저자 없는 출처 인용하는 방법

APA 7 공식 저자 누락 표:

Title. (Date). Source.

APA 7 공식 본문 표:

(Title, year)

MLA 9 공식 웹페이지:

"English Language Arts Standards." Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2017, www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/.

MLA 9 공식 본문:

The homily argues that rebelling against the English monarch amounts to rebelling against God (“Homily” 97).

Chicago 18 공식 익명 도서:

1. A True and Sincere Declaration of the Purpose and Ends of the Plantation Begun in Virginia, of the Degrees Which It Hath Received, and Means by Which It Hath Been Advanced (London, 1610).

Chicago 18 웹 주와 참고문헌 목록:

주는 보통 페이지 제목으로 시작합니다. 참고문헌 목록은 소유자가 있으면 여전히 사이트 소유자를 올립니다.

Review a source carefully before deciding that it has no author. It’s important to credit authors for their work.

If a publication issued by an organization, association, commission, or corporation carries no personal author’s name on the title page, the organization is listed as author in the bibliography, even if it is also given as publisher.

저자와 사이트가 같음:

American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Health work environment. https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/work-environment/

특정 기관, 출처에 상위 기관:

National Institute of Nursing Research. (2024, April 12). Exploring the recovery journey of trauma patients. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. https://www.ninr.nih.gov/newsandevents/featured-research/exploring-recovery-journey-trauma-patients

괄호 인용:

(American Nurses Association, n.d.; National Institute of Nursing Research, 2024)

법인 저자, 다른 출판사:

Hart Research Associates. It Takes More Than a Major: Employer Priorities for College Learning and Student Success. Association of American Colleges and Universities, 2013, www.aacu.org/publications-research/periodicals/it-takes-more-major-employer-priorities-college-learning-and.

같은 조직이 저자이자 출판사:

Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America. National Endowment for the Arts, June 2004.

Hart 보고서의 본문:

Eighty percent of employers believe that all college students “should acquire broad knowledge in the liberal arts and sciences” (Hart).

For a missing author, do not use “Anonymous” as the author unless the work is actually signed “Anonymous.” If the work is signed “Anonymous,” use “Anonymous” in the reference and in-text citation.

If the work is not actually signed “Anonymous,” the title moves to the beginning of the reference and is used in place of the author name, as shown in the table.

참고문헌:

Anonymous. (2017). Stories from my time as a spy. Bond Publishers.

괄호 인용:

(Anonymous, 2017)

서술 인용:

Anonymous (2017)

When a work is published without an author’s name, begin the works-cited-list entry with the title of the work. Do not use Anonymous in place of an author’s name:

If the author or editor is unknown, the note or bibliography entry should normally begin with the title. An initial article is ignored in alphabetizing.

Although the use of Anonymous is generally to be avoided for works with no attribution, it may stand in place of the author’s name in a bibliography in which several anonymous works need to be grouped.

참고문헌:

Title. (Date). Source.

괄호 인용:

(Title, year)

서술 인용:

Title (year)

저자와 날짜가 모두 없음:

Title. (n.d.). Source.

In general, the title is italicized for a work that stands alone (e.g., book, report, webpage on a website), and some part of the source is italicized for a work that is part of a greater whole (e.g., journal article, newspaper article).

참고문헌:

Oil painting. (2019, December 8). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oil_painting&oldid=929802398

괄호 인용:

("Oil Painting," 2019)

서술 인용:

"Oil Painting" (2019)

참고문헌(적용 APA 7, 공식 APA 표본 아님):

Why big tech should fear Europe. (2019, March 23). The Economist. https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/03/23/why-big-tech-should-fear-europe

괄호 인용:

("Why Big Tech Should Fear Europe," 2019)

서술 인용:

"Why Big Tech Should Fear Europe" (2019)

웹페이지:

"English Language Arts Standards." Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2017, www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/.

선집 속 무서명 근세 텍스트:

"An Homily against Disobedience and Wylful Rebellion." 1570. Divine Right and Democracy: An Anthology of Political Writing in Stuart England, edited by David Wootton, Penguin Books, 1986, pp. 94–98.

설교의 본문:

The homily argues that rebelling against the English monarch amounts to rebelling against God (“Homily” 97).

작품 인용:

"Why Big Tech Should Fear Europe." The Economist, 23 Mar. 2019, www.economist.com/leaders/2019/03/23/why-big-tech-should-fear-europe.

정기간행물을 지명:

According to The Economist, “[I]f you want to understand where the world’s most powerful industry is heading, look not to Washington and California, but to Brussels and Berlin” (“Why”).

산문과 괄호:

The Modern Language Association recommends formatting a recommended reading list the same way you format a works-cited list (“How”).

작품 인용:

“How Do I Format a Recommended Reading List?” The MLA Style Center, Modern Language Association of America, 20 Mar. 2019, style.mla.org/format-recommended-reading-list/.

In the notes, the title will usually come first (as in the examples above); in a bibliography entry, the source should be listed under the owner or sponsor of the site.

주:

1. A True and Sincere Declaration of the Purpose and Ends of the Plantation Begun in Virginia, of the Degrees Which It Hath Received, and Means by Which It Hath Been Advanced (London, 1610).

참고문헌:

A True and Sincere Declaration of the Purpose and Ends of the Plantation Begun in Virginia, of the Degrees Which It Hath Received, and Means by Which It Hath Been Advanced. London, 1610.

저자-연도 괄호 인용(참고문헌의 첫 요소에서 적용):

(True and Sincere Declaration 1610)

주:

1. [James Hawkes?], A Retrospect of the Boston Tea-Party, with a Memoir of George R. T. Hewes, by a Citizen of New-York (New York, 1834), 128-29.

참고문헌:

[Hawkes, James?]. A Retrospect of the Boston Tea-Party, with a Memoir of George R. T. Hewes. By a Citizen of New-York. New York, 1834.

It is often sufficient simply to describe web pages and other website content in the text (“As of November 15, 2023, Google’s privacy policy stated . . .”).

주:

1. “Privacy Policy,” Privacy & Terms, Google, effective November 15, https://policies.google.com/privacy.

짧은 주:

2. Google, “Privacy Policy.”

참고문헌:

Google. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Effective November 15, 2023. https://policies.google.com/privacy.

저자-연도 참고문헌, Author-Date 가이드의 UTRGV 전재:

Google. 2023. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Effective November 15. https://policies.google.com/privacy.

저자-연도 본문:

(Google 2023)

주, 접근일:

3. “About Yale: Yale Facts,” Yale University, accessed March 8, 2022, https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

주, Wayback Machine:

3. “About Yale: Yale Facts,” Yale University, archived March 8, 2022, at https://web.archive.org/web/20220308143337/https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

참고문헌, 접근일:

Yale University. “About Yale: Yale Facts.” Accessed March 8, 2022. https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/yale-facts.

주:

2. “Wikipedia: Manual of Style,” Wikimedia Foundation, last modified December 19, 2023, 21:54 (UTC), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style.

참고문헌:

Wikimedia Foundation. “Wikipedia: Manual of Style.” Last modified December 19, 2023, at 21:54 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style.