كيفية الاستشهاد بكتاب دراسي

APA 7، كتاب دراسي بمؤلف:

المؤلف, A. A. (السنة). عنوان الكتاب الدراسي: عنوان فرعي (4th ed.). الناشر. https://doi.org/xxxxx

APA 7، فصل في كتاب دراسي محرَّر:

المؤلف, A. A. (السنة). عنوان الفصل. In E. E. المحرر & F. F. المحرر (Eds.), عنوان الكتاب الدراسي (4th ed., pp. 115–129). الناشر. https://doi.org/xxxxx

MLA 9، كتاب دراسي بمؤلف:

اسم العائلة, الاسم الأول. عنوان الكتاب الدراسي: عنوان فرعي. 4th ed., الناشر, السنة.

MLA 9، مقال أو فصل في كتاب دراسي محرَّر:

اسم العائلة, الاسم الأول. "عنوان الفصل." عنوان الكتاب الدراسي, edited by الاسم الأول اسم العائلة, 4th ed., الناشر, السنة, pp. 115–29.

هامش Chicago 18:

1. الاسم الأول اسم العائلة, عنوان الكتاب الدراسي, 2nd ed. (الناشر, السنة), 92.

قائمة مراجع Chicago 18:

اسم العائلة, الاسم الأول. عنوان الكتاب الدراسي. 2nd ed. الناشر, السنة.

Chicago 18 author-date:

اسم العائلة, الاسم الأول. السنة. عنوان الكتاب الدراسي. 2nd ed. الناشر.

Provide the author, year of publication, title, and publisher of the book. Use the same format for both print books and ebooks.

Use the same formats for both print books and ebooks. For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g., Kindle) is not included in the reference.

Use the copyright date shown on the book’s copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.

Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.

If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.

Do not include the publisher location.

If the ebook is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.

Does the book have an edition or volume number? If so, include the number in parentheses after the title but before the period. If both, show edition first and volume second, separated by a comma. Do not put a period between the title and the parenthetical information.

Does the book have a DOI? Include a DOI if available. Do not include a URL or database information for works from academic research databases. Include a URL for ebooks from other websites. Do not put a period after the DOI or URL.

Write the word “In” and the initials and last name (not inverted) of each editor. Use “(Ed.)” for one editor or “(Eds.)” for multiple editors. End with a comma.

المرجع:

Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

بين قوسين:

(Jackson, 2019)

سردي:

Jackson (2019)

فصل من كتاب ذي مؤلف، الصيغة الرسمية لـ Style Center:

(McEwen & Wills, 2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

Do not create references for chapters of authored books. Instead, write a reference for the whole authored book and cite the chapter in the text if desired.

Include any edition information in the same parentheses as the page range of the chapter, separated with a comma.

For ebook chapters without pagination, omit the page range from the reference (as in the Thestrup example).

المرجع (Dillard, 2020)، الطبعة الرابعة مع الصفحات:

Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.

بين قوسين:

(Dillard, 2020)

سردي:

Dillard (2020)

لا تكتب:

(Oliver et al., 2020) — المحررون لم يكتبوا الفصل الذي تستشهد به

المرجع (Zeleke et al., 2020)، Common Reference Examples:

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

بين قوسين:

(Zeleke et al., 2020)

المرجع (Thestrup, 2010)، فصل كتاب إلكتروني بلا صفحات:

Thestrup, K. (2010). To transform, to communicate, to play—The experimenting community in action. In E. Hygum & P. M. Pedersen (Eds.), Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/?id=192

Unlike an edited book, where each chapter has unique authors, usually you expect an authored book to have the same author(s) throughout. Thus, citing a chapter of an edited book is common, but as a general rule, citing chapters from authored books is not.

This is true whether the chapters were written by the book’s authors or an outside contributor who isn’t given cover credit.

To avoid potential confusion, the simplest solution is to cite the book as you would any other authored book, which is a reference format that readers can immediately recognize, but to add any additional information in the text.

المرجع (DeMarco & Healey-Walsh, 2020):

DeMarco, R. F., & Healey-Walsh, J. (2020). Community and public health nursing: Evidence for practice (3rd ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

المرجع (McEwen & Wills, 2023):

McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2023). Theoretical basis for nursing (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

استشهادات بين قوسين:

(DeMarco & Healey-Walsh, 2020; McEwen & Wills, 2023)

استشهادات سردية:

DeMarco and Healey-Walsh (2020) and McEwen and Wills (2023)

اقتباس مباشر من Melinda Oberleitner، فصل ضيف:

Formal leaders are appointed by official or legislative authority. Informal leaders derive power through influence and, in reality, may be more important to staff or groups than the formal, appointed, or designated leaders

كيف تستشهد المدونة بتلك الجملة:

(McEwen & Wills, 2023, Chapter 16, p. 369)

محدِّد فصل الكتاب ذي المؤلف في Style Center (إعادة طبع 2014):

(McEwen & Wills, 2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

الصيغة السردية لمحدِّد Style Center:

McEwen and Wills (2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

As the following example from the MLA Handbook demonstrates, a Norton Critical Edition should be listed in the “Version” slot (107):

Use the Version element to specify that the work you are citing is an e-book—that is, a book that lacks a URL and that you use software to read on a personal device or computer.

When citing an e-book in your text, avoid using device-specific numbering systems.

If you are citing an article from an electronic version of a textbook that does not have page numbers, do not provide page numbers in your entry, because there are no page numbers to give. Do not provide location numbers, because they can vary depending on the device.

قائمة الأعمال (Wollstonecraft, Norton Critical Edition, 3rd ed.):

Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Edited by Deidre Shauna Lynch, Norton Critical Edition, 3rd ed., W. W. Norton, 2009.

في النص:

(Wollstonecraft)

قائمة الأعمال (MLA Handbook كتاب إلكتروني):

MLA Handbook. 9th ed., e-book ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2021.

قائمة الأعمال (MLA Handbook الطبعة 8 EPUB، حين تختلف الصيغ):

MLA Handbook. 8th ed., e-book ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2016. EPUB.

في النص لكتاب إلكتروني بلا صفحات ثابتة:

استشهد بفصل أو قسم، لا بموقع Kindle

قائمة الأعمال (Marche في Barnet et al.):

Marche, Stephen. "Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?" Current Issues and Enduring Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument, with Readings, 11th ed., e-book, edited by Sylvan Barnet et al., Bedford / St. Martin's, 2017.

في النص:

(Marche)

إذا ظهر المقال نفسه لاحقًا بصفحات ناشر:

أضف نطاق الصفحات واحذف e-book إن استخدمت نسخة ذات صفحات

قائمة الأعمال، الكتاب المحرَّر كله:

Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M., editor. Mexican Literature in Theory. Bloomsbury, 2018.

في النص:

(Sánchez Prado)

Treat CD, DVD, online, and other digital materials that accompany a print textbook as you would any other work in MLA style: follow the MLA format template and start your entry with the author and title of the materials or a description in place of a title.

قائمة الأعمال، مرافق صوتي (Paden):

Lessons, Readings, and Songs to Accompany An Introduction to Old Occitan. Lessons and readings by William D. Paden, songs performed by Elizabeth Aubrey. An Introduction to Old Occitan, by Paden, Modern Language Association of America, 1998. Audio CD.

Note that a place of publication is no longer required in book citations (see CMOS 14.30).

The page range for a chapter in a book is no longer required in bibliography entries (see CMOS 14.8). In a note, cite specific pages as applicable.

The page range for a chapter in a book is no longer required in reference list entries (see CMOS 14.8). In the text, cite specific pages as applicable.

To cite a book consulted online, include either a URL or the name of the database. For downloadable ebook formats, name the format; if no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the note (or simply omit). For citing a place rather than a publisher for books published before 1900 (as in the Moby-Dick example below), see CMOS 14.31.

الهامش الأول (Borel, 2nd ed., EBSCOhost):

1. Brooke Borel, The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking, 2nd ed. (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 92, EBSCOhost.

الهامش المختصر:

2. Borel, Fact-Checking, 104–5.

قائمة المراجع:

Borel, Brooke. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press, 2023. EBSCOhost.

الهامش الأول (Booth et al., 5th ed.):

1. Wayne C. Booth et al., The Craft of Research, 5th ed. (University of Chicago Press, 2024).

قائمة المراجع:

Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Joseph Bizup, and William T. FitzGerald. The Craft of Research. 5th ed. University of Chicago Press, 2024.

الهامش الأول:

1. Kathleen Doyle, "The Queen Mary Psalter," in The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, ed. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 64.

الهامش المختصر:

2. Doyle, "Queen Mary Psalter," 65.

قائمة المراجع (بلا نطاق فصل):

Doyle, Kathleen. "The Queen Mary Psalter." In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press, 2023.

هامش، الكتاب المحرَّر كله:

3. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin, eds., The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention (University of Chicago Press, 2023).

قائمة المراجع، الكتاب المحرَّر كله:

Marks, P. J. M., and Stephen Parkin, eds. The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention. University of Chicago Press, 2023.

قائمة المراجع (Borel):

Borel, Brooke. 2023. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press. EBSCOhost.

في النص:

(Borel 2023, 92)

قائمة المراجع (Doyle):

Doyle, Kathleen. 2023. "The Queen Mary Psalter." In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press.

في النص:

(Doyle 2023, 64)

هامش (Roy, Kindle، بلا صفحات ثابتة):

1. Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things (Random House, 2008), chap. 6, Kindle.

في النص بنظام author-date (Roy):

(Roy 2008, chap. 6)