如何用APA第7版引用心理学来源

期刊文章（§10.1）：

作者, A. A., & 作者, B. B. (年份). 文章标题. 期刊名, 卷(期), 页码. https://doi.org/xxxxx

诊断手册：

American Psychiatric Association. (年份). 手册标题 (版次). https://doi.org/xxxxx

测验手册（§10.11）：

作者, A. A., & 作者, B. B. (年份). 测验标题: 技术手册. 出版社.

预印本（§10.8）：

作者, A. A. (年份). 预印本标题. PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/xxxxx

词典词条（§10.3）：

American Psychological Association. (年份). 词条. In APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/term

括号文内引用：

(作者, 年份) 或 (作者 et al., 年份)

Creating an APA Style Reference List Guide

Reference formats are based on the document type (e.g., journal article, report), not the retrieval method (e.g., online, in print).

同一讲义，关于网页

Even if you retrieved a work online, determine what type of document it is. Only cite a work as a webpage or website if no other category fits.

同一讲义，当作者等于出版者

When the author and the publisher of a work are the same (as in many reports, books, and websites published by group authors), include the group name in the author element and omit it from the source element.

稿件体例

Manuscripts published in Psychological Science must follow the style of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, with respect to handling of the order of manuscript sections, headings and subheadings, references, abbreviations, and symbols.

应列出多少来源

Authors are encouraged to cite only the sources that bear on the point directly, and to refrain from extensive parenthetical lists of related materials, keeping in mind that citations are meant to be supportive and not exhaustive.

官方Common Reference Examples期刊文章（2026年3月3日）：

Niepel, C., Hausen, J. E., Weber, A. M., & Möller, J. (2025). Understanding mean-level and intraindividual variability in state academic self-concept: The role of students’ trait expectancies and values. Journal of Educational Psychology, 117(5), 772–788. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000946

文内（3位及以上作者，首次及此后引用）：

(Niepel et al., 2025)

官方APA Style网站期刊示例（Psychological Review）：

McCauley, S. M., & Christiansen, M. H. (2019). Language learning as language use: A cross-linguistic model of child language development. Psychological Review, 126(1), 1–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

括号式：

(McCauley & Christiansen, 2019)

叙述式：

McCauley and Christiansen (2019) 将儿童语言建模为语言使用。

APA Style，Preprint article references

Ideally, use and cite the final, published version of a work. However, if you used the preprint version of a work, cite that version, as shown in the examples.

官方Common Reference Examples预印本（仅当你读的是该文件时引用）：

Latimier, A., Peyre, H., & Ramus, F. (2020). A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on retention. PsyArXiv. https://psyarxiv.com/kzy7u/

该预印本的括号式：

(Latimier et al., 2020)

后来的正式期刊（读过文章后改引此条）：

Latimier, A., Peyre, H., & Ramus, F. (2021). A meta-analytic review of the benefit of spacing out retrieval practice episodes on retention. Educational Psychology Review, 33(3), 959–987. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-020-09572-8

官方Common Reference Examples专著（§10.2）：

Levenson, H., Jinich, S., Vaz, A., & Rousmaniere, T. (2025). Deliberate practice in emotionally focused couple therapy. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000436-000

官方Common Reference Examples编著章节（§10.3）：

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

官方Common Reference Examples词典词条（§10.3）：

American Psychological Association. (2018). Internet addiction. In APA dictionary of psychology. https://dictionary.apa.org/internet-addiction

APA Style，Diagnostic manual references

References for diagnostic manuals follow the format for books, and references for entries in diagnostic manuals follow the format for edited book chapters.

官方APA DSM-5-TR参考文献：

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

官方APA DSM-5参考文献（2013年版）：

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

官方APA DSM-5章节/条目：

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Anxiety disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm05

DSM-5-TR章节（同一编著章节模式，2022年版）：

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Anxiety disorders. In Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

官方APA ICD-11参考文献：

World Health Organization. (2019). International statistical classification of diseases and related health problems (11th ed.). https://icd.who.int/

测验、量表与清单

To cite a test, scale, or inventory, provide a citation for its supporting literature (e.g., its manual, which may be an authored or edited book, or the journal article in which it was published).

论文中的测验名称

Although the test title may be italicized in a reference (e.g., in the name of a manual or when the test itself is cited), in the text, the title of a test should appear in title case in standard (nonitalic) type.

官方APA测验手册示例：

Tellegen, A., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (2011). Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Technical manual. Pearson.

正文首次提及：

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Tellegen & Ben-Porath, 2011)

此后提及：

MMPI-2-RF scores…

官方APA在引用测验本身时的示例（无手册）：

Project Implicit. (n.d.). Gender-Science IAT. https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/takeatest.html

官方APA PsycTESTS数据库记录：

Alonso-Tapia, J., Nieto, C., Merino-Tejedor, E., Huertas, J. A., & Ruiz, M. (2018). Situated Goals Questionnaire for University Students (SGQ-U, CMS-U) [Database record]. PsycTESTS. https://doi.org/10.1037/t66267-000

官方APA Ethics Code参考文献：

American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical principles of psychologists and code of conduct (2002, amended effective June 1, 2010, and January 1, 2017). https://www.apa.org/ethics/code

括号式，整部守则：

(American Psychological Association, 2017)

括号式，一条标准：

(American Psychological Association, 2017, Standard 8.11)

官方APA数据集示例：

O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 36966; Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1

括号式：

(O’Donohue, 2017)

APA Style，Secondary sources

Cite secondary sources sparingly—for instance, when the original work is out of print, unavailable, or available only in a language that you do not understand.

同一页，关于学术规范

If possible, as a matter of good scholarly practice, find the primary source, read it, and cite it directly rather than citing a secondary source.

你检索到的一手来源（经典文章）：

Milgram, S. (1963). Behavioral study of obedience. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67(4), 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040525

你读过Milgram时的文内形式：

(Milgram, 1963) 或 Milgram (1963) 发现……

官方APA二次引用形式：

(Rabbitt, 1982, as cited in Lyon et al., 2014)

APA Style，Retracted journal article

Use this format to cite the retracted article itself, for example, to discuss the contents of the retracted article.

同一页，关于括号

First provide publication details of the original article. Then provide information about the retraction in parentheses, including its year, journal, volume, issue, and page number(s).

官方APA已撤稿文章示例：

Joly, J. F., Stapel, D. A., & Lindenberg, S. M. (2008). Silence and table manners: When environments activate norms. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34(8), 1047–1056. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167208318401 (Retraction published 2012, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38[10], 1378)

括号式：

(Joly et al., 2008)

Publication Manual §8.22

Common software and mobile apps are treated in a similar manner; in most cases, it is sufficient to mention the name of the program or app and the version used (if known) in the text, without providing an in-text citation or reference list entry (see Section 10.10).

在Method中（无参考文献条目；把版本换成你的）：

Analyses were conducted in IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 29) and R (Version 4.4.1).

官方APA专业软件示例：

Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2014). Comprehensive meta-analysis (Version 3.3.070) [Computer software]. Biostat. https://www.meta-analysis.com/

APA Style，Database information in references

Do not include database information for works obtained from most academic research databases or platforms because works in these resources are widely available.

Creating an APA Style Reference List Guide，未引用的来源

If you read a work while doing your literature search but did not end up citing it in the text of your paper, do not include it in the reference list.

APA Style，Paraphrases

Published authors paraphrase their sources most of the time, rather than directly quoting the sources; student authors should emulate this practice by paraphrasing more than directly quoting.