의 본문:

(Milgram, 1963) 또는 Milgram (1963)은 …을 밝혔다.

공식 APA 이차 인용 형식:

(Rabbitt, 1982, as cited in Lyon et al., 2014)

APA Style, Retracted journal article

Use this format to cite the retracted article itself, for example, to discuss the contents of the retracted article.

같은 페이지, 괄호에 관하여

First provide publication details of the original article. Then provide information about the retraction in parentheses, including its year, journal, volume, issue, and page number(s).

공식 APA 철회 논문 예:

Joly, J. F., Stapel, D. A., & Lindenberg, S. M. (2008). Silence and table manners: When environments activate norms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(8), 1047–1056. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208318401 (Retraction published 2012, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38[10], 1378)

괄호형:

(Joly et al., 2008)

Publication Manual §8.22

Common software and mobile apps are treated in a similar manner; in most cases, it is sufficient to mention the name of the program or app and the version used (if known) in the text, without providing an in-text citation or reference list entry (see Section 10.10).

Method 안(참고문헌 항목 없음. 판은 본인 것으로 바꾸기):

Analyses were conducted in IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 29) and R (Version 4.4.1).

공식 APA 전문 소프트웨어 예:

Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2014). Comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 3.3.070) [Computer software]. Biostat. https://www.meta-analysis.com/

APA Style, Database information in references

Do not include database information for works obtained from most academic research databases or platforms because works in these resources are widely available.

Creating an APA Style Reference List Guide, 읽었으나 인용하지 않은 출처

If you read a work while doing your literature search but did not end up citing it in the text of your paper, do not include it in the reference list.

APA Style, Paraphrases

Published authors paraphrase their sources most of the time, rather than directly quoting the sources; student authors should emulate this practice by paraphrasing more than directly quoting.