APA第7版で心理学の出典を引用する方法

雑誌論文（§10.1）:

著者, A. A., & 著者, B. B. (年). 論文のタイトル. 定期刊行物のタイトル, 巻(号), ページ. https://doi.org/xxxxx

診断マニュアル:

American Psychiatric Association. (年). マニュアルのタイトル (版). https://doi.org/xxxxx

検査マニュアル（§10.11）:

著者, A. A., & 著者, B. B. (年). 検査のタイトル: 技術マニュアル. 出版社.

プレプリント（§10.8）:

著者, A. A. (年). プレプリントのタイトル. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/xxxxx

辞書項目（§10.3）:

American Psychological Association. (年). 用語. In APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/term

括弧内の本文中引用:

(著者, 年) または (著者 et al., 年)

Creating an APA Style Reference List Guide

Reference formats are based on the document type (e.g., journal article, report), not the retrieval method (e.g., online, in print).

同じハンドアウト、ウェブページについて

Even if you retrieved a work online, determine what type of document it is. Only cite a work as a webpage or website if no other category fits.

同じハンドアウト、著者と出版者が同一のとき

When the author and the publisher of a work are the same (as in many reports, books, and websites published by group authors), include the group name in the author element and omit it from the source element.

原稿のスタイル

Manuscripts published in Psychological Science must follow the style of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, with respect to handling of the order of manuscript sections, headings and subheadings, references, abbreviations, and symbols.

列挙すべき出典の数

Authors are encouraged to cite only the sources that bear on the point directly, and to refrain from extensive parenthetical lists of related materials, keeping in mind that citations are meant to be supportive and not exhaustive.

公式Common Reference Examplesの雑誌論文（2026年3月3日）:

Niepel, C., Hausen, J. E., Weber, A. M., & Möller, J. (2025). Understanding mean-level and intraindividual variability in state academic self-concept: The role of students’ trait expectancies and values. Journal of Educational Psychology, 117(5), 772–788. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000946

本文中（著者3名以上、初出とその後）:

(Niepel et al., 2025)

公式APA Styleウェブサイトの雑誌例（Psychological Review）:

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

括弧内:

(McCauley & Christiansen, 2019)

叙述:

McCauley and Christiansen (2019) は、児童の言語を言語使用としてモデル化した。

APA Style、Preprint article references

Ideally, use and cite the final, published version of a work. However, if you used the preprint version of a work, cite that version, as shown in the examples.

公式Common Reference Examplesのプレプリント（読んだファイルがこれであるときだけ引用）:

Latimier, A., Peyre, H., & Ramus, F. (2020). A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on retention. PsyArXiv. https://psyarxiv.com/kzy7u/

そのプレプリントの括弧内:

(Latimier et al., 2020)

後の公式誌（論文を読んだらこちらを引用）:

Latimier, A., Peyre, H., & Ramus, F. (2021). A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on retention. Educational Psychology Review, 33(3), 959–987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09572-8

公式Common Reference Examplesの単著書（§10.2）:

Levenson, H., Jinich, S., Vaz, A., & Rousmaniere, T. (2025). Deliberate practice in emotionally focused couple therapy. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000436-000

公式Common Reference Examplesの編著の章（§10.3）:

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

公式Common Reference Examplesの辞書項目（§10.3）:

American Psychological Association. (2018). Internet addiction. In APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/internet-addiction

APA Style、Diagnostic manual references

References for diagnostic manuals follow the format for books, and references for entries in diagnostic manuals follow the format for edited book chapters.

公式APAのDSM-5-TR参考文献:

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

公式APAのDSM-5参考文献（2013年版）:

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

公式APAのDSM-5章／項目:

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Anxiety disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05

DSM-5-TRの章（同じ編著章の型、2022年版）:

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Anxiety disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

公式APAのICD-11参考文献:

World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). https://icd.who.int/

検査、尺度、インベントリ

To cite a test, scale, or inventory, provide a citation for its supporting literature (e.g., its manual, which may be an authored or edited book, or the journal article in which it was published).

論文中の検査名

Although the test title may be italicized in a reference (e.g., in the name of a manual or when the test itself is cited), in the text, the title of a test should appear in title case in standard (nonitalic) type.

公式APAの検査マニュアル例:

Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2011). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Technical manual. Pearson.

本文中の初出:

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Tellegen & Ben-Porath, 2011)

その後の言及:

MMPI-2-RF scores…

検査そのものを引用する公式APA例（マニュアルなし）:

Project Implicit. (n.d.). Gender-Science IAT. https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/takeatest.html

公式APAのPsycTESTSデータベースレコード:

Alonso-Tapia, J., Nieto, C., Merino-Tejedor, E., Huertas, J. A., & Ruiz, M. (2018). Situated Goals Questionnaire for University Students (SGQ-U, CMS-U) [Database record]. PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t66267-000

公式APA Ethics Code参考文献:

American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code

括弧内、綱領全体:

(American Psychological Association, 2017)

括弧内、一つの基準:

(American Psychological Association, 2017, Standard 8.11)

公式APAのデータセット例:

O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 36966; Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1

括弧内:

(O’Donohue, 2017)

APA Style、Secondary sources

Cite secondary sources sparingly—for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable, or available only in a language that you do not understand.

同じページ、学術的慣行について

If possible, as a matter of good scholarly practice, find the primary source, read it, and cite it directly rather than citing a secondary source.

入手した一次資料（古典論文）:

Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(4), 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040525

Milgramを読んだときの本文中:

(Milgram, 1963) または Milgram (1963) は……と報告した。

公式APAの二次引用形:

(Rabbitt, 1982, as cited in Lyon et al., 2014)

APA Style、Retracted journal article

Use this format to cite the retracted article itself, for example, to discuss the contents of the retracted article.

同じページ、括弧について

First provide publication details of the original article. Then provide information about the retraction in parentheses, including its year, journal, volume, issue, and page number(s).

公式APAの撤回論文例:

Joly, J. F., Stapel, D. A., & Lindenberg, S. M. (2008). Silence and table manners: When environments activate norms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(8), 1047–1056. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208318401 (Retraction published 2012, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38[10], 1378)

括弧内:

(Joly et al., 2008)

Publication Manual §8.22

Common software and mobile apps are treated in a similar manner; in most cases, it is sufficient to mention the name of the program or app and the version used (if known) in the text, without providing an in-text citation or reference list entry (see Section 10.10).

Methodの中（参考文献リスト項目なし。版は自分のものに置き換える）:

Analyses were conducted in IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 29) and R (Version 4.4.1).

公式APAの専門ソフトウェア例:

Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2014). Comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 3.3.070) [Computer software]. Biostat. https://www.meta-analysis.com/

APA Style、Database information in references

Do not include database information for works obtained from most academic research databases or platforms because works in these resources are widely available.

Creating an APA Style Reference List Guide、未引用の出典

If you read a work while doing your literature search but did not end up citing it in the text of your paper, do not include it in the reference list.

APA Style、Paraphrases

Published authors paraphrase their sources most of the time, rather than directly quoting the sources; student authors should emulate this practice by paraphrasing more than directly quoting.