APA 7 में पुस्तक कैसे उद्धृत करें

संदर्भ, बिना DOI की मुद्रित या डेटाबेस पुस्तक:

लेखक, A. A. (वर्ष). पुस्तक का शीर्षक. प्रकाशक.

संदर्भ, DOI वाली पुस्तक:

लेखक, A. A. (वर्ष). पुस्तक का शीर्षक (2nd ed.). प्रकाशक. https://doi.org/xxxxx

संदर्भ, हल होने वाले URL वाली ईबुक, बिना DOI:

लेखक, A. A., & लेखक, B. B. (वर्ष). पुस्तक का शीर्षक (3rd digital ed.). प्रकाशक. https://xxxxx

संदर्भ, संपादित पुस्तक:

संपादक, E. E. (Ed.). (वर्ष). पुस्तक का शीर्षक. प्रकाशक.

संदर्भ, संपादित पुस्तक का अध्याय:

लेखक, A. A. (वर्ष). अध्याय का शीर्षक. In E. E. संपादक (Ed.), पुस्तक का शीर्षक (pp. 15–32). प्रकाशक. https://doi.org/xxxxx

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(लेखक, वर्ष)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

लेखक (वर्ष)

प्रत्यक्ष उद्धरण:

(लेखक, वर्ष, p. 42)

Provide the author, year of publication, title, and publisher of the book. Use the same format for both print books and ebooks.

Use the same formats for both print books and ebooks. For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g., Kindle) is not included in the reference.

Use the copyright date shown on the book’s copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.

Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.

If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.

Do not include the publisher location.

If the ebook without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the book in the reference (as in the Svendsen and Løber example, which is from the iBog database, where ebooks are referred to as “internetbooks”). Do not include the name of the database in the reference.

If the ebook is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.

Does the book have a DOI? Include a DOI if available. Do not include a URL or database information for works from academic research databases. Include a URL for ebooks from other websites. Do not put a period after the DOI or URL.

Does the book have an edition or volume number? If so, include the number in parentheses after the title but before the period. If both, show edition first and volume second, separated by a comma. Do not put a period between the title and the parenthetical information.

Include the name of the publisher, followed by a period. Do not include the publisher location. Are there multiple publishers? If so, separate them with a semicolon.

संदर्भ (Jackson, 2019):

Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Jackson, 2019)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Jackson (2019)

संदर्भ (Sapolsky, 2017):

Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books.

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Sapolsky, 2017)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Sapolsky (2017)

संदर्भ (Svendsen & Løber, 2020):

Svendsen, S., & Løber, L. (2020). The big picture/Academic writing: The one-hour guide (3rd digital ed.). Hans Reitzel Forlag. https://thebigpicture-academicwriting.digi.hansreitzel.dk/

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Svendsen & Løber, 2020)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Svendsen and Løber (2020)

संदर्भ (Levenson et al., 2025), Common Reference Examples:

Levenson, H., Jinich, S., Vaz, A., & Rousmaniere, T. (2025). Deliberate practice in emotionally focused couple therapy. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000436-000

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Levenson et al., 2025)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Levenson et al. (2025)

Use the abbreviation “(Ed.)” for one editor and the abbreviation “(Eds.)” for multiple editors after the editor names, followed by a period. In the case of multiple editors, include the role once, after all the names.

संदर्भ (Kesharwani, 2020):

Kesharwani, P. (Ed.). (2020). Nanotechnology based approaches for tuberculosis treatment. Academic Press.

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Kesharwani, 2020)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Kesharwani (2020)

संदर्भ (Hygum & Pedersen, 2010):

Hygum, E., & Pedersen, P. M. (Eds.). (2010). Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Hygum & Pedersen, 2010)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Hygum and Pedersen (2010)

संदर्भ (Torino et al., 2019):

Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., & Sue, D. W. (Eds.). (2019). Microaggression theory: Influence and implications. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Torino et al., 2019)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Torino et al. (2019)

Do not create references for chapters of authored books. Instead, write a reference for the whole authored book and cite the chapter in the text if desired.

Write the word “In” and the initials and last name (not inverted) of each editor. Use “(Ed.)” for one editor or “(Eds.)” for multiple editors. End with a comma.

If a chapter without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the chapter in the reference (as in the Thestrup example, which is from the iBog database). Do not include the name of the database in the reference.

लेखक-पुस्तक अध्याय, कोष्ठकीय:

(McEwen & Wills, 2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

लेखक-पुस्तक अध्याय, वर्णनात्मक:

McEwen and Wills (2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

संदर्भ (Aron et al., 2019):

Aron, L., Botella, M., & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Aron et al., 2019)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Aron et al. (2019)

संदर्भ (Dillard, 2020):

Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Dillard, 2020)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Dillard (2020)

संदर्भ (Thestrup, 2010):

Thestrup, K. (2010). To transform, to communicate, to play—The experimenting community in action. In E. Hygum & P. M. Pedersen (Eds.), Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/?id=192

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Thestrup, 2010)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Thestrup (2010)

संदर्भ (Zeleke et al., 2020), Common Reference Examples:

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Zeleke et al., 2020)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Zeleke et al. (2020)

Use this format when a person other than the original author has added a new part to the work, such as a foreword or introduction.

Provide the author of the whole book in the main author element of the reference. Then provide the name of the person who wrote the foreword, introduction, or other new part, in parentheses, after the word “with.”

संदर्भ (Kübler-Ross, 1969/2014):

Kübler-Ross, E. (with Byock, I.). (2014). On death & dying: What the dying have to teach doctors, nurses, clergy & their own families (50th anniversary ed.). Scribner. (Original work published 1969)

पुस्तक का कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Kübler-Ross, 1969/2014)

पुस्तक का वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Kübler-Ross (1969/2014)

भूमिका का कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Kübler-Ross, 1969/2014, foreword by Byock, p. xv)

Provide the year of the republication in the main date element of the reference. Provide the year of original publication at the end of the reference in parentheses after the words “Original work published.”

Both publication years appear in the in-text citation, separated with a slash, with the earlier year first.

संदर्भ (Watson & Rayner, 1920/2013):

Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (2013). Conditioned emotional reactions: The case of Little Albert (D. Webb, Ed.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. https://a.co/06Se6Na (Original work published 1920)

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Watson & Rayner, 1920/2013)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Watson and Rayner (1920/2013)

For a reprinted work (a work that has been published in two places at once), provide both years in the in-text citation, separated with a slash, with the earlier year first.

Provide the title, page range, editor, year of publication, and publisher of the original work in parentheses after the information about the work that you used.

संदर्भ (Bronfenbrenner, 1973/2005):

Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). The social ecology of human development: A retrospective conclusion. In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development (pp. 27–40). SAGE Publications. (Reprinted from Brain and intelligence: The ecology of child development, pp. 113–123, by F. Richardson, Ed., 1973, National Educational Press)

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Bronfenbrenner, 1973/2005)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Bronfenbrenner (1973/2005)

Provide the name(s) of the editor(s)-in-chief as the editors of the work, even if the volume editors are different.

संदर्भ (Harris et al., 2012):

Harris, K. R., Graham, S., & Urdan T. (Eds.). (2012). APA educational psychology handbook (Vols. 1–3). American Psychological Association.

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Harris et al., 2012)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Harris et al. (2012)

एक बिना-शीर्षक खंड, पहले संस्करण फिर खंड:

संपादक, E. E. (Ed.). (वर्ष). हैंडबुक का शीर्षक (2nd ed., Vol. 1). प्रकाशक.

When the author and the publisher of a work are the same (as in many reports, books, and websites published by group authors), include the group name in the author element and omit it from the source element.

Because the author and the publisher are the same, “American Psychiatric Association” is written only in the author element.

संदर्भ, DOI वाला DSM-5-TR:

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

संदर्भ, मुद्रित DSM-5-TR जिसमें जोड़ने को DOI नहीं:

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.).

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(American Psychiatric Association, 2022)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

American Psychiatric Association (2022)

संदर्भ, DOI वाला Publication Manual:

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(American Psychological Association, 2020)

It is not necessary to note when you used an audiobook versus a book or an ebook when the content is the same, even if the format is different.

संदर्भ (Cain, 2012), Publication Manual उदाहरण 22:

Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking (K. Mazur, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Random House Audio. http://bit.ly/2G0Bpbl

टाइमस्टैम्प वाला कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Cain, 2012, 1:20:39)

वर्णनात्मक उद्धरण:

Cain (2012)