如何引用博物馆展览、说明牌或文物

APA 7 艺术品，现场观看：

Artist, A. A. (Year). Title of work [Medium]. Museum Name, City, ST, Country.

APA 7 铭牌或墙面文字：

[Plaque with background information about Title]. (n.d. or exhibition year). Museum Name, City, ST, Country.

APA 7 展览，策展人不详：

Title of exhibition [Exhibition]. (Year–Year). Museum Name, City, ST, Country.

MLA 9 艺术品，现场观看：

Artist Last Name, First Name. Title of Work. Year, Museum Name, City.

MLA 9 墙面文字：

Wall text for Title of Work, by Artist Name. Exhibition Title, Day Mon. Year-Day Mon. Year, Museum Name, City.

Chicago 18 艺术品注释（CMOS 14.133）：

1. Artist Name, Title of Work, Year, medium, dimensions, Museum Name, City, object no. Accession, URL if consulted online.

Chicago 18 图录注释（CMOS 14.134）：

2. Author Name, Title of Catalog, exh. cat. (Publisher, Year), Page.

Use this format to cite all types of museum artwork, including paintings, sculptures, photographs, prints, drawings, digital art, crafts, and installations.

Always include a description of the medium or format in square brackets after the title. The description is flexible (e.g., a general description such as “[Painting]” or a more specific description such as “[Oil painting]” or “[Oil on canvas]”).

For untitled artwork, include a description in square brackets in place of a title.

Provide a link to the artwork on the museum website if available.

Provide the curator(s) of the exhibition in the author element of the reference.

When the curator is unknown, move the title of the exhibition to the author position of the reference.

Provide a description of the plaque in square brackets rather than the name of the artwork or item so it is clear that you are citing the plaque itself.

If the plaque itself is dated, use that date. If the plaque is not dated, use “n.d.” Do not use the date of the artwork or item being described.

参考文献表，现场观看（Wood, 1930）：

Wood, G. (1930). American gothic [Painting]. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.

括号内：

(Wood, 1930)

参考文献表，同一件作品在 Art Institute 网站上：

Wood, G. (1930). American gothic [Painting]. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. https://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/6565

参考文献表，官方 van Gogh 在线行：

van Gogh, V. (1889). The starry night [Painting]. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, United States. https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/vincent-van-gogh-the-starry-night-1889/

括号内：

(van Gogh, 1889)

叙述式：

van Gogh (1889)

参考文献表：

[Plaque with background information about American Gothic]. (n.d.). Art Institute Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.

括号内：

([Plaque with background information about American Gothic], n.d.)

叙述式：

[Plaque with background information about American Gothic] (n.d.)

参考文献表，无署名策展人的展览：

Design for eternity: Architectural models from the ancient Americas [Exhibition]. (2015–2016). The Met Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, United States. https://www.metmuseum.org/exhibitions/listings/2015/design-for-eternity

括号内：

(Design for Eternity, 2015–2016)

参考文献表，有具名策展人的展览：

Martinez, J.-L., & Douar, F. (2018–2019). Archaeology goes graphic [Exhibition]. The Louvre, Paris, France. https://www.louvre.fr/en/expositions/archaeology-goes-graphic

括号内：

(Martinez & Douar, 2018–2019)

参考文献表，大都会展览图录（书，不是展览）：

Pillsbury, J., Sarro, P. J., Doyle, J. A., & Wiersema, J. B. (2015). Design for eternity: Architectural models from the ancient Americas. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

参考文献表，Bambach 图录：

Bambach, C. C. (2017). Michelangelo: Divine draftsman and designer. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Note that in the above works-cited-list entries, the date is followed by a comma in the first example and a period in the second. In the first example, 1975 is in the publication-date slot on the MLA format template. In the second example, 1975 tells you when The Train was created, not when it was published on the site MOMA.

There is no date after the title of the container (MOMA) because the date the image was posted is not given on the site.

Provide a description of the wall text as the title of the source. This may include the title of the artwork the wall text explains and the artist who created it.

Cite an art catalog the way you would cite a book.

著作引用，在展厅中观看：

Bearden, Romare. The Train. 1975, Museum of Modern Art, New York.

著作引用，在博物馆网站上观看：

Bearden, Romare. The Train. 1975. MOMA, www.moma.org/collection/works/65232?locale=en.

文内：

(Bearden)

著作引用，有日期展览中的说明：

Wall text for A Warrior’s Story, Honoring Grandpa Blue Bird, by Lauren Good Day Giago. Unbound: Narrative Art of the Plains, 12 Mar.-4 Dec. 2016, National Museum of the American Indian, New York.

著作引用，有日期展览中的无标题对象：

Wall text for central Caribbean tripod vessel in the form of a spectacled owl. Céramica de los Ancestros: Central America’s Past Revealed, 18 Apr. 2015-Dec. 2017, National Museum of the American Indian, New York.

著作引用，常设馆藏说明：

Wall text for jar with feathered serpent design. National Museum of the American Indian, New York.

文内（描述的前几个词，不加引号）：

(Wall text for A Warrior’s Story)

著作引用，在有日期展览中看到的艺术品：

Turner, Joseph Mallord William. Dieppe: The Port from the Quai Henri IV. Turner’s Modern and Ancient Ports: Passages through Time, 23 Feb. 2017- 14 May 2017, Frick Collection, New York.

著作引用，展览本身：

Unbound: Narrative Art of the Plains. 12 Mar.-4 Dec. 2016, National Museum of the American Indian, New York.

著作引用，以艺术家为中心的装置：

Cave, Nick. Until. 15 Oct. 2016-Aug. 2017, Mass MOCA, North Adams.

展览的文内引用：

(Unbound)

著作引用，有作者的图录：

Bambach, Carmen C. Michelangelo: Divine Draftsman and Designer. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2017.

著作引用，无作者或编者的图录：

American Encounters: The Simple Pleasures of Still Life. High Museum of Art, 2014.

文内：

(Bambach); (American Encounters)

Information about paintings, photographs, sculptures, or other works of art can usually be presented in the text rather than in a note or bibliography.

If a note or bibliography entry is needed, list the artist, a title (in italics), and a date of creation or completion, followed by information about the medium and the location of the work.

For works consulted online, add a URL (14.133).

Museum accession numbers should be included in citations of artworks when they are available.

The abbreviation “exh. cat.” may be used for an exhibition catalog cited in a note.

在正文中，无需注释：

Grant Wood's American Gothic (1930, oil on beaver board, Art Institute of Chicago) sets the pitchfork against the carpenter-gothic window.

注释，UQ 转载的 CMOS Dalí 样本，URL 更新为 https：

1. Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory, 1931, oil on canvas, 9½ × 13″ (24.1 × 33 cm), Museum of Modern Art, New York, https://www.moma.org/collection/works/79018.

注释，来自现行 Art Institute 记录的 Wood，加上 CMOS 18 登录号：

2. Grant Wood, American Gothic, 1930, oil on beaver board, 30 3/4 × 25 3/4 in. (78 × 65.3 cm), Art Institute of Chicago, reference no. 1930.934, https://www.artic.edu/artworks/6565/american-gothic.

缩短注释：

3. Wood, American Gothic.

书目（仅当指导教师要求列出艺术品时）：

Wood, Grant. American Gothic. 1930. Oil on beaver board, 30 3/4 × 25 3/4 in. (78 × 65.3 cm). Art Institute of Chicago. Reference no. 1930.934. https://www.artic.edu/artworks/6565/american-gothic.

注释，常设馆藏说明：

4. Art Institute of Chicago, wall text for Grant Wood, American Gothic, Gallery 263, Chicago, viewed Month Day, Year.

注释，临时展览中的说明：

5. Metropolitan Museum of Art, wall text in Design for Eternity: Architectural Models from the Ancient Americas, New York, October 26, 2015–September 18, 2016.

缩短注释：

6. Art Institute of Chicago, wall text for Wood, American Gothic.

注释，图录（未打开书则省略页码）：

7. Carmen C. Bambach, Michelangelo: Divine Draftsman and Designer, exh. cat. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2017).

书目，图录，带书本身的同期出版行：

Bambach, Carmen C. Michelangelo: Divine Draftsman and Designer. Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2017. Published in conjunction with “Michelangelo: Divine Draftsman and Designer,” on view at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, from November 13, 2017, through February 12, 2018.

注释，对应 APA 展览示例的 Pillsbury 图录：

8. Joanne Pillsbury, Patricia Joan Sarro, James Alan Doyle, and Juliet Benham Wiersema, Design for Eternity: Architectural Models from the Ancient Americas, exh. cat. (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2015).

在正文中，作为活动的展览：

The Met's Design for Eternity: Architectural Models from the Ancient Americas (October 26, 2015–September 18, 2016) grouped tomb models from the ancient Americas.

文内，图录：

(Bambach 2017)

参考文献表，图录：

Bambach, Carmen C. 2017. Michelangelo: Divine Draftsman and Designer. Metropolitan Museum of Art.

文内，艺术品（若需要括号）：

(Wood 1930)