如何用APA 7引用社交媒体帖子

参考文献，有实名的X、Instagram、TikTok或Bluesky帖子：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Post]. Platform. https://xxxxx

参考文献，Facebook帖子（不要求用户名）：

Name, A. A. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://xxxxx

参考文献，LinkedIn帖子（推断LinkedIn显示的日期）：

Name, A. A. (2019, September). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://xxxxx

参考文献，仅有用户名：

screenname. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Post]. Platform. https://xxxxx

参考文献，内容会持续变化的X、Instagram或Bluesky主页：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

参考文献，有简介的TikTok主页：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). First 20 words of the profile description [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

参考文献，无简介的TikTok主页：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

括号引用：

(Name, 2020)

叙述性引用：

Name (2020)

无法找回的私信、Story或已删帖：

(A. A. Name, personal communication, March 4, 2026)

After Twitter's name changed to X in 2023, the term "post" replaced "tweet." As in the example, references to posts that predate the change should use the new terms, since that's what readers will see when they follow the link to the source.

URLs for X posts currently still include the twitter.com domain name.

Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title, in italics. Count a URL, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.

If the post includes an image, a video, a poll, or a thumbnail image with a link, indicate that in square brackets after the title: [Image attached], [Video attached], [Thumbnail with link attached].

Include the description “[Post]” in square brackets after the title.

Present the name of the individual or group author the same as you would for any other reference. Then provide the X handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square brackets, followed by a period.

The format used for X is also used for Instagram and TikTok.

The format used for Bluesky is also used for Instagram, TikTok, and X.

Cite a temporary post (e.g., Facebook Story) or a livestream (e.g., Facebook Live) that is not archived by its hosting platform and cannot be retrieved by any other means (i.e., recorded and made available online via another hosting site) as a personal communication.

Works that cannot be recovered by readers are cited in the text as personal communications. Personal communications include emails, text messages, online chats or direct messages, personal interviews, telephone conversations, live speeches, nonarchived social media livestreams (e.g., Instagram Live, Twitter Spaces), unrecorded webinars, unrecorded classroom lectures, memos, letters, messages from nonarchived discussion groups or online bulletin boards, and so on.

参考文献，个人作者：

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2019, September 7). Today, it’s difficult for researchers to diagnose #Alzheimers patients early enough to intervene. A reliable, easy and accurate diagnostic would [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/BillGates/status/1170305718425137152

括号引用：

(Gates, 2019)

叙述性引用：

Gates (2019)

参考文献，Common Reference Examples Guide（2026年3月3日）：

Obama, B. [@BarackObama]. (2024, May 17). Today marks 70 years since the Supreme Court handed down its landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, outlawing [Post]. X. https://x.com/BarackObama/status/1791540592238874953

括号引用：

(Obama, 2024)

参考文献，带图的团体作者：

CDC [@CDCgov]. (2020, June 11). Scientists do not know if having antibodies to the virus that causes #COVID19 can protect someone from getting infected again [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/CDCgov/status/1271180413134876672

括号引用：

(CDC, 2020)

参考文献，20词标题内的标签和短链接：

APA Databases [@APA_Databases]. (2020, September 2). We have curated a collection of journal articles from APA PsycArticles on #COVID19. View: https://bit.ly/2QrWj76 for recent coverage [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/APA_Databases/status/1301175576703664128

括号引用：

(APA Databases, 2020)

参考文献，附视频：

Prevention Institute [@preventioninst]. (2020, September 24). If you want to talk #health, you have to talk #racialjustice [Video attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/preventioninst/status/1309211009039687680

In the case of a group identified by an abbreviation (as with the CDC example), use the group name as shown on the work, to aid in retrieval.

For tweet replies, do not include the “replying to” information; if that is important to note, do so within the in-text citation.

参考文献，Posts标签页：

APA Style [@APA_Style]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved November 8, 2023, from https://x.com/APA_Style

参考文献，Replies标签页：

Jordan, M. B. [@michaelb4jordan]. (n.d.). Replies [X profile]. X. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://x.com/michaelb4jordan/with_replies

括号引用：

(APA Style, n.d.)

X profiles begin on the “Posts” tab by default. If you want to cite one of the other tabs (“Replies,” “Highlights,” “Media,” or “Likes”), use the name of that tab rather than “Posts” in the title element of the reference.

参考文献：

News From Science. (2019, June 21). Are you a fan of astronomy? Enjoy reading about what scientists have discovered in our solar system—and beyond? This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/photos/a.117532185107/10156268057260108/?type=3&theater

括号引用：

(News From Science, 2019)

叙述性引用：

News From Science (2019)

Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.

If a post includes images, videos, thumbnail links to outside sources, or content from another post (such as when sharing a link), indicate that in square brackets.

Describe the post type (e.g., “[Status update],” “[Video]”) in square brackets after any description of attached content.

Credit Facebook as the site name in the source element and then provide the URL of the post.

参考文献：

Community of Multiculturalism. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/communityofmulticulturalism/

括号引用：

(Community of Multiculturalism, n.d.)

Use the page title in the reference (e.g., “Home,” “About,” “Reviews”). Italicize the page title.

Include the notation “[Facebook page]” in square brackets.

Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.

参考文献，照片：

Philadelphia Museum of Art [@philamuseum]. (2019, December 3). “It’s always wonderful to walk in and see my work in a collection where it’s loved, and where people are [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B5oDnnNhOt4/

括号引用：

(Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2019)

参考文献，视频：

APA Public Interest Directorate [@apapubint]. (2019, June 14). Male depression is serious, but many men try to ignore it or refuse treatment. Different men have different symptoms, but [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BysOqenB1v7/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link

括号引用：

(APA Public Interest Directorate, 2019)

参考文献，Posts标签页：

Swift, T. [@taylorswift]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/taylorswift

参考文献，IGTV标签页：

National Geographic [@natgeo]. (n.d.). IGTV [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 8, 2019, from https://www.instagram.com/natgeo/channel/

参考文献，Tagged标签页：

United States Army [@usarmy]. (n.d.). Tagged [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved January 18, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/usarmy/tagged/

参考文献，精选：

The New York Public Library [@nypl]. (n.d.). The raven [Highlight]. Instagram. Retrieved January 6, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17962199170163462/

括号引用：

(Swift, n.d.)

Use the name of the profile page you want to cite in the title element of the reference (e.g., “Posts,” “IGTV,” “Tagged”).

Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time (users can add or remove stories from the highlight) and is not archived.

参考文献，个人作者（现行Style Center）：

Cook, P. [@chemteacherphil]. (2021, September 17). Fighting fire with fire. #sciencetok #learnontiktok [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@chemteacherphil/video/7008953610872605957

括号引用：

(Cook, 2021)

叙述性引用：

Cook (2021)

参考文献，团体作者：

Washington Post [@washingtonpost]. (2019, December 3). News is all around us #frozen #newsroom #newspaper [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@washingtonpost/video/6765886712896818437

括号引用：

(Washington Post, 2019)

Unlike other social media profile pages, the TikTok page does not have a “Home” or other tabs. For the title in the reference, use the first 20 words of the description (in the example, the title is “CEO of #RockTok”). Include the notation “[TikTok profile]” in square brackets.

If the profile page has no description in the bio, include only the bracketed description “[TikTok profile]” in the title element of the reference.

参考文献，有简介的主页：

The Rock. [@therock]. (n.d.). CEO of #RockTok [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://tiktok.com/@therock

括号引用：

(The Rock, n.d.)

参考文献，无简介的主页：

Witherspoon, R. [@reesewitherspoon]. (n.d.). [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved February 18, 2022, from https://tiktok.com/@reesewitherspoon

括号引用：

(Witherspoon, n.d.)

参考文献，有已知姓名的帖：

Little, J. [j450n_l]. (2018, December 12). I'm the first person in the world with a neural-enabled prosthetic hand. Using an specialized prosthetic and a device implanted [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/AMA/comments/a5jxbe/im_the_first_person_in_the_world_with_a/

括号引用：

(Little, 2018)

参考文献，有已知姓名的评论：

Gates, B. [thisisbillgates]. (2017, February 27). Philanthropy is small as a part of the overall economy so it can’t do things like fund health care or [Comment on the online forum post I’m Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Ask me anything.]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/5whpqs/im_bill_gates_cochair_of_the_bill_melinda_gates/dea82mk/

括号引用：

(Gates, 2017)

参考文献，仅有用户名的评论：

haffy-1223. (2018, September 12). What do you think while on the launchpad about to launch? [Comment on the online forum post I’m NASA astronaut Scott Tingle. Ask me anything about adjusting to being back on Earth after my first spaceflight!]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/9fagqy/im_nasa_astronaut_scott_tingle_ask_me_anything/e5v0027/

括号引用：

(haffy-1223, 2018)

When the real name of the author is known, provide it first, in inverted format, followed by the screen name in brackets, as in the example.

When the real name of the author is not known, provide only the screen name without brackets.

Provide the title of the post in the title position, up to the first 20 words.

Provide up to the first 20 words of the comment; then write “Comment on the online forum post” and the full title of post on which the comment appeared (in italics and sentence case, enclosed within square brackets).

LinkedIn does not provide exact dates for posts; rather, it tells users how long ago the post was made. Use the date information provided on the post to infer as specific a date as possible for the reference.

参考文献，有完整日期的团体帖：

American Psychological Association. (2019, December 9). Last month, APA joined more than 40 national and international psychology organizations to explore ways to collaborate and use psychological [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/american-psychological-association_how-psychologists-are-combating-climate-change-activity-6609801161937612800-GvdC

括号引用：

(American Psychological Association, 2019)

参考文献，仅有年和月的个人帖：

Goodwin, J. (2019, September). The best part of attending the American Psychological Association's 2019 Convention in Chicago this year was having the opportunity to [Image attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jongoodwin3_apa2019-activity-6569581103441682432-CN98

括号引用：

(Goodwin, 2019)

参考文献，LinkedIn页面：

John Tyler Community College. (n.d.). Home [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.linkedin.com/school/john-tyler-community-college/

括号引用：

(John Tyler Community College, n.d.)

As with other social media sites, Bluesky officially refers to individual posts as “posts.” Include the description “[Post]” in square brackets after the title.

Bluesky profiles begin on the “Posts” tab by default. Use “Posts” in the title element by default (italicized); if you want to cite one of the other tabs (“Media,” “Videos”), use the name of that tab.

参考文献，团体帖：

The Associated Press [@apnews.com]. (2026, April 10). Artemis II’s astronauts return to Earth, ending a record-breaking trip around the moon with a splashdown in the Pacific [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. Bluesky. https://bsky.app/profile/apnews.com/post/3mj6kfow3mi2l

括号引用：

(The Associated Press, 2026)

参考文献，个人帖：

Ocasio-Cortez, A. [@aoc.bsky.social]. (2024, November 11). Earnest post, but: a thing I like here is it’s okay to have moments of happiness in public without being broadly scolded, and I believe that sustaining this kind of humanity will be very important as we resist fascism. We [Post]. Bluesky. https://bsky.app/profile/aoc.bsky.social/post/3lapo7x44ws2k

括号引用：

(Ocasio-Cortez, 2024)

参考文献，Posts标签页：

The Associated Press [@apnews.com]. (n.d.). Posts [Bluesky profile]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 20, 2026, from https://bsky.app/profile/apnews.com

参考文献，Media标签页：

Ocasio-Cortez, A. [@aoc.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Media [Bluesky profile]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 13, 2026, from https://bsky.app/profile/aoc.bsky.social

参考文献，入门包：

Plant Editors [@planteditors.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Plant science journals, societies, & institutions [Starter pack]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 19, 2026, from https://go.bsky.app/Q9QiX9C

参考文献，信息素养入门包：

Tattersall, A. [@andytattersall.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Here’s a list of folks I recommend you follow here [Information literacy starter pack]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 17, 2026, from https://bsky.app/starter-pack-short/TGT4Hne

参考文献，动态流：

Hagan, A. [@dradawrites.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Academic writing [Bluesky feed]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 18, 2026, from https://bsky.app/profile/dradawrites.bsky.social/feed/aaab6trkxo6qa

括号引用，主页：

(The Associated Press, n.d.)

参考文献，公开Threads帖：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Post]. Threads. https://xxxxx

参考文献，Threads主页：

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Posts [Threads profile]. Threads. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

参考文献，Community帖：

Name, A. A. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the Community post [Post]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/post/xxxxx

Cite only original content from social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, Instagram, Tumblr, LinkedIn, and so forth. If you used social media to discover content (e.g., you found a link to a blog post on Pinterest or Twitter) and you want to cite the content, cite it directly.

If you are not able to create the emoji, provide the emoji's name in square brackets, for example, "It doesn't get better than this [clapping hands] This actress deserves a [trophy]".

括号引用，具名作者：

(Gates, 2019)

叙述性引用，团体作者：

News From Science (2019) 在同一周发布了这条天文学动态。

主页：

(APA Style, n.d.)

无简介的TikTok主页：

(Witherspoon, n.d.)

Bluesky帖：

(The Associated Press, 2026)

仅用户名评论：

(haffy-1223, 2018)

无法找回的Story或私信：

(A. A. Name, personal communication, March 4, 2026)