VancouverとAMAで医学資料を引用する方法

AMA 11の雑誌論文:

Author AA, Author BB. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal. Year;volume(issue):pages. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx

Vancouverの雑誌論文（NLM見本）:

Author AA, Author BB. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal. Year Mon Day;volume(issue):pages.

文中のAMA:

Solid-organ transplantation in selected patients with HIV infection has been reported.¹

文中のICMJE Vancouver:

Solid-organ transplantation in selected patients with HIV infection has been reported (1).

et al.の前の著者:

AMA: 1～6名を列挙。6名超なら最初の3名 + et al. Vancouverの見本: 最初の6名 + et al. MEDLINE/PubMedはいま全著者を列挙します。その表示は原稿の規則ではありません。

ICMJE Recommendations

References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in parentheses.

ICMJE、雑誌名について

The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used for MEDLINE.

ICMJE、NLMの形式について

References should follow the standards summarized in the NLM's Sample References webpage and detailed in the NLM's Citing Medicine, 2nd edition.

National Library of Medicine（Samplesページ、最終見直し2026年6月2日）

The recommended style for references is based on the National Information Standards Organization NISO Z39.29-2005 (R2010) Bibliographic References as adapted by the National Library of Medicine for its databases.

ICMJE、抄録と論文について

References should be made to published articles rather than to abstracts whenever possible.

ICMJE、捕食的雑誌について

Authors should avoid citing articles in predatory or pseudo-journals.

ICMJE、正確さについて

Authors are responsible for citing references accurately and should be able to attest that the references cited support the associated statement.

Number references in the order they appear in the text; do not alphabetize. In text, tables, and legends, identify references with superscript arabic numerals. When listing references, follow AMA style and abbreviate names of journals according to the journals list in PubMed. List all authors and/or editors up to 6; if more than 6, list the first 3 followed by "et al." Note: Journal references should include the issue number in parentheses after the volume number.

References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in accordance with the sequence established by the first identification in the text of the particular table or figure.

AMA:

Solid-organ transplantation in selected patients with HIV infection has been reported.¹ Later reviews reused the same number.¹

ICMJE Vancouver:

Solid-organ transplantation in selected patients with HIV infection has been reported (1). Later reviews reused the same number (1).

よくある雑誌のVancouver変種:

Reported [1]. / Reported.¹

複数の出典:

AMA: ^1,3 または ^1-3。ICMJE: (1,3) または (1-3)。

List the first six authors, followed by et al. If there are more than six authors, list the first six authors, followed by et al. (Note: NLM now lists all authors.)

AMA 11:

1. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(4):284-287.

Vancouver（NLM見本、号あり）:

1. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.

Vancouver（NLMの任意の短縮形）:

1. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:284-7.

Vancouver（NLM見本、最初の6名 + et al.）:

2. Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-6.

AMA 11（同じ論文、最初の3名 + et al.）:

2. Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-46.

JAMA Network Openの作業例（ハウスリストにDOIなし）:

3. Youngster I, Russell GH, Pindar C, Ziv-Baran T, Sauk J, Hohmann EL. Oral, capsulized, frozen fecal microbiota transplantation for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection. JAMA. 2014;312(17):1772-1778.

AMA 11（同じYoungster論文、最後の要素としてDOIを追加）:

3. Youngster I, Russell GH, Pindar C, Ziv-Baran T, Sauk J, Hohmann EL. Oral, capsulized, frozen fecal microbiota transplantation for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection. JAMA. 2014;312(17):1772-1778. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.13875

AMA 11（Obama、JAMA 2016; PMID 27400401）:

4. Obama B. United States health care reform: progress to date and next steps. JAMA. 2016;316(5):525-532. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.9797

AMA 11（Wang et al.、e-locator）:

5. Wang G, Hu FB, Mistry KB, et al. Association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and plasma folate concentrations with child metabolic health. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(8):e160845. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0845

AMA 11（WMA、JAMA 2013）:

6. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191-2194. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281053

AMA 11（執筆委員会）:

7. Writing Committee for the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Panretinal photocoagulation vs intravitreous ranibizumab for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. JAMA. 2015;314(20):2137-2146. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.15217

Vancouver（NLMの組織著者見本）:

6. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679-86.

Vancouver（NLMの個人＋組織見本）:

7. Vallancien G, Emberton M, Harving N, van Moorselaar RJ; Alf-One Study Group. Sexual dysfunction in 1,274 European men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2003;169(6):2257-61.

Vancouver（NLM #4、著者なし）:

21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ. 2002;325(7357):184.

When listing references, follow AMA style and abbreviate names of journals according to the journals list in PubMed.

Vancouver（NLM見本）:

Zhang M, Holman CD, Price SD, Sanfilippo FM, Preen DB, Bulsara MK. Comorbidity and repeat admission to hospital for adverse drug reactions in older adults: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009 Jan 7;338:a2752. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2752. PubMed PMID: 19129307; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2615549.

NLM #18、印刷に先立つ電子公開:

Yu WM, Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Qu CK. Immortalization of yolk sac-derived precursor cells. Blood. 2002 Nov 15;100(10):3828-31. Epub 2002 Jul 5.

NLM #6、増刊付きの巻:

Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with short- and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison with sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9.

NLM #17、公表された正誤表のある論文:

Malinowski JM, Bolesta S. Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a critical review. Clin Ther. 2000;22(10):1151-68; discussion 1149-50. Erratum in: Clin Ther. 2001;23(2):309.

NLM #5、英語以外の論文:

Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin- og jusstudenter. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122(8):785-7. Norwegian.

NLM #5の任意の翻訳（MEDLINE/PubMedの慣行）:

Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. [Disease anxiety among medical students and law students]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Mar 20;122(8):785-7. Norwegian.

NLM #36、インターネット上の雑誌論文:

Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts in an advisory role. Am J Nurs [Internet]. 2002 Jun [cited 2002 Aug 12];102(6):[about 1 p.]. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/ajnonline/Fulltext/2002/06000/Quality_Improvement_Initiative_in_Nursing_Homes.31.aspx Subscription required.

ADA自身の推奨形式:

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 6. Glycemic goals, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemic crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care 2026;49(Suppl. 1):S132–S149

AMA 11（同じ章、DOI付き）:

8. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 6. Glycemic goals, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemic crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(suppl 1):S132-S149. doi:10.2337/dc26-S006

印刷の添付文書:

Lamasil. Package insert. Sandoz Pharmaceutics Corporation; 1993.

オンラインの処方情報（USCの使い残しアクセス日）:

Lovenox. Prescribing information. sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC. Accessed April 15, 2020. https://products.sanofi.us/Lovenox/Lovenox.pdf

同じSanofi PDF、2026年10月9日アクセス（2025年5月改訂）:

Lovenox. Prescribing information. sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC. Accessed October 9, 2026. https://products.sanofi.us/Lovenox/Lovenox.pdf

2026年10月9日に開いたDailyMed記録:

Lovenox. Prescribing information. sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC. Revised May 2025. Accessed October 9, 2026. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=5017a927-2a24-4f27-89f9-27c805bf7d59

Cochrane自身の推奨形式:

Shepherd E, Grivell RM. Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD012129. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012129.pub3.

AMA 11:

9. Shepherd E, Grivell RM. Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;(7):CD012129. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012129.pub3

Vancouver（PubMed / NLMの句読点）:

9. Shepherd E, Grivell RM. Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 24;7(7):CD012129. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012129.pub3.

Vancouver:

10. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021 Mar 29;372:n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71.

AMA 11:

10. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. doi:10.1136/bmj.n71

CONSORT 2025（BMJ 2025;389:e081123; PMID 40228833）:

11. Hopewell S, Chan AW, Collins GS, Hróbjartsson A, Moher D, Schulz KF, et al. CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. BMJ. 2025;389:e081123. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2024-081123.

AMA 11（同じCONSORT論文）:

11. Hopewell S, Chan AW, Collins GS, et al. CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. BMJ. 2025;389:e081123. doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-081123

Framingham 1961（MEDLINE PMID 13751193）:

12. Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Kagan A, Revotskie N, Stokes J. Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease--six year follow-up experience. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1961;55:33-50.

Vancouver（NLMの書籍見本）:

13. Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.

Vancouver（NLMの章見本）:

13. Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

AMA 11（公式の編集書籍）:

13. Mullany P, Roberts AP, eds. Clostridium difficile: Methods and Protocols. Humana Press; 2010.

NLMの使い残し対応（Trachtenberg + NCT00065988）:

14. Trachtenberg F, Maserejian NN, Soncini JA, Hayes C, Tavares M. Does fluoride in compomers prevent future caries in children? J Dent Res. 2009 Mar;88(3):276-9. PubMed PMID: 19329464. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00065988.

NCT00065988の現行ClinicalTrials.gov記録（2026年10月9日に開いた）:

The Children's Amalgam Trial: Health Effects of Dental Amalgams in Children. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00065988. Accessed October 9, 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00065988

AMA 11（PHAGOBURN; AMA Style Insider / ECUによる§3.15の再述）:

Evaluation of phage therapy for the treatment of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections in burned patients (PHAGOBURN). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02116010. Updated July 23, 2015. Accessed October 13, 2016. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02116010

同じPHAGOBURN記録、2026年10月9日に開いた現行URL:

Evaluation of phage therapy for the treatment of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections in burned patients (PHAGOBURN). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02116010. Accessed October 9, 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02116010

ICMJE、プレプリントの参照

When preprints are cited in submitted manuscripts or published articles, the citation should clearly indicate that the reference is a preprint.

ICMJE、後の雑誌論文があるとき

When a preprint article has been subsequently published in a peer-reviewed journal, authors should cite the subsequent published article rather than the preprint article whenever appropriate.

AMA 11（Bloss et al.、bioRxiv）:

15. Bloss CS, Wineinger NE, Peters M, et al. A prospective randomized trial examining health care utilization in individuals using multiple smartphone-enabled biosensors. Preprint. Posted online October 28, 2015. bioRxiv 029983. doi:10.1101/029983

Vancouver（NLM見本）:

15. Bar DZ, Atkatsh K, Tavarez U, Erdos MR, Gruenbaum Y, Collins FS. Biotinylation by antibody recognition- A novel method for proximity labeling. BioRxiv 069187 [Preprint]. 2016 [cited 2017 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/069187v1

NLM #43、データセット（Citing Medicine形式）:

RxNorm [dataset on the Internet]. April 4, 2016 Full Monthly Release. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2016 Apr 4 [cited 2016 Apr 18]. Available from: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/rxnormfiles.html

NLM #43、データセット（簡略形式）:

RxNorm [dataset]. April 4, 2016 Full Monthly Release. 2016 Apr 4 [cited 2016 Apr 18]. Available from: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/rxnormfiles.html

NLM #44、ソフトウェア（簡略形式）:

Hayes B, Tesar B, Zurow K. OTSoft: Optimality Theory Software. Version 2.3.2 [software]. 2013 Jan 14 [cited 2015 Feb 14]. Available from: https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes/otsoft/.

ICMJE、Use of AI by Authors

Referencing AI-generated material as the primary source is not acceptable.

ICMJE、著者資格について

Chatbots (such as ChatGPT) and other AI-assisted tools should not be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work, and these responsibilities are required for authorship (see Section II.A.1).

ICMJE、開示について

Authors who use such technology should describe, in both the cover letter and the submitted work in the appropriate section if applicable, how they used it (see Sections II.A.3 and Section IV.A.3.d).

Authors are responsible for checking that none of the references cite retracted articles except in the context of referring to the retraction. For articles published in journals indexed in MEDLINE, the ICMJE considers PubMed the authoritative source for information about retractions.

NLM #15、撤回された論文:

16. Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(12):909-11. Retraction in: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169.

NLM #14、撤回を含む論文:

16. Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169. Retraction of: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(12):909-11.