Vancouver対APA：医学・保健にはどの引用スタイルか

Vancouver本文中（ICMJE）:

本文、表、説明文中の出典は、括弧内のアラビア数字で示す: (1) または (1-3)。

Vancouverの後からの再利用:

同じ出典は同じ番号を保つ: 再び (1) であり、新しい番号ではない。

APA 7括弧内（§8.11）:

(Grady et al., 2019)

APA 7叙述（§8.11）:

Grady et al. (2019)

Vancouver雑誌論文の型（NLM sample 1）:

Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.

APA 7雑誌論文の型（Style Center §10.1）:

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

ICMJE Recommendations

References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in parentheses.

ICMJE、雑誌名について

The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used for MEDLINE.

ICMJE、書式について

References should follow the standards summarized in the NLM's Sample References webpage and detailed in the NLM's Citing Medicine, 2nd edition.

NLM Samples of Formatted References

The recommended style for references is based on the National Information Standards Organization NISO Z39.29-2005 (R2010) Bibliographic References as adapted by the National Library of Medicine for its databases.

APA Style author–dateページ

Use the author–date citation system to cite references in the text in APA Style. In this system, each work used in a paper has two parts: an in-text citation and a corresponding reference list entry.

Vancouver本文中:

Halpern and colleagues (1) argue that asymptomatic HIV-positive patients should be considered for transplantation; later notes reuse (1).

Vancouver参考文献（NLM sample 1、標準雑誌論文）:

1. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.

APA 7本文中:

Halpern et al. (2002) argue that asymptomatic HIV-positive patients should be considered for transplantation (Halpern et al., 2002, p. 284).

APA 7参考文献（同じ論文、APA §10.1）:

Halpern, S. D., Ubel, P. A., & Caplan, A. L. (2002). Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. The New England Journal of Medicine, 347(4), 284–287. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb020632

ICMJE、表と図

References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in accordance with the sequence established by the first identification in the text of the particular table or figure.

ICMJE、電子参考文献

Journals vary on whether they ask authors to cite electronic references within parentheses in the text or in numbered references following the text. Authors should consult with the journal to which they plan to submit their work.

BMJ Author Hub、本文中の記号

References cited in the text should be presented in square brackets [6] or superscripts. Parentheses (6) should be used for in-line lists

複数の出典（ICMJE括弧）:

2件の試験と1件のレビューがその所見を支持する (1-3)。非連続の番号は (1,3,5) と書く。

同じ出典を上付きにした場合（よくあるハウススタイルであり、ICMJE本文ではない）:

2件の試験と1件のレビューがその所見を支持する。^1-3

括弧内:

(Grady et al., 2019)

叙述:

Grady et al. (2019)

2名の著者、括弧内対叙述:

(Halpern & Ubel, 2002) would apply only if those were the sole authors; Halpern, Ubel, and Caplan become Halpern et al.

APA Style、基本原則:

Each work cited must appear in the reference list, and each work in the reference list must be cited in the text (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix).

NLM sample 1、6名超の著者

List the first six authors, followed by et al. If there are more than six authors, list the first six authors, followed by et al. (Note: NLM now lists all authors.):

NLM公式の7名以上の見本:

Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-6.

BMJ Author Hub、著者の打ち切り

The first three authors are listed by last name and initials, with additional authors acknowledged by the use of 'et al' if applicable.

BMJ Author Hub印刷雑誌の見本:

Koziol-Mclain J, Brand D, Morgan D, et al. Measuring injury risk factors: question reliability in a statewide sample. Inj Prev 2000;6:148–50.

同じ打ち切りの考え方に対するAPA 7:

APA 7では7名でも全員を列挙する。省略記号は21名以上でのみ現れる: 最初の19名、次に …、次に最後の著者。

標準雑誌論文（NLM sample 1）:

Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.

任意の連続ページ形（同じ見本）:

Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:284-7.

組織が著者（NLM sample 2）:

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679-86.

DOI付き論文（NLM sample 36、任意のMEDLINE形）:

Zhang M, Holman CD, Price SD, Sanfilippo FM, Preen DB, Bulsara MK. Comorbidity and repeat admission to hospital for adverse drug reactions in older adults: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009 Jan 7;338:a2752. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2752. PubMed PMID: 19129307; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2615549.

APA §10.1（Grady et al., 2019、Style Center）:

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

同じHalpern論文をAPA 7で:

Halpern, S. D., Ubel, P. A., & Caplan, A. L. (2002). Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. The New England Journal of Medicine, 347(4), 284–287. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb020632

Vancouver / NLM sample 19（個人著者）:

Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.

Vancouver / NLM sample 23（章）:

Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

APA 7公式の書籍例（Style Center、§10.2）:

Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

Vancouver DOI（NLMの表記）:

doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2752

APA 7 DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2752

Vancouver無著者の公式見本（NLM sample 4）:

21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ. 2002;325(7357):184.

APA 7無著者の型（センテンスケースのタイトルが先）:

21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. (2002). BMJ, 325(7357), 184.

ICMJE、未刊行とpersonal communication

References to papers accepted but not yet published should be designated as "in press" or "forthcoming." Information from manuscripts submitted but not accepted should be cited in the text as "unpublished observations" with written permission from the source.

ICMJE、personal communication

Avoid citing a "personal communication" unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text.

ICMJE、生成AI

Referencing AI-generated material as the primary source is not acceptable.

ICMJE、撤回

For articles published in journals indexed in MEDLINE, the ICMJE considers PubMed the authoritative source for information about retractions.

ICMJE、プレプリント

When preprints are cited, the citation should clearly indicate that the reference is a preprint (also see Section III.D.3).

NLM公式プレプリント見本（item 34）:

Alvarez R. Near optimal neural network estimator for spectral x-ray photon counting data with pileup. arXiv:1702.01006v1 [Preprint]. 2017 [cited 2017 Feb 9]: [11 p.]. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.01006

Psychological Science（2026年6月23日更新）

Manuscripts published in Psychological Science must follow the style of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, with respect to handling of the order of manuscript sections, headings and subheadings, references, abbreviations, and symbols.

Journal of Nursing Education

Manuscripts should be prepared following the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, and spelling should reflect Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary.

BMJ Author Hub

BMJ formats references using Vancouver style; references are sequentially numbered within the text of the main document and match the reference list at the end of the article.