쪽수 없는 출처 인용하는 방법

APA 7 §8.23, 바꿔 쓰기(Publication Manual p. 269):

Although it is not required to provide a page or paragraph number in the citation for a paraphrase, you may include one in addition to the author and year when it would help interested readers locate the relevant passage within a long or complex work

APA 7 §8.25, 인용(p. 270):

If the work does not have page numbers, provide another way for the reader to locate the quotation

APA 7, 문단 템플릿:

(Author, year, para. 4)

APA 7, 제목+문단 템플릿:

(Author, year, Heading section, para. 2)

APA 7, 시청각 템플릿:

(Author, year, 4:32)

MLA Handbook, 쪽수 없는 출처:

When a source has no page numbers or any other kind of part number, no number should be given in a parenthetical citation

MLA 9, 번호 없는 웹페이지:

(Author) — or no parentheses if the author is already in the sentence

MLA 9, 출처가 스스로 문단에 번호를 매기는 경우:

(Author, par. 12)

MLA 9, 동영상 또는 팟캐스트:

(Author 00:04:32–00:04:50)

CMOS 18 Quick Guide, 고정 쪽이 없는 전자책:

For downloadable ebook formats, name the format; if no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the note (or simply omit).

Chicago 18 주 템플릿:

1. Author, Title (Publisher, Year), chap. 3, Kindle.

Chicago 18 author-date 템플릿:

(Author Year, chap. 3) or (Author Year, 4:32)

To directly quote from written material that does not contain page numbers (e.g., webpages and websites, some ebooks), provide readers with another way of locating the quoted passage.

Any of the following approaches is acceptable; use the approach that will best help readers find the quotation:

공식 인용문:

For people with osteoarthritis, "painful joints should be moved through a full range of motion every day to maintain flexibility and to slow deterioration of cartilage" (Gecht-Silver & Duncombe, 2015, Osteoarthritis section).

괄호 위치 표시만:

(Gecht-Silver & Duncombe, 2015, Osteoarthritis section)

원래 제목에 대한 공식 주:

In the next example, the original heading was "What Can You Do to Prevent Kidney Failure?" and the items are quoted separately because they originally appeared as part of a bulleted list.

공식 인용문:

To prevent kidney failure, patients should "get active," "quit smoking," and "take medications as directed" (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017, "What Can You Do" section).

공식 인용문:

People planning for retirement need more than just money—they also "need to stockpile their emotional reserves" to ensure adequate support from family and friends (Chamberlin, 2014, para. 1).

참고문헌(APA 자신의 Chamberlin 항목의 APA 7 형식):

Chamberlin, J. (2014, January). Retiring minds want to know. Monitor on Psychology, 45(1). https://www.apa.org/monitor/2014/01/retiring-minds

괄호:

(Chamberlin, 2014, para. 1)

서술:

Chamberlin (2014, para. 1)

공식 인용문:

Music and language are intertwined in the brain such that "people who are better at rhythmic memory skills tend to excel at language skills as well" (DeAngelis, 2018, Musical Forays section, para. 4).

참고문헌(살아있는 Monitor URL, 2018년 7월/8월):

DeAngelis, T. (2018, July/August). Lab work: Tuning in to our amazing auditory system. Monitor on Psychology, 49(7). https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/07-08/auditory-system

괄호:

(DeAngelis, 2018, Musical Forays section, para. 4)

Do not include Kindle location numbers with in-text citations.

Instead, provide the page number (which is available in many Kindle books, especially those based on print editions) or use the methods described in this section to create a page number alternative.

쓰지 말 것:

(Author, year, loc. 1247)

장과 문단 템플릿:

(Author, year, Chapter 3, para. 6)

To directly quote from an audiovisual work (e.g., audiobook, YouTube video, TED Talk, TV show), provide a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation in place of a page number.

공식 인용문:

People make "sweeping inferences and judgments from body language" (Cuddy, 2012, 2:12).

참고문헌(Common Reference Examples TED 형식):

Cuddy, A. (2012, June). Your body language may shape who you are [Video]. TED Conferences. https://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_may_shape_who_you_are

공식 성서 인용:

The person vowed to "set me as a seal upon thine heart" (King James Bible, 1769/2017, Song of Solomon 8:6).

공식 희곡 인용:

In Much Ado About Nothing, Don John said, "In the meantime/ let me be that I am and seek not to alter me" (Shakespeare, 1623/1995, 1.3.36-37).

공식 Handbook 문장:

When a source has no page numbers or any other kind of part number, no number should be given in a parenthetical citation

공식 Style Center 인용:

“As we read we . . . construct the terrain of a book” (Hollmichel), something that is more difficult when the text reflows on a screen.

공식 Style Center, 저자가 이미 문장에 있는 경우:

Stefanie Hollmichel remarks that “[a]s we read we . . . construct the terrain of a book,” something that is more difficult when the text reflows on a screen.

공식 저작 인용(Style Center 설명):

Hollmichel, Stefanie. “The Reading Brain: Differences between Digital and Print.” So Many Books, 25 Apr. 2013, somanybooksblog.com/2013/04/25/the-readingbrain-differences-between-digital-and-print/.

쓰지 말 것:

(Hollmichel par. 4) or (Hollmichel n. pag.)

번호 매긴 문단:

(Author, par. 12)

번호 매긴 절:

(Author, sec. 3)

번호 매긴 장:

(Author, ch. 3)

저자가 문장에 있는 경우:

The author argues the point (par. 12).

공식 Style Center 권고:

The MLA recommends making your citations useful to your reader. A time stamp could help your reader locate the scene in a movie, video, or television show that you are discussing, so you might want to include that information.

Handbook / Style Center 범위 형식:

("Moving Day" 00:26:17–00:26:52)

For downloadable ebook formats, name the format; if no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the note (or simply omit).

공식 주:

1. Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things (Random House, 2008), chap. 6, Kindle.

공식 축약 주:

5. Roy, God of Small Things, chap. 7.

공식 참고문헌:

Roy, Arundhati. The God of Small Things. Random House, 2008. Kindle.

공식 Quick Guide 주(쪽 없음, 만들어 낸 para. 없음):

1. “Privacy Policy,” Privacy & Terms, Google, effective November 15, https://policies.google.com/privacy.

공식 참고문헌:

Google. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Effective November 15, 2023. https://policies.google.com/privacy.

제목 위치 표시 템플릿(공식 Google 행이 아님):

1. Author, "Title of Page," Site, Month Day, Year, under "Heading," https://xxxxx.

센 문단 템플릿(공식 Google 행이 아님):

2. Author, "Title of Page," para. 4.

공식 축약 주:

1. Cowan, “Green Hydrogen,” at 6:09–17.

참고문헌 목록(Quick Guide 참고문헌, 연도 이동):

Roy, Arundhati. 2008. The God of Small Things. Random House. Kindle.

본문, 공식 장 위치 표시:

(Roy 2008, chap. 6)

본문, 제목 템플릿:

(Author 2023, under "Heading")

본문, 동영상 시간 지점:

(Cowan 2022, 6:09)

• PDF, 전자책, 또는 대본이 원래 인쇄 쪽매김을 담고 있는지 확인했다. 담고 있으면 그 쪽을 인용했다.
• 이것이 위치 표시가 필요한 인용 또는 밀착된 바꿔 쓰기인지 확인했다. 저작 전체 요약에는 필요 없다.
• APA: para., 제목, 제목+para., 또는 시작 타임스탬프를 주었고 Kindle 위치는 쓰지 않았다.
• MLA: 출처가 스스로 문단, 절, 장에 번호를 매기지 않으면 위치 표시를 주지 않았고, par., sec., ch. 앞에 쉼표를 썼다.
• Chicago: chap., under "Heading", para., 또는 시간 지점을 주었고, 전자책 항목 끝에 Kindle 또는 다른 형식을 적었다.
• 타임스탬프는 스타일에 맞췄다. APA는 시작점, MLA는 hh:mm:ss 범위, Chicago 주에서는 at과 시간 지점.
• 문단은 화면 맨 위가 아니라 기사 맨 위 또는 이름 붙인 제목부터 셌다.
• 출력물에서 쪽을 만들어 내지 않았고, n. pag.라고 쓰지 않았다.