Как оформить блочную цитату в APA, MLA и Chicago

APA 7, скобочная ссылка:

Вводное предложение, заканчивающееся двоеточием:

     Процитированный текст из 40 или более слов, с отступом 0.5 in, через два интервала, без кавычек, заканчивающийся собственной точкой. (Author, Year, p. Page)

APA 7, повествовательная ссылка:

Author (Year) сформулировал это так:

     Процитированный текст из 40 или более слов. (p. Page)

MLA 9:

Вводное предложение, заканчивающееся двоеточием:

     Процитированная проза длиной более четырёх строк, с отступом 0.5 in, через два интервала, без кавычек. (Author Page)

Chicago 18, notes-bibliography:

Вводное предложение, заканчивающееся двоеточием:

     Процитированная проза примерно из 100 слов или более, либо из двух и более абзацев, с отступом 0.5 in, без кавычек.1

Chicago 18, author-date:

     Процитированная проза, та же вёрстка. (Author Year, Page)

Do not use quotation marks to enclose a block quotation.

Start a block quotation on a new line and indent the whole block 0.5 in. from the left margin.

Either (a) cite the source in parentheses after the quotation's final punctuation or (b) cite the author and year in the narrative before the quotation and place only the page number in parentheses after the quotation's final punctuation.

Do not add a period after the closing parenthesis in either case.

Ссылка:

Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015). Inner speech: Development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology. Psychological Bulletin, 141(5), 931–965. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000021

В работе:

Researchers have studied how people talk to themselves:

     Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings.

Ссылка:

Flores, M. J., Watson, L. B., Allen, L. R., Ford, M., Serpe, C. R., Choo, P. Y., & Farrell, M. (2018). Transgender people of color's experiences of sexual objectification: Locating sexual objectification within a matrix of domination. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(3), 308–323. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000279

В работе:

Flores et al. (2018) described how they addressed potential researcher bias when working with an intersectional community of transgender people of color:

     Everyone on the research team belonged to a stigmatized group but also held privileged identities. Throughout the research process, we attended to the ways in which our privileged and oppressed identities may have influenced the research process, findings, and presentation of results. (p. 311)

Everyone on the research team belonged to a stigmatized group but also held privileged identities. Throughout the research process, we attended to the ways in which our privileged and oppressed identities may have influenced the research process, findings, and presentation of results.

Официальный пример заголовок-плюс-абзац (Alamo / APA Style):

Music and language are intertwined in the brain such that "people who are better at rhythmic memory skills tend to excel at language skills as well" (DeAngelis, 2018, Musical Forays section, para. 4).

После блока, скобочная:

(Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, para. 4)

После блока, повествование уже назвало источник:

(Discussion section, para. 2)

Глава и абзац (электронная книга):

(Roy, 2008, Chapter 6, para. 3)

Временна́я метка (аудиовизуальная работа):

(Cowan, 2022, 6:09)

Effective teams can be difficult to describe because "high performance along one domain does not translate to high performance along another" (Ervin et al., 2018, p. 470).

All block quotations in your work should be indented the same amount. Even if the block quotation occurs after a short line that is itself indented at the beginning of a paragraph, indent the block quotation as you normally would.

If a quotation extends to more than four lines when run into your text, set if off from the text as a block indented half an inch from the left margin

Works cited:

Gikandi, Simon. Ngugi wa Thiong'o. Cambridge UP, 2000. ACLS Humanities E-book, hdl.handle.net/2027/fulcrum.12579s61p.

В работе:

For Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o,

     African writers are haunted by their past simply because the historical narratives that they thought would make their experiences more intelligible have instead confronted them with the opacity of the past. The turn to fiction, then, is one important way of clarifying the confusions created by historical events. . . . (Gikandi 3)

African writers are haunted by their past simply because the historical narratives that they thought would make their experiences more intelligible have instead confronted them with the opacity of the past. The turn to fiction, then, is one important way of clarifying the confusions created by historical events. . . .

Вплетено:

Virginia Woolf describes the scene vividly: "Everything had come to a standstill. The throb of the motor engines sounded like a pulse irregularly drumming through an entire body" (14).

Блоком:

Virginia Woolf describes the scene vividly:

     Everything had come to a standstill. The throb of the motor engines sounded like a pulse irregularly drumming through an entire body. The sun became extraordinarily hot because the motor car had stopped outside Mulberry's shop window; old ladies on the tops of omnibuses spread their black parasols; here a green, here a red parasol opened with a little pop. Mrs. Dalloway, coming to the window with her arms full of sweet peas, looked out with her little pink face pursed in enquiry. (14)

Everything had come to a standstill. The throb of the motor engines sounded like a pulse irregularly drumming through an entire body.

Mrs. Dalloway, coming to the window with her arms full of sweet peas, looked out with her little pink face pursed in enquiry.

Works cited:

Hemans, Felicia. "The Image in Lava." The Poetical Works of Mrs. Felicia Hemans, Grigg and Elliot, 1843, p. 318.

Вплетено (три строки или меньше, разрыв строфы как //):

"Since here the mournful seal was set / By love and agony! // Temple and tower have mouldered" (lines 3–5).

Блоком (четыре строки или больше; сохраните пустую строку между строфами):

Хеманс открывает отпечатком, а затем руинами:

     Thou thing of years departed!
     What ages have gone by,
     Since here the mournful seal was set
     By love and agony!

     Temple and tower have mouldered,
     Empires from earth have passed
     And woman's heart hath left a trace
     Those glories to outlast! (lines 1–8)

Thou thing of years departed! What ages have gone by, Since here the mournful seal was set By love and agony!

In a block quotation that includes more than one paragraph, indent the beginning of the paragraphs after the first one, even if your source uses line spaces instead of indentation to indicate paragraph breaks. Do not, however, indent the first line of the first paragraph in the block quotation, even if it is the start of a new paragraph in your source.

Библиография:

Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York, 1851. https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

В работе:

Измаил считает плавание лекарством:

     Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get such an upper hand of me, that it requires a strong moral principle to prevent me from deliberately stepping into the street, and methodically knocking people's hats off—then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can. This is my substitute for pistol and ball. With a philosophical flourish Cato throws himself upon his sword; I quietly take to the ship.1

Примечание:

1. Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (New York, 1851), chap. 1, https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

Позднее примечание:

5. Melville, Moby-Dick, chap. 1.

Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get such an upper hand of me, that it requires a strong moral principle to prevent me from deliberately stepping into the street, and methodically knocking people's hats off—then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can.

В работе:

Сам город тянет к морю:

     There now is your insular city of the Manhattoes, belted round by wharves as Indian isles by coral reefs—commerce surrounds it with her surf. Right and left, the streets take you waterward.
          Circumambulate the city of a dreamy Sabbath afternoon. Go from Corlears Hook to Coenties Slip, and from thence, by Whitehall, northward. What do you see?—Posted like silent sentinels all around the town, stand thousands upon thousands of mortal men fixed in ocean reveries.2

Примечание:

2. Melville, Moby-Dick, chap. 1.

There now is your insular city of the Manhattoes, belted round by wharves as Indian isles by coral reefs—commerce surrounds it with her surf.

Список литературы:

Melville, Herman. 1851. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York. https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

После блока:

     . . . I quietly take to the ship. (Melville 1851, chap. 1)

Вплетено:

Хеманс открывает отпечатком, "Thou thing of years departed! / What ages have gone by, / Since here the mournful seal was set," прежде чем стихотворение обращается к руинам.3

Примечание:

3. Felicia Hemans, "The Image in Lava," in The Poetical Works of Mrs. Felicia Hemans (Grigg and Elliot, 1843), 318.

Блоком:

     Thou thing of years departed!
     What ages have gone by,
     Since here the mournful seal was set
     By love and agony!4

Примечание:

4. Hemans, "Image in Lava," 318.

Полное предложение, двоеточие (официальное введение APA):

Researchers have studied how people talk to themselves:

Глагол говорения, запятая:

Как сформулировали Alderson-Day and Fernyhough (2015),

Грамматическое продолжение, без пунктуации:

Alderson-Day and Fernyhough (2015) утверждают, что

Не пишите:

Alderson-Day and Fernyhough argue that: — двоеточие рвёт незаконченную клаузу

Identify an omission within a sentence by using three periods with a space before each and a space after the last ( . . . )

Оригинал (официальный отрывок APA):

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings.

APA 7, слова вырезаны в середине предложения:

It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives . . . and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)

APA 7, вырезано целое предложение:

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. . . . Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)

MLA 9, тот же вырез предложения:

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. . . . Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day and Fernyhough 957)

Chicago 18, с помеченной вставкой:

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it [inner speech] scientifically. (Alderson-Day and Fernyhough 2015, 957)

Официальная внутриабзацная APA (Publication Manual §8.33 / перепечатка Йёнчёпинга):

Bliese et al. (2017) noted that "mobile devices enabled employees in many jobs to work 'anywhere, anytime' and stay electronically tethered to work outside formal working hours" (p. 391).

Ссылка:

Bliese, P. D., Edwards, J. R., & Sonnentag, S. (2017). Stress and well-being at work: A century of empirical trends reflecting theoretical and societal influences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000109

Та же формулировка блоком (двойные внутри; демонстрация вёрстки):

Bliese et al. (2017) отметили досягаемость телефона:

     Mobile devices enabled employees in many jobs to work "anywhere, anytime" and stay electronically tethered to work outside formal working hours. (p. 391)