पाठ्यपुस्तक को कैसे उद्धृत करें

APA 7, लेखक-रचित पाठ्यपुस्तक:

लेखक, A. A. (वर्ष). पाठ्यपुस्तक का शीर्षक: उपशीर्षक (4th ed.). प्रकाशक. https://doi.org/xxxxx

APA 7, संपादित पाठ्यपुस्तक का अध्याय:

लेखक, A. A. (वर्ष). अध्याय का शीर्षक. In E. E. संपादक & F. F. संपादक (Eds.), पाठ्यपुस्तक का शीर्षक (4th ed., pp. 115–129). प्रकाशक. https://doi.org/xxxxx

MLA 9, लेखक-रचित पाठ्यपुस्तक:

उपनाम, पहला नाम. पाठ्यपुस्तक का शीर्षक: उपशीर्षक. 4th ed., प्रकाशक, वर्ष.

MLA 9, संपादित पाठ्यपुस्तक का लेख या अध्याय:

उपनाम, पहला नाम. "अध्याय का शीर्षक." पाठ्यपुस्तक का शीर्षक, edited by पहला नाम उपनाम, 4th ed., प्रकाशक, वर्ष, pp. 115–29.

Chicago 18 टिप्पणी:

1. पहला नाम उपनाम, पाठ्यपुस्तक का शीर्षक, 2nd ed. (प्रकाशक, वर्ष), 92.

Chicago 18 ग्रंथ सूची:

उपनाम, पहला नाम. पाठ्यपुस्तक का शीर्षक. 2nd ed. प्रकाशक, वर्ष.

Chicago 18 author-date:

उपनाम, पहला नाम. वर्ष. पाठ्यपुस्तक का शीर्षक. 2nd ed. प्रकाशक.

Provide the author, year of publication, title, and publisher of the book. Use the same format for both print books and ebooks.

Use the same formats for both print books and ebooks. For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g., Kindle) is not included in the reference.

Use the copyright date shown on the book’s copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.

Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.

If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.

Do not include the publisher location.

If the ebook is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.

Does the book have an edition or volume number? If so, include the number in parentheses after the title but before the period. If both, show edition first and volume second, separated by a comma. Do not put a period between the title and the parenthetical information.

Does the book have a DOI? Include a DOI if available. Do not include a URL or database information for works from academic research databases. Include a URL for ebooks from other websites. Do not put a period after the DOI or URL.

Write the word “In” and the initials and last name (not inverted) of each editor. Use “(Ed.)” for one editor or “(Eds.)” for multiple editors. End with a comma.

संदर्भ:

Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

कोष्ठकीय:

(Jackson, 2019)

आख्यानात्मक:

Jackson (2019)

लेखक-रचित पुस्तक का अध्याय, आधिकारिक Style Center रूप:

(McEwen & Wills, 2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

Do not create references for chapters of authored books. Instead, write a reference for the whole authored book and cite the chapter in the text if desired.

Include any edition information in the same parentheses as the page range of the chapter, separated with a comma.

For ebook chapters without pagination, omit the page range from the reference (as in the Thestrup example).

संदर्भ (Dillard, 2020), चौथा संस्करण और पृष्ठ:

Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.

कोष्ठकीय:

(Dillard, 2020)

आख्यानात्मक:

Dillard (2020)

यह न लिखें:

(Oliver et al., 2020) — संपादकों ने वह अध्याय नहीं लिखा जिसे आप उद्धृत कर रहे हैं

संदर्भ (Zeleke et al., 2020), Common Reference Examples:

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

कोष्ठकीय:

(Zeleke et al., 2020)

संदर्भ (Thestrup, 2010), बिना पृष्ठों वाला ईबुक अध्याय:

Thestrup, K. (2010). To transform, to communicate, to play—The experimenting community in action. In E. Hygum & P. M. Pedersen (Eds.), Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/?id=192

Unlike an edited book, where each chapter has unique authors, usually you expect an authored book to have the same author(s) throughout. Thus, citing a chapter of an edited book is common, but as a general rule, citing chapters from authored books is not.

This is true whether the chapters were written by the book’s authors or an outside contributor who isn’t given cover credit.

To avoid potential confusion, the simplest solution is to cite the book as you would any other authored book, which is a reference format that readers can immediately recognize, but to add any additional information in the text.

संदर्भ (DeMarco & Healey-Walsh, 2020):

DeMarco, R. F., & Healey-Walsh, J. (2020). Community and public health nursing: Evidence for practice (3rd ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

संदर्भ (McEwen & Wills, 2023):

McEwen, M., & Wills, E. M. (2023). Theoretical basis for nursing (6th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(DeMarco & Healey-Walsh, 2020; McEwen & Wills, 2023)

आख्यानात्मक उद्धरण:

DeMarco and Healey-Walsh (2020) and McEwen and Wills (2023)

अतिथि अध्याय Melinda Oberleitner का प्रत्यक्ष उद्धरण:

Formal leaders are appointed by official or legislative authority. Informal leaders derive power through influence and, in reality, may be more important to staff or groups than the formal, appointed, or designated leaders

ब्लॉग उस वाक्य को कैसे उद्धृत करता है:

(McEwen & Wills, 2023, Chapter 16, p. 369)

Style Center लेखक-अध्याय लोकेटर (2014 पुनर्मुद्रण):

(McEwen & Wills, 2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

Style Center लोकेटर का आख्यानात्मक रूप:

McEwen and Wills (2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

As the following example from the MLA Handbook demonstrates, a Norton Critical Edition should be listed in the “Version” slot (107):

Use the Version element to specify that the work you are citing is an e-book—that is, a book that lacks a URL and that you use software to read on a personal device or computer.

When citing an e-book in your text, avoid using device-specific numbering systems.

If you are citing an article from an electronic version of a textbook that does not have page numbers, do not provide page numbers in your entry, because there are no page numbers to give. Do not provide location numbers, because they can vary depending on the device.

उद्धृत कृतियाँ (Wollstonecraft, Norton Critical Edition, 3rd ed.):

Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Edited by Deidre Shauna Lynch, Norton Critical Edition, 3rd ed., W. W. Norton, 2009.

पाठ-अंतर्गत:

(Wollstonecraft)

उद्धृत कृतियाँ (MLA Handbook ई-बुक):

MLA Handbook. 9th ed., e-book ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2021.

उद्धृत कृतियाँ (MLA Handbook 8th ed. EPUB, जब प्रारूप भिन्न हों):

MLA Handbook. 8th ed., e-book ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2016. EPUB.

बिना स्थिर पृष्ठों वाली ई-बुक के लिए पाठ-अंतर्गत:

Kindle स्थान नहीं, अध्याय या अनुभाग उद्धृत करें

उद्धृत कृतियाँ (Barnet et al. में Marche):

Marche, Stephen. "Is Facebook Making Us Lonely?" Current Issues and Enduring Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument, with Readings, 11th ed., e-book, edited by Sylvan Barnet et al., Bedford / St. Martin's, 2017.

पाठ-अंतर्गत:

(Marche)

यदि वही लेख बाद में प्रकाशक पृष्ठों के साथ आए:

यदि आपने पृष्ठांकित प्रति उपयोग की तो पृष्ठ सीमा जोड़ें और e-book हटा दें

उद्धृत कृतियाँ, पूरी संपादित पुस्तक:

Sánchez Prado, Ignacio M., editor. Mexican Literature in Theory. Bloomsbury, 2018.

पाठ-अंतर्गत:

(Sánchez Prado)

Treat CD, DVD, online, and other digital materials that accompany a print textbook as you would any other work in MLA style: follow the MLA format template and start your entry with the author and title of the materials or a description in place of a title.

उद्धृत कृतियाँ, ऑडियो साथी (Paden):

Lessons, Readings, and Songs to Accompany An Introduction to Old Occitan. Lessons and readings by William D. Paden, songs performed by Elizabeth Aubrey. An Introduction to Old Occitan, by Paden, Modern Language Association of America, 1998. Audio CD.

Note that a place of publication is no longer required in book citations (see CMOS 14.30).

The page range for a chapter in a book is no longer required in bibliography entries (see CMOS 14.8). In a note, cite specific pages as applicable.

The page range for a chapter in a book is no longer required in reference list entries (see CMOS 14.8). In the text, cite specific pages as applicable.

To cite a book consulted online, include either a URL or the name of the database. For downloadable ebook formats, name the format; if no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the note (or simply omit). For citing a place rather than a publisher for books published before 1900 (as in the Moby-Dick example below), see CMOS 14.31.

पहली टिप्पणी (Borel, 2nd ed., EBSCOhost):

1. Brooke Borel, The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking, 2nd ed. (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 92, EBSCOhost.

संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी:

2. Borel, Fact-Checking, 104–5.

ग्रंथ सूची:

Borel, Brooke. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press, 2023. EBSCOhost.

पहली टिप्पणी (Booth et al., 5th ed.):

1. Wayne C. Booth et al., The Craft of Research, 5th ed. (University of Chicago Press, 2024).

ग्रंथ सूची:

Booth, Wayne C., Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, Joseph Bizup, and William T. FitzGerald. The Craft of Research. 5th ed. University of Chicago Press, 2024.

पहली टिप्पणी:

1. Kathleen Doyle, "The Queen Mary Psalter," in The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, ed. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin (University of Chicago Press, 2023), 64.

संक्षिप्त टिप्पणी:

2. Doyle, "Queen Mary Psalter," 65.

ग्रंथ सूची (कोई अध्याय सीमा नहीं):

Doyle, Kathleen. "The Queen Mary Psalter." In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press, 2023.

टिप्पणी, पूरी संपादित पुस्तक:

3. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin, eds., The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention (University of Chicago Press, 2023).

ग्रंथ सूची, पूरी संपादित पुस्तक:

Marks, P. J. M., and Stephen Parkin, eds. The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention. University of Chicago Press, 2023.

संदर्भ सूची (Borel):

Borel, Brooke. 2023. The Chicago Guide to Fact-Checking. 2nd ed. University of Chicago Press. EBSCOhost.

पाठ-अंतर्गत:

(Borel 2023, 92)

संदर्भ सूची (Doyle):

Doyle, Kathleen. 2023. "The Queen Mary Psalter." In The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World's Greatest Invention, edited by P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin. University of Chicago Press.

पाठ-अंतर्गत:

(Doyle 2023, 64)

टिप्पणी (Roy, Kindle, कोई स्थिर पृष्ठ नहीं):

1. Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things (Random House, 2008), chap. 6, Kindle.

Author-date पाठ-अंतर्गत (Roy):

(Roy 2008, chap. 6)