APA, MLA, Chicago에서 블록 인용문을 서식하는 방법

APA 7, 괄호 인용:

콜론으로 끝나는 도입 문장:

     40단어 이상의 인용 텍스트. 0.5인치 들여쓰기, 두 줄 간격, 따옴표 없음, 자체 마침표로 끝냄. (Author, Year, p. Page)

APA 7, 서술 인용:

Author (Year)는 이렇게 말했습니다:

     40단어 이상의 인용 텍스트. (p. Page)

MLA 9:

콜론으로 끝나는 도입 문장:

     네 줄을 넘는 인용 산문. 0.5인치 들여쓰기, 두 줄 간격, 따옴표 없음. (Author Page)

Chicago 18, 노트-문헌목록:

콜론으로 끝나는 도입 문장:

     대략 100단어 이상, 또는 두 문단 이상의 인용 산문. 0.5인치 들여쓰기, 따옴표 없음.1

Chicago 18, 저자-연도:

     인용 산문. 같은 배치. (Author Year, Page)

Do not use quotation marks to enclose a block quotation.

Start a block quotation on a new line and indent the whole block 0.5 in. from the left margin.

Either (a) cite the source in parentheses after the quotation's final punctuation or (b) cite the author and year in the narrative before the quotation and place only the page number in parentheses after the quotation's final punctuation.

Do not add a period after the closing parenthesis in either case.

참고문헌:

Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015). Inner speech: Development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology. Psychological Bulletin, 141(5), 931–965. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000021

논문에서:

Researchers have studied how people talk to themselves:

     Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings.

참고문헌:

Flores, M. J., Watson, L. B., Allen, L. R., Ford, M., Serpe, C. R., Choo, P. Y., & Farrell, M. (2018). Transgender people of color's experiences of sexual objectification: Locating sexual objectification within a matrix of domination. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(3), 308–323. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000279

논문에서:

Flores et al. (2018) described how they addressed potential researcher bias when working with an intersectional community of transgender people of color:

     Everyone on the research team belonged to a stigmatized group but also held privileged identities. Throughout the research process, we attended to the ways in which our privileged and oppressed identities may have influenced the research process, findings, and presentation of results. (p. 311)

Everyone on the research team belonged to a stigmatized group but also held privileged identities. Throughout the research process, we attended to the ways in which our privileged and oppressed identities may have influenced the research process, findings, and presentation of results.

공식 제목+문단 예(Alamo / APA Style):

Music and language are intertwined in the brain such that "people who are better at rhythmic memory skills tend to excel at language skills as well" (DeAngelis, 2018, Musical Forays section, para. 4).

블록 뒤, 괄호:

(Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, para. 4)

블록 뒤, 서술에서 이미 출처를 밝힌 경우:

(Discussion section, para. 2)

장과 문단(전자책):

(Roy, 2008, Chapter 6, para. 3)

타임스탬프(시청각 작품):

(Cowan, 2022, 6:09)

Effective teams can be difficult to describe because "high performance along one domain does not translate to high performance along another" (Ervin et al., 2018, p. 470).

All block quotations in your work should be indented the same amount. Even if the block quotation occurs after a short line that is itself indented at the beginning of a paragraph, indent the block quotation as you normally would.

If a quotation extends to more than four lines when run into your text, set if off from the text as a block indented half an inch from the left margin

Works Cited:

Gikandi, Simon. Ngugi wa Thiong'o. Cambridge UP, 2000. ACLS Humanities E-book, hdl.handle.net/2027/fulcrum.12579s61p.

논문에서:

For Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o,

     African writers are haunted by their past simply because the historical narratives that they thought would make their experiences more intelligible have instead confronted them with the opacity of the past. The turn to fiction, then, is one important way of clarifying the confusions created by historical events. . . . (Gikandi 3)

African writers are haunted by their past simply because the historical narratives that they thought would make their experiences more intelligible have instead confronted them with the opacity of the past. The turn to fiction, then, is one important way of clarifying the confusions created by historical events. . . .

본문 속:

Virginia Woolf describes the scene vividly: "Everything had come to a standstill. The throb of the motor engines sounded like a pulse irregularly drumming through an entire body" (14).

블록:

Virginia Woolf describes the scene vividly:

     Everything had come to a standstill. The throb of the motor engines sounded like a pulse irregularly drumming through an entire body. The sun became extraordinarily hot because the motor car had stopped outside Mulberry's shop window; old ladies on the tops of omnibuses spread their black parasols; here a green, here a red parasol opened with a little pop. Mrs. Dalloway, coming to the window with her arms full of sweet peas, looked out with her little pink face pursed in enquiry. (14)

Everything had come to a standstill. The throb of the motor engines sounded like a pulse irregularly drumming through an entire body.

Mrs. Dalloway, coming to the window with her arms full of sweet peas, looked out with her little pink face pursed in enquiry.

Works Cited:

Hemans, Felicia. "The Image in Lava." The Poetical Works of Mrs. Felicia Hemans, Grigg and Elliot, 1843, p. 318.

본문 속(세 줄 이하. 연 나눔은 //):

"Since here the mournful seal was set / By love and agony! // Temple and tower have mouldered" (lines 3–5).

블록(네 줄 이상. 연 사이에 빈 줄 유지):

Hemans opens on the imprint and then on ruins:

     Thou thing of years departed!
     What ages have gone by,
     Since here the mournful seal was set
     By love and agony!

     Temple and tower have mouldered,
     Empires from earth have passed
     And woman's heart hath left a trace
     Those glories to outlast! (lines 1–8)

Thou thing of years departed! What ages have gone by, Since here the mournful seal was set By love and agony!

In a block quotation that includes more than one paragraph, indent the beginning of the paragraphs after the first one, even if your source uses line spaces instead of indentation to indicate paragraph breaks. Do not, however, indent the first line of the first paragraph in the block quotation, even if it is the start of a new paragraph in your source.

문헌목록:

Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York, 1851. https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

논문에서:

Ishmael treats the voyage as a cure:

     Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get such an upper hand of me, that it requires a strong moral principle to prevent me from deliberately stepping into the street, and methodically knocking people's hats off—then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can. This is my substitute for pistol and ball. With a philosophical flourish Cato throws himself upon his sword; I quietly take to the ship.1

주:

1. Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (New York, 1851), chap. 1, https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

이후 주:

5. Melville, Moby-Dick, chap. 1.

Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get such an upper hand of me, that it requires a strong moral principle to prevent me from deliberately stepping into the street, and methodically knocking people's hats off—then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can.

논문에서:

The city itself is drawn seaward:

     There now is your insular city of the Manhattoes, belted round by wharves as Indian isles by coral reefs—commerce surrounds it with her surf. Right and left, the streets take you waterward.
          Circumambulate the city of a dreamy Sabbath afternoon. Go from Corlears Hook to Coenties Slip, and from thence, by Whitehall, northward. What do you see?—Posted like silent sentinels all around the town, stand thousands upon thousands of mortal men fixed in ocean reveries.2

주:

2. Melville, Moby-Dick, chap. 1.

There now is your insular city of the Manhattoes, belted round by wharves as Indian isles by coral reefs—commerce surrounds it with her surf.

참고문헌 목록:

Melville, Herman. 1851. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York. https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

블록 뒤:

     . . . I quietly take to the ship. (Melville 1851, chap. 1)

본문 속:

Hemans opens on the imprint, "Thou thing of years departed! / What ages have gone by, / Since here the mournful seal was set," before the poem turns to ruins.3

주:

3. Felicia Hemans, "The Image in Lava," in The Poetical Works of Mrs. Felicia Hemans (Grigg and Elliot, 1843), 318.

블록:

     Thou thing of years departed!
     What ages have gone by,
     Since here the mournful seal was set
     By love and agony!4

주:

4. Hemans, "Image in Lava," 318.

완결 문장, 콜론(공식 APA 도입):

Researchers have studied how people talk to themselves:

말하기 동사, 쉼표:

As Alderson-Day and Fernyhough (2015) put it,

문법적 연속, 구두점 없음:

Alderson-Day and Fernyhough (2015) argue that

이렇게 쓰지 말 것:

Alderson-Day and Fernyhough argue that: — the colon splits an unfinished clause

Identify an omission within a sentence by using three periods with a space before each and a space after the last ( . . . )

원문(공식 APA 발췌):

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings.

APA 7, 문장 중간에서 단어를 자름:

It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives . . . and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)

APA 7, 문장 전체를 자름:

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. . . . Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)

MLA 9, 같은 문장 삭제:

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. . . . Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day and Fernyhough 957)

Chicago 18, 표시한 삽입:

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it [inner speech] scientifically. (Alderson-Day and Fernyhough 2015, 957)

공식 APA 본문 속(Publication Manual §8.33 / Jönköping 재수록):

Bliese et al. (2017) noted that "mobile devices enabled employees in many jobs to work 'anywhere, anytime' and stay electronically tethered to work outside formal working hours" (p. 391).

참고문헌:

Bliese, P. D., Edwards, J. R., & Sonnentag, S. (2017). Stress and well-being at work: A century of empirical trends reflecting theoretical and societal influences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000109

같은 문구를 블록(안쪽은 겹따옴표. 배치 시연):

Bliese et al. (2017) noted the reach of the phone:

     Mobile devices enabled employees in many jobs to work "anywhere, anytime" and stay electronically tethered to work outside formal working hours. (p. 391)