如何用APA 7引用图像、照片或艺术作品

参考文献，现场观看的博物馆作品：

Surname, I. I. (1930). 作品标题 [Painting]. 博物馆名称, 城市, ST, 国家.

参考文献，在线观看的博物馆作品：

Surname, I. I. (1930). 作品标题 [Painting]. 博物馆名称, 城市, ST, 国家. https://www.example.com/artwork

参考文献，网站上的照片或素材图：

Surname, I. I. (1985). 照片标题 [Photograph]. 网站名称. https://www.example.com/photo

括号引用：

(Wood, 1930)

叙述性引用：

Wood (1930)

Use this format to cite all types of museum artwork, including paintings, sculptures, photographs, prints, drawings, digital art, crafts, and installations.

Always include a description of the medium or format in square brackets after the title. The description is flexible (e.g., a general description such as “[Painting]” or a more specific description such as “[Oil painting]” or “[Oil on canvas]”).

For untitled artwork, include a description in square brackets in place of a title.

Provide a link to the artwork on the museum website if available.

参考文献，现场观看（Wood, 1930）：

Wood, G. (1930). American gothic [Painting]. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.

文内：

(Wood, 1930)

参考文献，同一作品在博物馆网站上观看：

Wood, G. (1930). American gothic [Painting]. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States. https://www.artic.edu/aic/collections/artwork/6565

参考文献，现场观看（Delacroix, 1826–1827）：

Delacroix, E. (1826–1827). Faust attempts to seduce Marguerite [Lithograph]. The Louvre, Paris, France.

文内：

(Delacroix, 1826–1827)

参考文献，现场观看（van Gogh, 1889）：

van Gogh, V. (1889). The starry night [Painting]. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, United States.

文内：

(van Gogh, 1889)

参考文献，同一作品在博物馆网站上（APA Style / Alamo）：

van Gogh, V. (1889). The starry night [Painting]. The Museum of Modern Art, New York, NY, United States. https://www.moma.org/learn/moma_learning/vincent-van-gogh-the-starry-night-1889/

参考文献（McCurry, 1985; Publication Manual §10.14 #101）：

McCurry, S. (1985). Afghan girl [Photograph]. National Geographic. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/national-geographic-magazine-50-years-of-covers/#/ngm-1985-jun-714.jpg

文内：

(McCurry, 1985)

参考文献，无题系列（Rinaldi, 2016）：

Rinaldi, J. (2016). [Photograph series of a boy who finds his footing after abuse by those he trusted]. The Pulitzer Prizes. https://www.pulitzer.org/winners/jessica-rinaldi

文内：

(Rinaldi, 2016)

参考文献，国会图书馆（Lange, 1936）：

Lange, D. (1936). Destitute pea pickers in California. Mother of seven children. Age thirty-two. Nipomo, California [Photograph]. Library of Congress, Washington, DC, United States. https://www.loc.gov/item/2017762891/

文内：

(Lange, 1936)

参考文献（Rossman & Palmer, 2015; §10.14 #99）：

Rossman, J., & Palmer, R. (2015). Sorting through our space junk [Infographic]. World Science Festival. https://www.worldsciencefestival.com/2015/11/space-junk-infographic/

文内：

(Rossman & Palmer, 2015)

参考文献（APA Publishing; Common Reference Examples，2026年3月3日）：

American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Data sharing [Infographic]. https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/data-sharing-infographic.pdf

文内：

(American Psychological Association, n.d.)

参考文献（Cable, 2013; 官方Publication Manual字符串）：

Cable, D. (2013). The racial dot map [Map]. University of Virginia, Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service. https://demographics.coopercenter.org/Racial-Dot-Map

文内：

(Cable, 2013)

If the license associated with clip art or a stock image states “no attribution required,” then do not provide an APA Style reference, in-text citation, or copyright attribution.

If the license associated with clip art or a stock image says that attribution is required, then provide a copyright attribution in the figure note and a reference list entry for the image in the reference list.

Although for most images you must look at the license on a case-by-case basis, images and clip art from programs such as Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint can be used without attribution.

The guidelines apply regardless of whether the image costs money to purchase or is available for free. The guidelines also apply to both students and professionals and to both papers and PowerPoint presentations.

参考文献（gdj, 2018; Openclipart）：

gdj. (2018). Neural network deep learning prismatic [Clip art]. Openclipart. https://openclipart.org/detail/309343/neural-network-deep-learning-prismatic

文内（讨论该文件、而非转载时）：

(gdj, 2018)

参考文献（Denali National Park and Preserve, 2013）：

Denali National Park and Preserve. (2013). Lava [Photograph]. Flickr. https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8639280606/

文内：

(Denali National Park and Preserve, 2013)

The copyright attribution is used instead of an in-text citation. The copyright attribution consists of the same elements as the reference list entry, but in a different order (title, author, date, site name, URL), followed by the name of the Creative Commons License.

In a presentation, the figure number and title are optional but the note containing the copyright attribution is required.

官方图注（Lava, CC BY 2.0）：

Note. From Lava [Photograph], by Denali National Park and Preserve, 2013, Flickr (https://www.flickr.com/photos/denalinps/8639280606/). CC BY 2.0.

来自网页或素材网站：

Note. From 作品标题 [Photograph], by I. I. Surname, 2013, 网站名称 (https://www.example.com/image). CC BY 4.0.

来自你已获准转载的书：

Note. From 书名 (p. 12), by I. I. Surname, 2020, 出版社名称 (https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx). Copyright 2020 by 版权持有人. Reprinted with permission.

When the curator is unknown, move the title of the exhibition to the author position of the reference.

If the plaque itself is dated, use that date. If the plaque is not dated, use “n.d.” Do not use the date of the artwork or item being described.

展览，策展人未知：

Design for eternity: Architectural models from the ancient Americas [Exhibition]. (2015–2016). The Met Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, United States.

文内：

(Design for Eternity, 2015–2016)

展览，具名策展人（Martinez & Douar, 2018–2019）：

Martinez, J.-L., & Douar, F. (2018–2019). Archaeology goes graphic [Exhibition]. The Louvre, Paris, France. https://www.louvre.fr/en/expositions/archaeology-goes-graphic

文内：

(Martinez & Douar, 2018–2019)

说明铭牌：

[Plaque with background information about American Gothic]. (n.d.). Art Institute Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.

文内：

([Plaque with background information about American Gothic], n.d.)

你自己生成的图像的图注：

Note. 作者使用 Tool Name（Developer, 2026），根据提示“简短提示文本”生成的图像。

不要编造：

虚假的Midjourney网址、伪造的提示日志，或从未离开你笔记本电脑的文件的DOI。