바꿔 쓸 때 쪽 번호가 필요한가?

APA 7, 최소형(저작 전체 또는 짧은 출처):

(Author, Year)

APA 7, 특정 구절에 권장:

(Author, Year, p. 12) or (Author, Year, pp. 12–14)

APA 7, 인용(쪽 필수):

"Quoted words" (Author, Year, p. 12).

MLA 9, 쪽 있는 구절:

(Author 12) or (Author 12–14)

Chicago 18 첫 주:

1. Author First Last, Title of Book (Publisher, Year), 12.

Chicago 18 축약 주:

2. Last, Short Title, 12–14.

Chicago 18 author-date:

(Author Year, 12)

APA Style, “Paraphrases”(2026년 10월 6일 확인):

Although it is not required to provide a page or paragraph number in the citation, you may include one (in addition to the author and year) when it would help interested readers locate the relevant passage within a long or complex work (e.g., a book).

APA Style, “Quotations”:

For a direct quotation, always include a full citation (parenthetical or narrative) in the same sentence as the quotation, including the page number (or other location information, e.g., paragraph number).

MLA Style Center, “In-Text Citations: An Overview”(2021년 4월 1일):

When relevant, an in-text citation also has a second component: if a specific part of a work is quoted or paraphrased and the work includes a page number, line number, time stamp, or other way to point readers to the place in the work where the information can be found, that location marker must be included in parentheses.

Webster-Stratton (2016) described a case example of a 4-year-old girl who showed an insecure attachment to her mother; in working with the family dyad, the therapist focused on increasing the mother’s empathy for her child (pp. 152–153).

이 예가 가르치는 것:

이 문장은 바꿔 쓰기이지 인용이 아닙니다. 그런데도 APA는 사례가 책의 두 쪽에 걸쳐 있으므로 pp. 152–153을 인쇄합니다. 그것이 §8.23이 말하는 선택적 위치 표시입니다.

저작 전체 바꿔 쓰기(쪽 없음). Common Reference Examples, 2026년 3월 3일:

Levenson, H., Jinich, S., Vaz, A., & Rousmaniere, T. (2025). Deliberate practice in emotionally focused couple therapy. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000436-000

저작 전체 인용:

책의 요약은 저자와 연도만 씁니다 (Levenson et al., 2025).

직접 인용(쪽 필수). APA Style “Quotations”:

Effective teams can be difficult to describe because “high performance along one domain does not translate to high performance along another” (Ervin et al., 2018, p. 470).

Ervin et al. 참고문헌(확인된 논문. 인용은 APA Style이 인쇄한 대로):

Ervin, J. N., Kahn, J. M., Cohen, T. R., & Weingart, L. R. (2018). Teamwork in the intensive care unit. American Psychologist, 73(4), 468–477. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000247

A paraphrase may continue for several sentences. In such cases, cite the work being paraphrased on first mention. Once the work has been cited, it is not necessary to repeat the citation as long as the context of the writing makes it clear that the same work continues to be paraphrased.

If the paraphrase continues into a new paragraph, reintroduce the citation. If the paraphrase incorporates multiple sources or switches among sources, repeat the citation so the source is clear.

Velez et al. (2018) found that for women of color, sexism and racism in the workplace were associated with poor work and mental health outcomes, including job-related burnout, turnover intentions, and psychological distress. However, self-esteem, person–organization fit, and perceived organizational support mediated these effects. Additionally, stronger womanist attitudes—which acknowledge the unique challenges faced by women of color in a sexist and racist society—weakened the association of workplace discrimination with psychological distress. These findings underscore the importance of considering multiple forms of workplace discrimination in clinical practice and research with women of color, along with efforts to challenge and reduce such discrimination.

Velez et al. 참고문헌(PubMed 29543474):

Velez, B. L., Cox, R., Jr., Polihronakis, C. J., & Moradi, B. (2018). Discrimination, work outcomes, and mental health among women of color: The protective role of womanist attitudes. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(2), 178–193. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000274

이 예가 가르치는 것:

네 문장, 맨 앞의 서술 인용 하나, 쪽 없음. 논문이 짧아서 APA의 공식 표본은 이 결과를 저작 전체 바꿔 쓰기로 다룹니다.

저작 인용:

Baron, Naomi S. “Redefining Reading: The Impact of Digital Communication Media.” PMLA, vol. 128, no. 1, Jan. 2013, pp. 193–200.

저작 전체 언급(쪽 없음). 공식 산문 인용:

Naomi Baron broke new ground on the subject.

저작 전체 언급(쪽 없음). 공식 괄호:

At least one researcher has broken new ground on the subject (Baron).

특정 쪽의 인용. 공식:

According to Naomi Baron, reading is “just half of literacy. The other half is writing” (194).

같은 인용, 저자를 괄호에. 공식:

Reading is “just half of literacy. The other half is writing” (Baron 194).

같은 공식 문장의 바꿔 쓰기(쪽은 여전히 필수):

Baron treats writing as the other half of literacy, not a leftover skill (194).

Baron은 문해력을 하나가 아니라 두 가지 기술로 본다. 읽기는 일의 절반일 뿐이고, 쓰기가 나머지 절반이다 (194).

템플릿 문장(Yu의 줄거리를 만들지 말 것):

[여기에 그 구절의 바꿔 쓰기를 적는다.]¹

첫 주. 공식:

1. Charles Yu, Interior Chinatown (Pantheon Books, 2020), 45.

첫 주, 저자 두 명, 공식 범위 축약:

2. Amy J. Binder and Jeffrey L. Kidder, The Channels of Student Activism: How the Left and Right Are Winning (and Losing) in Campus Politics Today (University of Chicago Press, 2022), 117–18.

축약 주. 공식:

3. Yu, Interior Chinatown, 48.

축약 주, 저자 두 명. 공식:

4. Binder and Kidder, Channels of Student Activism, 125.

참고문헌. 공식:

Yu, Charles. Interior Chinatown. Pantheon Books, 2020.

참고문헌. 공식:

Binder, Amy J., and Jeffrey L. Kidder. The Channels of Student Activism: How the Left and Right Are Winning (and Losing) in Campus Politics Today. University of Chicago Press, 2022.

책 전체의 주(쪽 없음). 공식 편집본 예:

1. P. J. M. Marks and Stephen Parkin, eds., The Book by Design: The Remarkable Story of the World’s Greatest Invention (University of Chicago Press, 2023).

특정 쪽. 공식:

(Yu 2020, 45)

공식 범위(둘째 숫자 축약):

(Binder and Kidder 2022, 117–18)

학술지 논문, 공식 범위:

(Kwon 2022, 1842–43)

편집본 전체, 쪽 없음. 공식:

(Marks and Parkin 2023)

Kwon 참고문헌 목록. 공식:

Kwon, Hyeyoung. 2022. “Inclusion Work: Children of Immigrants Claiming Membership in Everyday Life.” American Journal of Sociology 127 (6): 1818–59. https://doi.org/10.1086/720277.

For downloadable ebook formats, name the format; if no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the note (or simply omit).

주. 공식:

1. Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things (Random House, 2008), chap. 6, Kindle.

author-date. 공식:

(Roy 2008, chap. 6)

• 모든 직접 인용에 세 스타일 모두에서 쪽 또는 다른 위치 표시가 있다.
• 쪽 있는 출처에서 온 모든 MLA 바꿔 쓰기에 쪽이 있다.
• 특정 구절의 모든 Chicago 주는 저작 범위가 아니라 그 구절의 쪽으로 끝난다.
• 긴 저작의 특정 구절에 대한 APA 바꿔 쓰기에는 쪽이 있고, 저작 전체 바꿔 쓰기에는 없다.
• 범위는 en dash와 그 스타일의 올바른 축약 규칙을 쓴다.
• 쪽 없는 출처는 인쇄물의 쪽이 아니라 스타일이 허용하는 위치 표시를 쓴다.
• 긴 바꿔 쓰기는 앞에서 인용하고, 출처가 바뀌는 곳에서 다시 인용한다.