Vancouver와 AMA로 의학 자료를 인용하는 방법

AMA 11 학술지 논문:

Author AA, Author BB. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal. Year;volume(issue):pages. doi:10.xxxx/xxxxx

Vancouver 학술지 논문(NLM 표본):

Author AA, Author BB. Title of article. Abbreviated Journal. Year Mon Day;volume(issue):pages.

문장의 AMA:

Solid-organ transplantation in selected patients with HIV infection has been reported.¹

문장의 ICMJE Vancouver:

Solid-organ transplantation in selected patients with HIV infection has been reported (1).

et al. 앞의 저자:

AMA: 1–6명을 나열합니다. 6명 초과면 처음 3명 + et al. Vancouver 표본: 처음 6명 + et al. MEDLINE/PubMed는 이제 모든 저자를 나열합니다. 그 표시는 원고 규칙이 아닙니다.

ICMJE Recommendations

References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text. Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in parentheses.

ICMJE, 학술지명에 대해

The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used for MEDLINE.

ICMJE, NLM 형식에 대해

References should follow the standards summarized in the NLM's Sample References webpage and detailed in the NLM's Citing Medicine, 2nd edition.

National Library of Medicine (Samples 페이지, 최종 검토 2026년 6월 2일)

The recommended style for references is based on the National Information Standards Organization NISO Z39.29-2005 (R2010) Bibliographic References as adapted by the National Library of Medicine for its databases.

ICMJE, 초록과 논문에 대해

References should be made to published articles rather than to abstracts whenever possible.

ICMJE, 약탈적 학술지에 대해

Authors should avoid citing articles in predatory or pseudo-journals.

ICMJE, 정확성에 대해

Authors are responsible for citing references accurately and should be able to attest that the references cited support the associated statement.

Number references in the order they appear in the text; do not alphabetize. In text, tables, and legends, identify references with superscript arabic numerals. When listing references, follow AMA style and abbreviate names of journals according to the journals list in PubMed. List all authors and/or editors up to 6; if more than 6, list the first 3 followed by "et al." Note: Journal references should include the issue number in parentheses after the volume number.

References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in accordance with the sequence established by the first identification in the text of the particular table or figure.

AMA:

Solid-organ transplantation in selected patients with HIV infection has been reported.¹ Later reviews reused the same number.¹

ICMJE Vancouver:

Solid-organ transplantation in selected patients with HIV infection has been reported (1). Later reviews reused the same number (1).

흔한 학술지 Vancouver 변종:

Reported [1]. / Reported.¹

여러 출처:

AMA: ^1,3 또는 ^1-3. ICMJE: (1,3) 또는 (1-3).

List the first six authors, followed by et al. If there are more than six authors, list the first six authors, followed by et al. (Note: NLM now lists all authors.)

AMA 11:

1. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(4):284-287.

Vancouver (NLM 표본, 호 포함):

1. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.

Vancouver (NLM 선택적 짧은 형식):

1. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:284-7.

Vancouver (NLM 표본, 처음 6명 + et al.):

2. Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-6.

AMA 11 (같은 논문, 처음 3명 + et al.):

2. Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, et al. Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-46.

JAMA Network Open 작업 예(하우스 목록에 DOI 없음):

3. Youngster I, Russell GH, Pindar C, Ziv-Baran T, Sauk J, Hohmann EL. Oral, capsulized, frozen fecal microbiota transplantation for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection. JAMA. 2014;312(17):1772-1778.

AMA 11 (같은 Youngster 논문, 마지막 요소로 DOI 추가):

3. Youngster I, Russell GH, Pindar C, Ziv-Baran T, Sauk J, Hohmann EL. Oral, capsulized, frozen fecal microbiota transplantation for relapsing Clostridium difficile infection. JAMA. 2014;312(17):1772-1778. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.13875

AMA 11 (Obama, JAMA 2016; PMID 27400401):

4. Obama B. United States health care reform: progress to date and next steps. JAMA. 2016;316(5):525-532. doi:10.1001/jama.2016.9797

AMA 11 (Wang et al., e-locator):

5. Wang G, Hu FB, Mistry KB, et al. Association between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and plasma folate concentrations with child metabolic health. JAMA Pediatr. 2016;170(8):e160845. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2016.0845

AMA 11 (WMA, JAMA 2013):

6. World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310(20):2191-2194. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281053

AMA 11 (집필위원회):

7. Writing Committee for the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network. Panretinal photocoagulation vs intravitreous ranibizumab for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. JAMA. 2015;314(20):2137-2146. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.15217

Vancouver (NLM 기관 저자 표본):

6. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension. 2002;40(5):679-86.

Vancouver (NLM 개인 + 기관 표본):

7. Vallancien G, Emberton M, Harving N, van Moorselaar RJ; Alf-One Study Group. Sexual dysfunction in 1,274 European men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2003;169(6):2257-61.

Vancouver (NLM #4, 저자 없음):

21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ. 2002;325(7357):184.

When listing references, follow AMA style and abbreviate names of journals according to the journals list in PubMed.

Vancouver (NLM 표본):

Zhang M, Holman CD, Price SD, Sanfilippo FM, Preen DB, Bulsara MK. Comorbidity and repeat admission to hospital for adverse drug reactions in older adults: retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009 Jan 7;338:a2752. doi: 10.1136/bmj.a2752. PubMed PMID: 19129307; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2615549.

NLM #18, 인쇄에 앞선 전자 공개:

Yu WM, Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Qu CK. Immortalization of yolk sac-derived precursor cells. Blood. 2002 Nov 15;100(10):3828-31. Epub 2002 Jul 5.

NLM #6, 부록이 있는 권:

Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with short- and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison with sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9.

NLM #17, 출판된 정오표가 있는 논문:

Malinowski JM, Bolesta S. Rosiglitazone in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a critical review. Clin Ther. 2000;22(10):1151-68; discussion 1149-50. Erratum in: Clin Ther. 2001;23(2):309.

NLM #5, 영어가 아닌 논문:

Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin- og jusstudenter. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122(8):785-7. Norwegian.

NLM #5 선택적 번역(MEDLINE/PubMed 관행):

Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. [Disease anxiety among medical students and law students]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002 Mar 20;122(8):785-7. Norwegian.

NLM #36, 인터넷 학술지 논문:

Abood S. Quality improvement initiative in nursing homes: the ANA acts in an advisory role. Am J Nurs [Internet]. 2002 Jun [cited 2002 Aug 12];102(6):[about 1 p.]. Available from: https://journals.lww.com/ajnonline/Fulltext/2002/06000/Quality_Improvement_Initiative_in_Nursing_Homes.31.aspx Subscription required.

ADA 자체 권장 형식:

American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 6. Glycemic goals, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemic crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care 2026;49(Suppl. 1):S132–S149

AMA 11 (같은 장, DOI 포함):

8. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee for Diabetes. 6. Glycemic goals, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemic crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026. Diabetes Care. 2026;49(suppl 1):S132-S149. doi:10.2337/dc26-S006

인쇄 첨부문서:

Lamasil. Package insert. Sandoz Pharmaceutics Corporation; 1993.

온라인 처방 정보(USC에 남은 접근일):

Lovenox. Prescribing information. sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC. Accessed April 15, 2020. https://products.sanofi.us/Lovenox/Lovenox.pdf

같은 Sanofi PDF, 2026년 10월 9일 접근(2025년 5월 개정):

Lovenox. Prescribing information. sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC. Accessed October 9, 2026. https://products.sanofi.us/Lovenox/Lovenox.pdf

2026년 10월 9일에 연 DailyMed 기록:

Lovenox. Prescribing information. sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC. Revised May 2025. Accessed October 9, 2026. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=5017a927-2a24-4f27-89f9-27c805bf7d59

Cochrane 자체 권장 형식:

Shepherd E, Grivell RM. Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2020, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD012129. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012129.pub3.

AMA 11:

9. Shepherd E, Grivell RM. Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;(7):CD012129. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012129.pub3

Vancouver (PubMed / NLM 구두점):

9. Shepherd E, Grivell RM. Aspirin (single dose) for perineal pain in the early postpartum period. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 24;7(7):CD012129. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012129.pub3.

Vancouver:

10. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021 Mar 29;372:n71. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n71.

AMA 11:

10. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. doi:10.1136/bmj.n71

CONSORT 2025 (BMJ 2025;389:e081123; PMID 40228833):

11. Hopewell S, Chan AW, Collins GS, Hróbjartsson A, Moher D, Schulz KF, et al. CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. BMJ. 2025;389:e081123. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2024-081123.

AMA 11 (같은 CONSORT 논문):

11. Hopewell S, Chan AW, Collins GS, et al. CONSORT 2025 statement: updated guideline for reporting randomised trials. BMJ. 2025;389:e081123. doi:10.1136/bmj-2024-081123

Framingham 1961 (MEDLINE PMID 13751193):

12. Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Kagan A, Revotskie N, Stokes J. Factors of risk in the development of coronary heart disease--six year follow-up experience. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1961;55:33-50.

Vancouver (NLM 도서 표본):

13. Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.

Vancouver (NLM 장 표본):

13. Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

AMA 11 (공식 편집 도서):

13. Mullany P, Roberts AP, eds. Clostridium difficile: Methods and Protocols. Humana Press; 2010.

NLM에 남은 짝(Trachtenberg + NCT00065988):

14. Trachtenberg F, Maserejian NN, Soncini JA, Hayes C, Tavares M. Does fluoride in compomers prevent future caries in children? J Dent Res. 2009 Mar;88(3):276-9. PubMed PMID: 19329464. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number: NCT00065988.

NCT00065988의 현행 ClinicalTrials.gov 기록(2026년 10월 9일에 연 것):

The Children's Amalgam Trial: Health Effects of Dental Amalgams in Children. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00065988. Accessed October 9, 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT00065988

AMA 11 (PHAGOBURN; AMA Style Insider / ECU의 §3.15 재진술):

Evaluation of phage therapy for the treatment of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections in burned patients (PHAGOBURN). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02116010. Updated July 23, 2015. Accessed October 13, 2016. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02116010

같은 PHAGOBURN 기록, 2026년 10월 9일에 연 현행 URL:

Evaluation of phage therapy for the treatment of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infections in burned patients (PHAGOBURN). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02116010. Accessed October 9, 2026. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02116010

ICMJE, 프리프린트 참조

When preprints are cited in submitted manuscripts or published articles, the citation should clearly indicate that the reference is a preprint.

ICMJE, 이후 학술지 논문이 있을 때

When a preprint article has been subsequently published in a peer-reviewed journal, authors should cite the subsequent published article rather than the preprint article whenever appropriate.

AMA 11 (Bloss et al., bioRxiv):

15. Bloss CS, Wineinger NE, Peters M, et al. A prospective randomized trial examining health care utilization in individuals using multiple smartphone-enabled biosensors. Preprint. Posted online October 28, 2015. bioRxiv 029983. doi:10.1101/029983

Vancouver (NLM 표본):

15. Bar DZ, Atkatsh K, Tavarez U, Erdos MR, Gruenbaum Y, Collins FS. Biotinylation by antibody recognition- A novel method for proximity labeling. BioRxiv 069187 [Preprint]. 2016 [cited 2017 Jan 12]. Available from: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/069187v1

NLM #43, 데이터세트(Citing Medicine 형식):

RxNorm [dataset on the Internet]. April 4, 2016 Full Monthly Release. Bethesda (MD): U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2016 Apr 4 [cited 2016 Apr 18]. Available from: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/rxnormfiles.html

NLM #43, 데이터세트(간소화 형식):

RxNorm [dataset]. April 4, 2016 Full Monthly Release. 2016 Apr 4 [cited 2016 Apr 18]. Available from: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/umls/rxnorm/docs/rxnormfiles.html

NLM #44, 소프트웨어(간소화 형식):

Hayes B, Tesar B, Zurow K. OTSoft: Optimality Theory Software. Version 2.3.2 [software]. 2013 Jan 14 [cited 2015 Feb 14]. Available from: https://linguistics.ucla.edu/people/hayes/otsoft/.

ICMJE, Use of AI by Authors

Referencing AI-generated material as the primary source is not acceptable.

ICMJE, 저자 자격에 대해

Chatbots (such as ChatGPT) and other AI-assisted tools should not be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work, and these responsibilities are required for authorship (see Section II.A.1).

ICMJE, 공개에 대해

Authors who use such technology should describe, in both the cover letter and the submitted work in the appropriate section if applicable, how they used it (see Sections II.A.3 and Section IV.A.3.d).

Authors are responsible for checking that none of the references cite retracted articles except in the context of referring to the retraction. For articles published in journals indexed in MEDLINE, the ICMJE considers PubMed the authoritative source for information about retractions.

NLM #15, 철회된 논문:

16. Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(12):909-11. Retraction in: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169.

NLM #14, 철회를 담은 논문:

16. Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. Safety and tolerability of a rapidly escalating dose-loading regimen for risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002;63(2):169. Retraction of: Feifel D, Moutier CY, Perry W. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(12):909-11.