APA 스타일을 언제 쓰는가 (7판)

• 과제, 루브릭, 또는 LMS 제출란이 APA 또는 APA 7판을 지명한다
• 학술지의 Instructions for Authors가 APA Style을 지명한다 — Psychological Science와 AERA 학술지가 그러하다
• 석사 또는 박사 논문 템플릿이 APA 학생 논문이다
• 수업이 심리학, 교육학, 간호학, 사회복지, 상담, 또는 다른 사회·행동과학에 있고 다른 매뉴얼이 지명되지 않았다
• 스타일을 직접 고르라고 했고, 논문이 방법, 데이터, 또는 독자가 연도를 봐야 하는 최근 연구를 보고한다

• 강의계획서가 MLA, Chicago, Turabian, Harvard, ASA, IEEE, AMA, Vancouver, ACS, 또는 Bluebook을 지명한다
• 논문이 문학, 언어, 또는 정독 에세이다 (보통 MLA)
• 논문이 역사학, 미술사, 종교학, 또는 아카이브 작업이다 (보통 시카고 노트)
• 발표처가 AMA 또는 Vancouver를 쓰는 임상·의학 학술지이다
• 발표처가 IEEE Transactions 논문이거나 다른 번호식 공학 스타일이다

APA Style is a set of guidelines for clear and precise scholarly communication that helps authors, both new and experienced, achieve excellence in writing. It is used by millions of people around the world in psychology and also in fields ranging from nursing to social work, communications to education, business to engineering, and other disciplines for the preparation of manuscripts for publication as well as for writing student papers, dissertations, and theses.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Some of your instructors will specify which citation format you should use; others will tell you to choose your own citation format as long as you use it consistently. The most common citation formats are MLA (Modern Language Association) style, which is primarily used for papers in the humanities; APA (American Psychological Association) style, which is primarily used for papers in the social sciences; and Chicago style (The Chicago Manual of Style), which is used for both humanities and social science papers.

Most authors choose the system used by others in their field or required by their publisher. Students should check with their instructor before deciding which system to use.

Manuscripts published in Psychological Science must follow the style of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, with respect to handling of the order of manuscript sections, headings and subheadings, references, abbreviations, and symbols.

For initial submissions, authors may deviate from some of the style requirements (e.g., heading and subheading style, reference format, location of tables and figures). However, invited revisions and final versions of manuscripts must follow APA style.

The style guide for the Review of Educational Research and all AERA journals is the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed., 2020.

Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the AMA Manual of Style, 11th edition, and/or the ICMJE Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals.

노트와 참고문헌:

The notes and bibliography system, Chicago’s oldest and most flexible, can accommodate a wide variety of sources, including unusual ones that don’t fit neatly into the author-date system. For this reason, it is preferred by many working in the humanities, including literature, history, and the arts.

저자-연도:

Because it credits researchers by name directly in the text while at the same time emphasizing the date of each source, the author-date system is preferred by many in the sciences and social sciences.

However, because the scope of what constitutes a student paper is broad and flexible, and because students submit papers to their academic institutions rather than to an APA journal, we do not designate formal requirements for the nature or contents of an APA Style student paper.

Students should follow the guidelines and requirements developed by their instructors, departments, and/or academic institutions when writing papers, including dissertations and theses; these guidelines and requirements may entail adaptations of or additions to the APA Style guidelines described in this manual.

Student papers (e.g., narrative essays, reaction or response papers, literature review papers; see Section 1.10) usually include, at minimum, a title page (see Sections 2.3–2.6), page numbers (see Section 2.18), text (see Section 2.11), and a reference list (see Section 2.12).

Student papers do not typically include a running head, an author note, or an abstract, unless specifically requested by the instructor or institution.

Running heads are required only for manuscripts being submitted for publication. Running heads are not required for student papers unless the instructor or institution requests them; thus, the header for a student paper includes only the page number.

Use the same running head on every page, including the title page; do not include the label "Running head" to identify the running head on any page.

To avoid ambiguity in attribution, use the first person rather than the third person when describing the work you did as part of your research and when expressing your own views.

If you are writing a paper by yourself, use the pronoun “I”; do not use the pronoun “we” to refer to yourself if you do not have coauthors (see also Section 4.17). If you are writing a paper with coauthors, use the pronoun “we.” Do not refer to yourself or your coauthors in the third person as “the author(s)” or “the researcher(s).”

Use the author–date citation system to cite references in the text in APA Style. In this system, each work used in a paper has two parts: an in-text citation and a corresponding reference list entry (see Figure 8.2).

괄호 인용 (§8.11):

Falsely balanced news coverage can distort the public’s perception of expert consensus on an issue (Koehler, 2016).

서술 인용 (§8.11):

Koehler (2016) noted the dangers of falsely balanced news coverage.

참고문헌 목록:

Koehler, D. J. (2016). Can journalistic “false balance” distort public perception of consensus in expert opinion? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 22(1), 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000073

심리 방법론 수업, 강의계획서는 침묵

학과 기본값은 APA 7 학생 논문입니다. 수업명과 마감일이 있는 제목 페이지. 러닝 헤드 없음. Works Cited가 아니라 References. 담당 교수가 과제로 낸 최근 논문과 대조하세요.

심리학 회고록을 다루는 영문학 세미나, 강의계획서는 MLA

MLA 9를 쓰세요. 주제는 심리학이지만, 독자는 쪽 단위 포인터가 필요한 문학 세미나입니다. 분야 관행이 집니다.

Review of Educational Research로 가는 EdD 장

APA 7 인용에 RER 하우스 규칙: 익명 심사 파일, 12포인트 Times New Roman, 대문자 러닝 헤드, 65쪽 상한. 이것은 전문 논문이지, 학생 제목 페이지가 아닙니다.

JAMA 임상시험을 인용하는 간호학 논문

강의계획서가 APA라고 하면 수업 논문은 여전히 APA 7입니다. JAMA 논문 자체는 AMA 11로 준비되었습니다. 임상시험은 APA로 인용하세요. APA 참고문헌 목록에 JAMA 위첨자를 붙이지 마세요.