如何引用教材

APA 7，独著教材：

作者, A. A. (年份). 教材标题：副标题 (4th ed.). 出版社. https://doi.org/xxxxx

APA 7，编著教材中的一章：

作者, A. A. (年份). 章节标题. In E. E. 编者 & F. F. 编者 (Eds.), 教材标题 (4th ed., pp. 115–129). 出版社. https://doi.org/xxxxx

MLA 9，独著教材：

姓, 名. 教材标题：副标题. 4th ed., 出版社, 年份.

MLA 9，编著教材中的文章或章节：

姓, 名. "章节标题." 教材标题, edited by 名 姓, 4th ed., 出版社, 年份, pp. 115–29.

Chicago 18 注释：

1. 名 姓, 教材标题, 2nd ed. (出版社, 年份), 92.

Chicago 18 文献表：

姓, 名. 教材标题. 2nd ed. 出版社, 年份.

Chicago 18 author-date：

姓, 名. 年份. 教材标题. 2nd ed. 出版社.

Provide the author, year of publication, title, and publisher of the book. Use the same format for both print books and ebooks.

Use the same formats for both print books and ebooks. For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g., Kindle) is not included in the reference.

Use the copyright date shown on the book’s copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.

Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.

If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.

Do not include the publisher location.

If the ebook is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.

Does the book have an edition or volume number? If so, include the number in parentheses after the title but before the period. If both, show edition first and volume second, separated by a comma. Do not put a period between the title and the parenthetical information.

Does the book have a DOI? Include a DOI if available. Do not include a URL or database information for works from academic research databases. Include a URL for ebooks from other websites. Do not put a period after the DOI or URL.

Write the word “In” and the initials and last name (not inverted) of each editor. Use “(Ed.)” for one editor or “(Eds.)” for multiple editors. End with a comma.

参考文献：

Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

括号引用：

(Jackson, 2019)

叙述性引用：

Jackson (2019)

独著图书的章节，官方 Style Center 形式：

(McEwen & Wills, 2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

Do not create references for chapters of authored books. Instead, write a reference for the whole authored book and cite the chapter in the text if desired.

Include any edition information in the same parentheses as the page range of the chapter, separated with a comma.

For ebook chapters without pagination, omit the page range from the reference (as in the Thestrup example).

参考文献（Dillard, 2020），第四版加页码：

Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.

括号引用：

(Dillard, 2020)

叙述性引用：

Dillard (2020)

不要写成：

(Oliver et al., 2020) — 编者并没有写你正在引用的那一章

参考文献（Zeleke et al., 2020），Common Reference Examples：

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

括号引用：

(Zeleke et al., 2020)

参考文献（Thestrup, 2010），无页码的电子书章节：

Thestrup, K. (2010). To transform, to communicate, to play—The experimenting community in action. In E. Hygum & P. M. Pedersen (Eds.), Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/?id=192

Unlike an edited book, where each chapter has unique authors, usually you expect an authored book to have the same author(s) throughout. Thus, citing a chapter of an edited book is common, but as a general rule, citing chapters from authored books is not.

This is true whether the chapters were written by the book’s authors or an outside contributor who isn’t given cover credit.

To avoid potential confusion, the simplest solution is to cite the book as you would any other authored book, which is a reference format that readers can immediately recognize, but to add any additional information in the text.

参考文献（DeMarco & Healey-Walsh, 2020）：

DeMarco, R. F., & Healey-Walsh, J. (2020). Community and public health nursing: Evidence for practice (3rd ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

参考文献（McEwen & Wills, 2023）：

McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2023). Theoretical basis for nursing (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

括号引用：

(DeMarco & Healey-Walsh, 2020; McEwen & Wills, 2023)

叙述性引用：

DeMarco and Healey-Walsh (2020) and McEwen and Wills (2023)

客座章节 Melinda Oberleitner 的直接引语：

Formal leaders are appointed by official or legislative authority. Informal leaders derive power through influence and, in reality, may be more important to staff or groups than the formal, appointed, or designated leaders

博文引用该句的方式：

(McEwen & Wills, 2023, Chapter 16, p. 369)

Style Center 独著章节定位符（2014年重印）：

(McEwen & Wills, 2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

Style Center 定位符的叙述形式：

McEwen and Wills (2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

As the following example from the MLA Handbook demonstrates, a Norton Critical Edition should be listed in the “Version” slot (107):

Use the Version element to specify that the work you are citing is an e-book—that is, a book that lacks a URL and that you use software to read on a personal device or computer.

When citing an e-book in your text, avoid using device-specific numbering systems.

If you are citing an article from an electronic version of a textbook that does not have page numbers, do not provide page numbers in your entry, because there are no page numbers to give. Do not provide location numbers, because they can vary depending on the device.

作品引用文献（Wollstonecraft，Norton Critical Edition，3rd ed.）：

Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Edited by Deidre Shauna Lynch, Norton Critical Edition, 3rd ed., W. W. Norton, 2009.

文内：

(Wollstonecraft)

作品引用文献（MLA Handbook 电子书）：

MLA Handbook. 9th ed., e-book ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2021.

作品引用文献（MLA Handbook 第8版 EPUB，当格式不同时）：

MLA Handbook. 8th ed., e-book ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2016. EPUB.

没有稳定页码的电子书文内引用：

引用章节或小节，不要用 Kindle 位置编号

作品引用文献（Barnet et al. 中的 Marche）：

Marche, Stephen. "Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?" Current Issues and Enduring Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument, with Readings, 11th ed., e-book, edited by Sylvan Barnet et al., Bedford / St. Martin's, 2017.

文内：

(Marche)

若同一篇文章后来出现出版社页码：

若你用的是有页码的副本，就补上页码范围并去掉 e-book

作品引用文献，整本编著：

Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M., editor. Mexican Literature in Theory. Bloomsbury, 2018.

文内：

(Sánchez Prado)

Treat CD, DVD, online, and other digital materials that accompany a print textbook as you would any other work in MLA style: follow the MLA format template and start your entry with the author and title of the materials or a description in place of a title.

作品引用文献，音频配套（Paden）：

Lessons, Readings, and Songs to Accompany An Introduction to Old Occitan. Lessons and readings by William D. Paden, songs performed by Elizabeth Aubrey. An Introduction to Old Occitan, by Paden, Modern Language Association of America, 1998. Audio CD.

Note that a place of publication is no longer required in book citations (see CMOS 14.30).

The page range for a chapter in a book is no longer required in bibliography entries (see CMOS 14.8). In a note, cite specific pages as applicable.

The page range for a chapter in a book is no longer required in reference list entries (see CMOS 14.8). In the text, cite specific pages as applicable.

To cite a book consulted online, include either a URL or the name of the database. For downloadable ebook formats, name the format; if no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the note (or simply omit). For citing a place rather than a publisher for books published before 1900 (as in the Moby-Dick example below), see CMOS 14.31.

首次注释（Borel，2nd ed.，EBSCOhost）：

1. Brooke Borel, The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking, 2nd ed. (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 92, EBSCOhost.

简称注释：

2. Borel, Fact-Checking, 104–5.

文献表：

Borel, Brooke. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press, 2023. EBSCOhost.

首次注释（Booth et al.，5th ed.）：

1. Wayne C. Booth et al., The Craft of Research, 5th ed. (University of Chicago Press, 2024).

文献表：

Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Joseph Bizup, and William T. FitzGerald. The Craft of Research. 5th ed. University of Chicago Press, 2024.

首次注释：

1. Kathleen Doyle, "The Queen Mary Psalter," in The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, ed. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 64.

简称注释：

2. Doyle, "Queen Mary Psalter," 65.

文献表（无章节范围）：

Doyle, Kathleen. "The Queen Mary Psalter." In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press, 2023.

注释，整本编著：

3. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin, eds., The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention (University of Chicago Press, 2023).

文献表，整本编著：

Marks, P. J. M., and Stephen Parkin, eds. The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention. University of Chicago Press, 2023.

参考文献表（Borel）：

Borel, Brooke. 2023. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press. EBSCOhost.

文内：

(Borel 2023, 92)

参考文献表（Doyle）：

Doyle, Kathleen. 2023. "The Queen Mary Psalter." In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press.

文内：

(Doyle 2023, 64)

注释（Roy，Kindle，无固定页码）：

1. Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things (Random House, 2008), chap. 6, Kindle.

Author-date 文内（Roy）：

(Roy 2008, chap. 6)