كيفية الاستشهاد بكتاب وفق APA 7

مرجع، كتاب مطبوع أو من قاعدة بيانات بلا DOI:

المؤلف, A. A. (السنة). عنوان الكتاب. الناشر.

مرجع، كتاب بمعرّف DOI:

المؤلف, A. A. (السنة). عنوان الكتاب (2nd ed.). الناشر. https://doi.org/xxxxx

مرجع، كتاب إلكتروني برابط يُحل وبلا DOI:

المؤلف, A. A., & المؤلف, B. B. (السنة). عنوان الكتاب (3rd digital ed.). الناشر. https://xxxxx

مرجع، كتاب محرَّر:

المحرر, E. E. (Ed.). (السنة). عنوان الكتاب. الناشر.

مرجع، فصل في كتاب محرَّر:

المؤلف, A. A. (السنة). عنوان الفصل. In E. E. المحرر (Ed.), عنوان الكتاب (pp. 15–32). الناشر. https://doi.org/xxxxx

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(المؤلف, السنة)

استشهاد سردي:

المؤلف (السنة)

اقتباس مباشر:

(المؤلف, السنة, p. 42)

Provide the author, year of publication, title, and publisher of the book. Use the same format for both print books and ebooks.

Use the same formats for both print books and ebooks. For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g., Kindle) is not included in the reference.

Use the copyright date shown on the book’s copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.

Include any edition information in parentheses after the title, without italics.

If the book includes a DOI, include the DOI in the reference after the publisher name.

Do not include the publisher location.

If the ebook without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the book in the reference (as in the Svendsen and Løber example, which is from the iBog database, where ebooks are referred to as “internetbooks”). Do not include the name of the database in the reference.

If the ebook is from an academic research database and has no DOI or stable URL, end the book reference after the publisher name. Do not include the name of the database in the reference. The reference in this case is the same as for a print book.

Does the book have a DOI? Include a DOI if available. Do not include a URL or database information for works from academic research databases. Include a URL for ebooks from other websites. Do not put a period after the DOI or URL.

Does the book have an edition or volume number? If so, include the number in parentheses after the title but before the period. If both, show edition first and volume second, separated by a comma. Do not put a period between the title and the parenthetical information.

Include the name of the publisher, followed by a period. Do not include the publisher location. Are there multiple publishers? If so, separate them with a semicolon.

مرجع (Jackson, 2019):

Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Jackson, 2019)

استشهاد سردي:

Jackson (2019)

مرجع (Sapolsky, 2017):

Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst. Penguin Books.

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Sapolsky, 2017)

استشهاد سردي:

Sapolsky (2017)

مرجع (Svendsen & Løber, 2020):

Svendsen, S., & Løber, L. (2020). The big picture/Academic writing: The one-hour guide (3rd digital ed.). Hans Reitzel Forlag. https://thebigpicture-academicwriting.digi.hansreitzel.dk/

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Svendsen & Løber, 2020)

استشهاد سردي:

Svendsen and Løber (2020)

مرجع (Levenson et al., 2025)، أمثلة المراجع الشائعة:

Levenson, H., Jinich, S., Vaz, A., & Rousmaniere, T. (2025). Deliberate practice in emotionally focused couple therapy. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000436-000

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Levenson et al., 2025)

استشهاد سردي:

Levenson et al. (2025)

Use the abbreviation “(Ed.)” for one editor and the abbreviation “(Eds.)” for multiple editors after the editor names, followed by a period. In the case of multiple editors, include the role once, after all the names.

مرجع (Kesharwani, 2020):

Kesharwani, P. (Ed.). (2020). Nanotechnology based approaches for tuberculosis treatment. Academic Press.

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Kesharwani, 2020)

استشهاد سردي:

Kesharwani (2020)

مرجع (Hygum & Pedersen, 2010):

Hygum, E., & Pedersen, P. M. (Eds.). (2010). Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Hygum & Pedersen, 2010)

استشهاد سردي:

Hygum and Pedersen (2010)

مرجع (Torino et al., 2019):

Torino, G. C., Rivera, D. P., Capodilupo, C. M., Nadal, K. L., & Sue, D. W. (Eds.). (2019). Microaggression theory: Influence and implications. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119466642

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Torino et al., 2019)

استشهاد سردي:

Torino et al. (2019)

Do not create references for chapters of authored books. Instead, write a reference for the whole authored book and cite the chapter in the text if desired.

Write the word “In” and the initials and last name (not inverted) of each editor. Use “(Ed.)” for one editor or “(Eds.)” for multiple editors. End with a comma.

If a chapter without a DOI has a stable URL that will resolve for readers, include the URL of the chapter in the reference (as in the Thestrup example, which is from the iBog database). Do not include the name of the database in the reference.

فصل في كتاب مؤلف، بين قوسين:

(McEwen & Wills, 2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

فصل في كتاب مؤلف، سردي:

McEwen and Wills (2014, Chapter 16, p. 363)

مرجع (Aron et al., 2019):

Aron, L., Botella, M., & Lubart, T. (2019). Culinary arts: Talent and their development. In R. F. Subotnik, P. Olszewski-Kubilius, & F. C. Worrell (Eds.), The psychology of high performance: Developing human potential into domain-specific talent (pp. 345–359). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000120-016

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Aron et al., 2019)

استشهاد سردي:

Aron et al. (2019)

مرجع (Dillard, 2020):

Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, & J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115–129). Routledge.

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Dillard, 2020)

استشهاد سردي:

Dillard (2020)

مرجع (Thestrup, 2010):

Thestrup, K. (2010). To transform, to communicate, to play—The experimenting community in action. In E. Hygum & P. M. Pedersen (Eds.), Early childhood education: Values and practices in Denmark. Hans Reitzels Forlag. https://earlychildhoodeducation.digi.hansreitzel.dk/?id=192

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Thestrup, 2010)

استشهاد سردي:

Thestrup (2010)

مرجع (Zeleke et al., 2020)، أمثلة المراجع الشائعة:

Zeleke, W. A., Hughes, T. L., & Drozda, N. (2020). Home–school collaboration to promote mind–body health. In C. Maykel & M. A. Bray (Eds.), Promoting mind–body health in schools: Interventions for mental health professionals (pp. 11–26). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000157-002

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Zeleke et al., 2020)

استشهاد سردي:

Zeleke et al. (2020)

Use this format when a person other than the original author has added a new part to the work, such as a foreword or introduction.

Provide the author of the whole book in the main author element of the reference. Then provide the name of the person who wrote the foreword, introduction, or other new part, in parentheses, after the word “with.”

مرجع (Kübler-Ross, 1969/2014):

Kübler-Ross, E. (with Byock, I.). (2014). On death & dying: What the dying have to teach doctors, nurses, clergy & their own families (50th anniversary ed.). Scribner. (Original work published 1969)

استشهاد الكتاب بين قوسين:

(Kübler-Ross, 1969/2014)

استشهاد الكتاب السردي:

Kübler-Ross (1969/2014)

استشهاد التقدمة بين قوسين:

(Kübler-Ross, 1969/2014, foreword by Byock, p. xv)

Provide the year of the republication in the main date element of the reference. Provide the year of original publication at the end of the reference in parentheses after the words “Original work published.”

Both publication years appear in the in-text citation, separated with a slash, with the earlier year first.

مرجع (Watson & Rayner, 1920/2013):

Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (2013). Conditioned emotional reactions: The case of Little Albert (D. Webb, Ed.). CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. https://a.co/06Se6Na (Original work published 1920)

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Watson & Rayner, 1920/2013)

استشهاد سردي:

Watson and Rayner (1920/2013)

For a reprinted work (a work that has been published in two places at once), provide both years in the in-text citation, separated with a slash, with the earlier year first.

Provide the title, page range, editor, year of publication, and publisher of the original work in parentheses after the information about the work that you used.

مرجع (Bronfenbrenner, 1973/2005):

Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). The social ecology of human development: A retrospective conclusion. In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development (pp. 27–40). SAGE Publications. (Reprinted from Brain and intelligence: The ecology of child development, pp. 113–123, by F. Richardson, Ed., 1973, National Educational Press)

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Bronfenbrenner, 1973/2005)

استشهاد سردي:

Bronfenbrenner (1973/2005)

Provide the name(s) of the editor(s)-in-chief as the editors of the work, even if the volume editors are different.

مرجع (Harris et al., 2012):

Harris, K. R., Graham, S., & Urdan T. (Eds.). (2012). APA educational psychology handbook (Vols. 1–3). American Psychological Association.

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(Harris et al., 2012)

استشهاد سردي:

Harris et al. (2012)

مجلد واحد بلا عنوان، الطبعة ثم المجلد:

المحرر, E. E. (Ed.). (السنة). عنوان الدليل (2nd ed., Vol. 1). الناشر.

When the author and the publisher of a work are the same (as in many reports, books, and websites published by group authors), include the group name in the author element and omit it from the source element.

Because the author and the publisher are the same, “American Psychiatric Association” is written only in the author element.

مرجع، DSM-5-TR بمعرّف DOI:

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

مرجع، DSM-5-TR مطبوع بلا DOI لإضافته:

American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text rev.).

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(American Psychiatric Association, 2022)

استشهاد سردي:

American Psychiatric Association (2022)

مرجع، Publication Manual بمعرّف DOI:

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

استشهاد بين قوسين:

(American Psychological Association, 2020)

It is not necessary to note when you used an audiobook versus a book or an ebook when the content is the same, even if the format is different.

مرجع (Cain, 2012)، مثال 22 في Publication Manual:

Cain, S. (2012). Quiet: The power of introverts in a world that can’t stop talking (K. Mazur, Narr.) [Audiobook]. Random House Audio. http://bit.ly/2G0Bpbl

اقتباس بين قوسين بطابع زمني:

(Cain, 2012, 1:20:39)

استشهاد سردي:

Cain (2012)