APA, MLA और Chicago में ब्लॉक उद्धरण कैसे प्रारूपित करें

APA 7, कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

कोलन पर समाप्त होता परिचयात्मक वाक्य:

     40 या अधिक शब्दों का उद्धृत पाठ, 0.5 in इंडेंट, डबल-स्पेस्ड, बिना उद्धरण चिह्नों के, अपने ही पूर्णविराम पर समाप्त। (लेखक, वर्ष, p. पृष्ठ)

APA 7, आख्यानात्मक उद्धरण:

लेखक (वर्ष) ने इसे इस तरह कहा:

     40 या अधिक शब्दों का उद्धृत पाठ। (p. पृष्ठ)

MLA 9:

कोलन पर समाप्त होता परिचयात्मक वाक्य:

     चार से अधिक पंक्तियों का उद्धृत गद्य, 0.5 in इंडेंट, डबल-स्पेस्ड, बिना उद्धरण चिह्नों के। (लेखक पृष्ठ)

Chicago 18, notes-bibliography:

कोलन पर समाप्त होता परिचयात्मक वाक्य:

     लगभग 100 शब्द या अधिक का उद्धृत गद्य, या दो या अधिक अनुच्छेद, 0.5 in इंडेंट, बिना उद्धरण चिह्नों के।1

Chicago 18, author-date:

     उद्धृत गद्य, वही लेआउट। (लेखक वर्ष, पृष्ठ)

Do not use quotation marks to enclose a block quotation.

Start a block quotation on a new line and indent the whole block 0.5 in. from the left margin.

Either (a) cite the source in parentheses after the quotation's final punctuation or (b) cite the author and year in the narrative before the quotation and place only the page number in parentheses after the quotation's final punctuation.

Do not add a period after the closing parenthesis in either case.

संदर्भ:

Alderson-Day, B., & Fernyhough, C. (2015). Inner speech: Development, cognitive functions, phenomenology, and neurobiology. Psychological Bulletin, 141(5), 931–965. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000021

पेपर में:

Researchers have studied how people talk to themselves:

     Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings.

संदर्भ:

Flores, M. J., Watson, L. B., Allen, L. R., Ford, M., Serpe, C. R., Choo, P. Y., & Farrell, M. (2018). Transgender people of color's experiences of sexual objectification: Locating sexual objectification within a matrix of domination. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 65(3), 308–323. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000279

पेपर में:

Flores et al. (2018) described how they addressed potential researcher bias when working with an intersectional community of transgender people of color:

     Everyone on the research team belonged to a stigmatized group but also held privileged identities. Throughout the research process, we attended to the ways in which our privileged and oppressed identities may have influenced the research process, findings, and presentation of results. (p. 311)

Everyone on the research team belonged to a stigmatized group but also held privileged identities. Throughout the research process, we attended to the ways in which our privileged and oppressed identities may have influenced the research process, findings, and presentation of results.

आधिकारिक शीर्षक-प्लस-अनुच्छेद उदाहरण (Alamo / APA Style):

Music and language are intertwined in the brain such that "people who are better at rhythmic memory skills tend to excel at language skills as well" (DeAngelis, 2018, Musical Forays section, para. 4).

ब्लॉक के बाद, कोष्ठकीय:

(Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, para. 4)

ब्लॉक के बाद, आख्यान ने स्रोत पहले ही नाम दिया:

(Discussion section, para. 2)

अध्याय और अनुच्छेद (ई-पुस्तक):

(Roy, 2008, Chapter 6, para. 3)

टाइमस्टैंप (ऑडियोविज़ुअल कृति):

(Cowan, 2022, 6:09)

Effective teams can be difficult to describe because "high performance along one domain does not translate to high performance along another" (Ervin et al., 2018, p. 470).

All block quotations in your work should be indented the same amount. Even if the block quotation occurs after a short line that is itself indented at the beginning of a paragraph, indent the block quotation as you normally would.

If a quotation extends to more than four lines when run into your text, set if off from the text as a block indented half an inch from the left margin

Works cited:

Gikandi, Simon. Ngugi wa Thiong'o. Cambridge UP, 2000. ACLS Humanities E-book, hdl.handle.net/2027/fulcrum.12579s61p.

पेपर में:

For Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o,

     African writers are haunted by their past simply because the historical narratives that they thought would make their experiences more intelligible have instead confronted them with the opacity of the past. The turn to fiction, then, is one important way of clarifying the confusions created by historical events. . . . (Gikandi 3)

African writers are haunted by their past simply because the historical narratives that they thought would make their experiences more intelligible have instead confronted them with the opacity of the past. The turn to fiction, then, is one important way of clarifying the confusions created by historical events. . . .

रन-इन:

Virginia Woolf describes the scene vividly: "Everything had come to a standstill. The throb of the motor engines sounded like a pulse irregularly drumming through an entire body" (14).

ब्लॉक:

Virginia Woolf describes the scene vividly:

     Everything had come to a standstill. The throb of the motor engines sounded like a pulse irregularly drumming through an entire body. The sun became extraordinarily hot because the motor car had stopped outside Mulberry's shop window; old ladies on the tops of omnibuses spread their black parasols; here a green, here a red parasol opened with a little pop. Mrs. Dalloway, coming to the window with her arms full of sweet peas, looked out with her little pink face pursed in enquiry. (14)

Everything had come to a standstill. The throb of the motor engines sounded like a pulse irregularly drumming through an entire body.

Mrs. Dalloway, coming to the window with her arms full of sweet peas, looked out with her little pink face pursed in enquiry.

Works cited:

Hemans, Felicia. "The Image in Lava." The Poetical Works of Mrs. Felicia Hemans, Grigg and Elliot, 1843, p. 318.

रन-इन (तीन पंक्तियाँ या कम, छंद-विराम // के रूप में):

"Since here the mournful seal was set / By love and agony! // Temple and tower have mouldered" (lines 3–5).

ब्लॉक (चार या अधिक पंक्तियाँ; छंदों के बीच खाली पंक्ति रखें):

Hemans opens on the imprint and then on ruins:

     Thou thing of years departed!
     What ages have gone by,
     Since here the mournful seal was set
     By love and agony!

     Temple and tower have mouldered,
     Empires from earth have passed
     And woman's heart hath left a trace
     Those glories to outlast! (lines 1–8)

Thou thing of years departed! What ages have gone by, Since here the mournful seal was set By love and agony!

In a block quotation that includes more than one paragraph, indent the beginning of the paragraphs after the first one, even if your source uses line spaces instead of indentation to indicate paragraph breaks. Do not, however, indent the first line of the first paragraph in the block quotation, even if it is the start of a new paragraph in your source.

ग्रंथसूची:

Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York, 1851. https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

पेपर में:

Ishmael treats the voyage as a cure:

     Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get such an upper hand of me, that it requires a strong moral principle to prevent me from deliberately stepping into the street, and methodically knocking people's hats off—then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can. This is my substitute for pistol and ball. With a philosophical flourish Cato throws himself upon his sword; I quietly take to the ship.1

नोट:

1. Herman Melville, Moby-Dick; or, The Whale (New York, 1851), chap. 1, https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

बाद का नोट:

5. Melville, Moby-Dick, chap. 1.

Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul; whenever I find myself involuntarily pausing before coffin warehouses, and bringing up the rear of every funeral I meet; and especially whenever my hypos get such an upper hand of me, that it requires a strong moral principle to prevent me from deliberately stepping into the street, and methodically knocking people's hats off—then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can.

पेपर में:

The city itself is drawn seaward:

     There now is your insular city of the Manhattoes, belted round by wharves as Indian isles by coral reefs—commerce surrounds it with her surf. Right and left, the streets take you waterward.
          Circumambulate the city of a dreamy Sabbath afternoon. Go from Corlears Hook to Coenties Slip, and from thence, by Whitehall, northward. What do you see?—Posted like silent sentinels all around the town, stand thousands upon thousands of mortal men fixed in ocean reveries.2

नोट:

2. Melville, Moby-Dick, chap. 1.

There now is your insular city of the Manhattoes, belted round by wharves as Indian isles by coral reefs—commerce surrounds it with her surf.

संदर्भ सूची:

Melville, Herman. 1851. Moby-Dick; or, The Whale. New York. https://melville.electroniclibrary.org/moby-dick-side-by-side.

ब्लॉक के बाद:

     . . . I quietly take to the ship. (Melville 1851, chap. 1)

रन-इन:

Hemans opens on the imprint, "Thou thing of years departed! / What ages have gone by, / Since here the mournful seal was set," before the poem turns to ruins.3

नोट:

3. Felicia Hemans, "The Image in Lava," in The Poetical Works of Mrs. Felicia Hemans (Grigg and Elliot, 1843), 318.

ब्लॉक:

     Thou thing of years departed!
     What ages have gone by,
     Since here the mournful seal was set
     By love and agony!4

नोट:

4. Hemans, "Image in Lava," 318.

पूरा वाक्य, कोलन (आधिकारिक APA परिचय):

Researchers have studied how people talk to themselves:

कथन-क्रिया, अल्पविराम:

As Alderson-Day and Fernyhough (2015) put it,

व्याकरणिक निरंतरता, कोई विराम-चिह्न नहीं:

Alderson-Day and Fernyhough (2015) argue that

यह न लिखें:

Alderson-Day and Fernyhough argue that: — कोलन अधूरे उपवाक्य को तोड़ता है

Identify an omission within a sentence by using three periods with a space before each and a space after the last ( . . . )

मूल (आधिकारिक APA अंश):

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings.

APA 7, वाक्य के बीच शब्द कटे:

It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives . . . and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it scientifically. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)

APA 7, पूरा वाक्य कटा:

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. . . . Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day & Fernyhough, 2015, p. 957)

MLA 9, वही वाक्य कटा:

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. . . . Nevertheless, a wide range of methodologies and approaches have combined to shed light on the subjective experience of inner speech and its cognitive and neural underpinnings. (Alderson-Day and Fernyhough 957)

Chicago 18, लेबल लगे सम्मिलन के साथ:

Inner speech is a paradoxical phenomenon. It is an experience that is central to many people's everyday lives, and yet it presents considerable challenges to any effort to study it [inner speech] scientifically. (Alderson-Day and Fernyhough 2015, 957)

आधिकारिक APA रन-इन (Publication Manual §8.33 / Jönköping पुनर्मुद्रण):

Bliese et al. (2017) noted that "mobile devices enabled employees in many jobs to work 'anywhere, anytime' and stay electronically tethered to work outside formal working hours" (p. 391).

संदर्भ:

Bliese, P. D., Edwards, J. R., & Sonnentag, S. (2017). Stress and well-being at work: A century of empirical trends reflecting theoretical and societal influences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 389–402. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000109

वही शब्द-चयन ब्लॉक (अंदर दोहरे; लेआउट प्रदर्शन):

Bliese et al. (2017) noted the reach of the phone:

     Mobile devices enabled employees in many jobs to work "anywhere, anytime" and stay electronically tethered to work outside formal working hours. (p. 391)