Vancouver 대 APA: 의학·보건에는 어떤 인용 스타일인가

Vancouver 본문(ICMJE):

본문, 표, 설명의 출처는 괄호 안 아라비아 숫자로 표시합니다: (1) 또는 (1-3).

Vancouver 이후 재사용:

같은 출처는 같은 번호를 유지합니다: 다시 (1)이며, 새 번호가 아닙니다.

APA 7 괄호식(§8.11):

(Grady et al., 2019)

APA 7 서술식(§8.11):

Grady et al. (2019)

Vancouver 학술지 논문 패턴(NLM sample 1):

Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.

APA 7 학술지 논문 패턴(Style Center §10.1):

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

ICMJE Recommendations

References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in parentheses.

ICMJE, 학술지 제목에 대해

The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used for MEDLINE.

ICMJE, 형식에 대해

References should follow the standards summarized in the NLM's Sample References webpage and detailed in the NLM's Citing Medicine, 2nd edition.

NLM Samples of Formatted References

The recommended style for references is based on the National Information Standards Organization NISO Z39.29-2005 (R2010) Bibliographic References as adapted by the National Library of Medicine for its databases.

APA Style author–date 페이지

Use the author–date citation system to cite references in the text in APA Style. In this system, each work used in a paper has two parts: an in-text citation and a corresponding reference list entry.

Vancouver 본문:

Halpern and colleagues (1) argue that asymptomatic HIV-positive patients should be considered for transplantation; later notes reuse (1).

Vancouver 참고문헌(NLM sample 1, 표준 학술지 논문):

1. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.

APA 7 본문:

Halpern et al. (2002) argue that asymptomatic HIV-positive patients should be considered for transplantation (Halpern et al., 2002, p. 284).

APA 7 참고문헌(같은 논문, APA §10.1):

Halpern, S. D., Ubel, P. A., & Caplan, A. L. (2002). Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. The New England Journal of Medicine, 347(4), 284–287. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb020632

ICMJE, 표와 그림

References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in accordance with the sequence established by the first identification in the text of the particular table or figure.

ICMJE, 전자 참고문헌

Journals vary on whether they ask authors to cite electronic references within parentheses in the text or in numbered references following the text. Authors should consult with the journal to which they plan to submit their work.

BMJ Author Hub, 본문 표시

References cited in the text should be presented in square brackets [6] or superscripts. Parentheses (6) should be used for in-line lists

여러 출처(ICMJE 괄호):

두 건의 시험과 한 건의 리뷰가 그 결과를 지지한다 (1-3). 비연속 번호는 (1,3,5)로 쓴다.

같은 출처를 위첨자로(흔한 하우스 스타일, ICMJE 본문 아님):

두 건의 시험과 한 건의 리뷰가 그 결과를 지지한다.^1-3

괄호식:

(Grady et al., 2019)

서술식:

Grady et al. (2019)

저자 두 명, 괄호식 대 서술식:

(Halpern & Ubel, 2002) would apply only if those were the sole authors; Halpern, Ubel, and Caplan become Halpern et al.

APA Style, 기본 원칙:

Each work cited must appear in the reference list, and each work in the reference list must be cited in the text (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix).

NLM sample 1, 여섯 명 초과 저자

List the first six authors, followed by et al. If there are more than six authors, list the first six authors, followed by et al. (Note: NLM now lists all authors.):

NLM 공식 7명 이상 샘플:

Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-6.

BMJ Author Hub, 저자 끊기

The first three authors are listed by last name and initials, with additional authors acknowledged by the use of 'et al' if applicable.

BMJ Author Hub 인쇄 학술지 샘플:

Koziol-Mclain J, Brand D, Morgan D, et al. Measuring injury risk factors: question reliability in a statewide sample. Inj Prev 2000;6:148–50.

같은 끊기 아이디어에 대한 APA 7:

APA 7에서는 일곱 명도 전부 나열한다. 줄임표는 21명 이상에서만 나타난다: 처음 19명, 그다음 …, 그다음 마지막 저자.

표준 학술지 논문(NLM sample 1):

Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.

선택적 연속 쪽매김 형식(같은 샘플):

Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:284-7.

단체 저자(NLM sample 2):

Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679-86.

DOI가 있는 논문(NLM sample 36 선택 MEDLINE 형식):

Zhang M, Holman CD, Price SD, Sanfilippo FM, Preen DB, Bulsara MK. Comorbidity and repeat admission to hospital for adverse drug reactions in older adults: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009 Jan 7;338:a2752. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2752. PubMed PMID: 19129307; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2615549.

APA §10.1 (Grady et al., 2019, Style Center):

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

같은 Halpern 논문을 APA 7로:

Halpern, S. D., Ubel, P. A., & Caplan, A. L. (2002). Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. The New England Journal of Medicine, 347(4), 284–287. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb020632

Vancouver / NLM sample 19(개인 저자):

Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.

Vancouver / NLM sample 23(장):

Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

APA 7 공식 도서 예(Style Center, §10.2):

Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

Vancouver DOI(NLM 표기):

doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2752

APA 7 DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2752

Vancouver 무저자 공식 샘플(NLM sample 4):

21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ. 2002;325(7357):184.

APA 7 무저자 패턴(문장 대소문자 제목이 먼저):

21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. (2002). BMJ, 325(7357), 184.

ICMJE, 미간행과 personal communication

References to papers accepted but not yet published should be designated as "in press" or "forthcoming." Information from manuscripts submitted but not accepted should be cited in the text as "unpublished observations" with written permission from the source.

ICMJE, personal communication

Avoid citing a "personal communication" unless it provides essential information not available from a public source, in which case the name of the person and date of communication should be cited in parentheses in the text.

ICMJE, 생성 AI

Referencing AI-generated material as the primary source is not acceptable.

ICMJE, 철회

For articles published in journals indexed in MEDLINE, the ICMJE considers PubMed the authoritative source for information about retractions.

ICMJE, 프리프린트

When preprints are cited, the citation should clearly indicate that the reference is a preprint (also see Section III.D.3).

NLM 공식 프리프린트 샘플(item 34):

Alvarez R. Near optimal neural network estimator for spectral x-ray photon counting data with pileup. arXiv:1702.01006v1 [Preprint]. 2017 [cited 2017 Feb 9]: [11 p.]. Available from: https://arxiv.org/abs/1702.01006

Psychological Science(2026년 6월 23일 갱신)

Manuscripts published in Psychological Science must follow the style of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, with respect to handling of the order of manuscript sections, headings and subheadings, references, abbreviations, and symbols.

Journal of Nursing Education

Manuscripts should be prepared following the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, and spelling should reflect Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary.

BMJ Author Hub

BMJ formats references using Vancouver style; references are sequentially numbered within the text of the main document and match the reference list at the end of the article.