如何用APA 7引用社交媒体帖子

参考文献，有实名的X或Instagram帖子：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Post]. Platform. https://xxxxx

参考文献，Facebook或LinkedIn帖子（不要求用户名）：

Name, A. A. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://xxxxx

参考文献，仅有用户名：

screenname. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Post]. Platform. https://xxxxx

参考文献，内容会持续变化的X或Instagram主页：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

参考文献，TikTok主页（用简介，不用标签页）：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). First 20 words of the profile description [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

括号引用：

(Name, 2020)

叙述性引用：

Name (2020)

无法找回的私信、Story或已删帖：

(A. A. Name, personal communication, March 4, 2026)

After Twitter's name changed to X in 2023, the term "post" replaced "tweet." As in the example, references to posts that predate the change should use the new terms, since that's what readers will see when they follow the link to the source.

Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title, in italics. Count a URL, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.

If the post includes an image, a video, a poll, or a thumbnail image with a link, indicate that in square brackets after the title: [Image attached], [Video attached], [Thumbnail with link attached].

Include the description “[Post]” in square brackets after the title.

Present the name of the individual or group author the same as you would for any other reference. Then provide the X handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square brackets, followed by a period.

The format used for X is also used for Instagram and TikTok.

Cite a temporary post (e.g., Facebook Story) or a livestream (e.g., Facebook Live) that is not archived by its hosting platform and cannot be retrieved by any other means (i.e., recorded and made available online via another hosting site) as a personal communication.

Works that cannot be recovered by readers are cited in the text as personal communications. Personal communications include emails, text messages, online chats or direct messages, personal interviews, telephone conversations, live speeches, unrecorded classroom lectures, memos, letters, messages from nonarchived discussion groups or online bulletin boards, and so on.

参考文献，个人作者：

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2019, September 7). Today, it’s difficult for researchers to diagnose #Alzheimers patients early enough to intervene. A reliable, easy and accurate diagnostic would [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/BillGates/status/1170305718425137152

括号引用：

(Gates, 2019)

叙述性引用：

Gates (2019)

参考文献，带图的团体作者：

CDC [@CDCgov]. (2020, June 11). Scientists do not know if having antibodies to the virus that causes #COVID19 can protect someone from getting infected again [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/CDCgov/status/1271180413134876672

括号引用：

(CDC, 2020)

参考文献，附视频：

Prevention Institute [@preventioninst]. (2020, September 24). If you want to talk #health, you have to talk #racialjustice [Video attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/preventioninst/status/1309211009039687680

For tweet replies, do not include the “replying to” information; if that is important to note, do so within the in-text citation.

参考文献，Posts标签页：

APA Style [@APA_Style]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved November 8, 2023, from https://x.com/APA_Style

参考文献，Replies标签页：

Jordan, M. B. [@michaelb4jordan]. (n.d.). Replies [X profile]. X. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://x.com/michaelb4jordan/with_replies

括号引用：

(APA Style, n.d.)

X profiles begin on the “Posts” tab by default. If you want to cite one of the other tabs (“Replies,” “Highlights,” “Media,” or “Likes”), use the name of that tab rather than “Posts” in the title element of the reference.

参考文献：

News From Science. (2019, June 21). Are you a fan of astronomy? Enjoy reading about what scientists have discovered in our solar system—and beyond? This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/photos/a.117532185107/10156268057260108/?type=3&theater

括号引用：

(News From Science, 2019)

叙述性引用：

News From Science (2019)

Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.

If a post includes images, videos, thumbnail links to outside sources, or content from another post (such as when sharing a link), indicate that in square brackets.

Describe the post type (e.g., “[Status update],” “[Video]”) in square brackets after any description of attached content.

Credit Facebook as the site name in the source element and then provide the URL of the post.

参考文献：

Community of Multiculturalism. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/communityofmulticulturalism/

括号引用：

(Community of Multiculturalism, n.d.)

Use the page title in the reference (e.g., “Home,” “About,” “Reviews”). Italicize the page title.

Include the notation “[Facebook page]” in square brackets.

Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.

参考文献，照片：

Philadelphia Museum of Art [@philamuseum]. (2019, December 3). “It’s always wonderful to walk in and see my work in a collection where it’s loved, and where people are” [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B5oDnnNhOt4/

括号引用：

(Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2019)

参考文献，视频：

APA Public Interest Directorate [@apapubint]. (2019, June 14). Male depression is serious, but many men try to ignore it or refuse treatment. Different men have different symptoms, but [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BysOqenB1v7/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link

括号引用：

(APA Public Interest Directorate, 2019)

参考文献，主页：

Swift, T. [@taylorswift]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/taylorswift

参考文献，精选：

The New York Public Library [@nypl]. (n.d.). The raven [Highlight]. Instagram. Retrieved January 6, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17962199170163462/

括号引用：

(Swift, n.d.)

参考文献，个人作者（现行Style Center）：

Cook, P. [@chemteacherphil]. (2021, September 17). Fighting fire with fire. #sciencetok #learnontiktok [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@chemteacherphil/video/7008953610872605957

括号引用：

(Cook, 2021)

叙述性引用：

Cook (2021)

参考文献，团体作者：

Washington Post [@washingtonpost]. (2019, December 3). News is all around us #frozen #newsroom #newspaper [Video]. TikTok. https://vm.tiktok.com/x2sKUu

括号引用：

(Washington Post, 2019)

Unlike other social media profile pages, the TikTok page does not have a “Home” or other tabs. For the title in the reference, use the first 20 words of the description (in the example, “vsco mom”).

参考文献：

Witherspoon, R. [@officialreesetiktok]. (n.d.). vsco mom [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved January 12, 2020, from https://vm.tiktok.com/xS3B86

括号引用：

(Witherspoon, n.d.)

参考文献，有实名的帖子：

Little, J. [j450n_l]. (2018, December 12). I'm the first person in the world with a neural-enabled prosthetic hand. Using an specialized prosthetic and a device implanted [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/AMA/comments/a5jxbe/im_the_first_person_in_the_world_with_a/

括号引用：

(Little, 2018)

参考文献，评论：

Gates, B. [thisisbillgates]. (2017, February 27). Philanthropy is small as a part of the overall economy so it can’t do things like fund health care or [Comment on the online forum post I’m Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Ask me anything.]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/5whpqs/im_bill_gates_cochair_of_the_bill_melinda_gates/dea82mk/

括号引用：

(Gates, 2017)

When the real name of the author is known, provide it first, in inverted format, followed by the screen name in brackets, as in the example.

When the real name of the author is not known, provide only the screen name without brackets.

Provide the title of the post in the title position, up to the first 20 words.

参考文献，公开LinkedIn帖：

Name, A. A. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Status update]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/xxxxx

参考文献，LinkedIn主页：

Name, A. A. (n.d.). Home [LinkedIn profile]. LinkedIn. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://www.linkedin.com/in/xxxxx

参考文献，公开Threads或Bluesky帖：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Post]. Threads. https://xxxxx

参考文献，Threads或Bluesky主页：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Posts [Bluesky profile]. Bluesky. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

参考文献，Community帖：

Name, A. A. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the Community post [Post]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/post/xxxxx

Cite only original content from social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, Instagram, Tumblr, LinkedIn, and so forth. If you used social media to discover content (e.g., you found a link to a blog post on Pinterest or Twitter) and you want to cite the content, cite it directly.

If you are not able to create the emoji, provide the emoji's name in square brackets, for example, "It doesn't get better than this [clapping hands] This actress deserves a [trophy]".

括号，具名作者：

(Gates, 2019)

叙述，团体作者：

News From Science (2019) 在同一周发布了天文学更新。

主页：

(APA Style, n.d.)

TikTok主页：

(Witherspoon, n.d.)

无法找回的Story或私信：

(A. A. Name, personal communication, March 4, 2026)