如何撰写注释书目

作业句：

这份面向[课程或项目]的注释书目收集关于[研究问题]的[数量]条来源，并对每一条进行[摘要 / 评价 / 摘要并评价]。

APA 7 引用模板：

姓, I. I., & 姓, J. J. (2020). 书名. 出版社名. https://doi.org/xx

APA 7 注释模板：

作者主张[论题]。他们使用[方法或证据]，并得出[发现]。该作品因[具体用途]而对[你的问题]有用；其局限在于[样本、日期或偏见]。

MLA 9 引用模板：

姓, 名. 书名. 出版社名, 2020.

MLA 9 注释模板：

一篇关于[主题]的[综合 / 历史 / 研究]，[主要主张]。借鉴[方法或领域]，并因[具体用途]而对[你的项目]有用。

Chicago 18 Notes-Bibliography 模板：

姓, 名. 书名. 出版社名, 2020. 注释从下一行开始，通常缩进。

An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is followed by a brief (usually about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited.

Abstracts are the purely descriptive summaries often found at the beginning of scholarly journal articles or in periodical indexes. Annotations are descriptive and critical; they may describe the author's point of view, authority, or clarity and appropriateness of expression.

[G]ood annotations accurately and incisively—but not cryptically—distill the essence of works

focus the reader's attention on major points

Most APA Style guidelines are applicable to annotated bibliographies.

Annotated bibliographies consist of reference list entries followed by short descriptions of the work called annotations. Instructors generally set requirements, but APA Style guidelines still apply.

Each annotation should be a new paragraph below its reference entry. Indent the entire annotation 0.5 in. from the left margin, the same as you would a block quotation (see Section 8.27). Do not indent the first line of the annotation.

If the annotation spans multiple paragraphs, indent the first line of the second and any subsequent paragraphs an additional 0.5 in., the same as you would a block quotation with multiple paragraphs.

It is not necessary to cite the work being annotated in the annotation because the origin of the information is clear through context; however, do include in-text citations (see Chapter 8) if you refer to multiple works within an annotation to clarify the source.

参考文献：

Barber, L. K., Grawitch, M. J., & Maloney, P. W. (2016). Work-life balance: Contemporary perspectives. In M. J. Grawitch & D. W. Ballard (Eds.), The psychologically healthy workplace: Building a win-win environment for organizations and employees (pp. 111-133). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14731-006

注释：

This book chapter provides an overview of the psychosociological concept of work-life balance. The authors discuss findings from studies showing harmful effects of work-life conflict on psychological and behavioral health as well as beneficial effects of work-life facilitation, wherein one role makes a positive contribution to the other. The chapter concludes with a description of work-life balance initiatives that organizations have adopted to help employees manage their dual work and nonwork obligations and some of the key factors influencing their effectiveness.

Students should style a source in an annotated bibliography just as they would in a list of works cited and then append an annotation to the end of the entry.

The list should be titled Annotated Bibliography or Annotated List of Works Cited. Students may organize the bibliography alphabetically by author or title (as for a normal list of works cited), by the date of publication, or by subject.

短语式条目：

Harbord, Janet. The Evolution of Film: Rethinking Film Studies. Polity, 2007. A synthesis of classic film theory and an examination of the state of film studies as of 2007 that draws on contemporary scholarship in philosophy, anthropology, and media studies.

完整句注释：

This synthesis of classic film theory examines the state of film studies as of 2007. It draws on contemporary scholarship in philosophy, anthropology, and media studies.

Works Cited 行：

Moore, Nicole. The Censor's Library: Uncovering the Lost History of Australia's Banned Books. U of Queensland P, 2012.

注释：

The book provides a comprehensive history of Australian print censorship and discusses its implications for questions of transnationalism and the construction of the reader.

Annotated bibliographies include annotations that summarize the cited sources. Students may also be asked to describe how they intend to use a source for their project.

The Chicago Manual of Style tells us that annotations may simply follow the publication details [often in brackets] or they may start on a new line (and are often indented 0.5 in. from the left margin).

Do not indent the first line of the annotation.

CMOS 17 样例引用（含城市）：

Allen, Donald M., ed. The New American Poetry. New York: Grove Press, 1960.

同一本书的 CMOS 18 书目形式：

Allen, Donald M., ed. The New American Poetry. Grove Press, 1960.

样例注释：

Concentrates on the postwar period from 1945 to 1960 and presents the work of poets who identified themselves with antiformalist movements or waves, often associated with fugitive publications and little magazines (Yugen, Neon, Kulchur, Big Table, etc.): the most prominent groups were the Black Mountain school (Olson, Duncan) and the experimental city poets from New York (like Frank O'Hara, LeRoi Jones, and Gilbert Sorrentino) and San Francisco (the "Beats" Kerouac, Corso, Ginsberg). John Ashbery, James Schuyler, Denise Levertov, and Gary Snyder are also represented.

APA 7 引用：

Waite, L., Goldschneider, F., & Witsberger, C. (1986). Nonfamily living and the erosion of traditional family orientations among young adults. American Sociological Review, 51(4), 541-554.

MLA 9 引用：

Waite, Linda J., et al. "Nonfamily Living and the Erosion of Traditional Family Orientations Among Young Adults." American Sociological Review, vol. 51, no. 4, 1986, pp. 541-554.

康奈尔注释（两种样式同一段）：

The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University, use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. Increasing the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams cited below shows no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of nonfamily living.

两份样例共用的引用：

McIvor, S. D. (1995). Aboriginal women’s rights as “existing rights.” Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme 2/3, 34-38.

只列内容（应避免）：

This article discusses recent constitutional legislation as it affects the human rights of aboriginal women in Canada: the Constitution Act (1982), its amendment in 1983, and amendments to the Indian Act (1985). It also discusses the implications for aboriginal women of the Supreme Court of Canada’s interpretation of the Constitution Act in R. v. Sparrow (1991).

点出论点（该写的）：

This article seeks to define the extent of the civil and political rights returned to aboriginal women in the Constitution Act (1982), in its amendment in 1983, and in amendments to the Indian Act (1985). This legislation reverses prior laws that denied Indian status to aboriginal women who married non-aboriginal men. On the basis of the Supreme Court of Canada’s interpretation of the Constitution Act in R. v. Sparrow (1991), McIvor argues that the Act recognizes fundamental human rights and existing aboriginal rights, granting to aboriginal women full participation in the aboriginal right to self-government.

• 每条引用都符合指定样式并使用悬挂缩进
• 条目按提示指定的顺序排列（通常按作者 A–Z）
• 每条注释都是引用下的新段落，并按该样式要求缩进
• 段落点出论题或问题、方法与结论
• 提示要求评价时，评价具体
• 没有粘贴的摘要、出版商简介或编造的引文
• 注释中点名的第二部作品也出现在清单上
• 若作业是独立论文，标题页或页眉符合该样式