APA 7 में सोशल मीडिया पोस्ट का उद्धरण कैसे दें

संदर्भ, ज्ञात नाम वाली X, Instagram, TikTok, या Bluesky पोस्ट:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Post]. Platform. https://xxxxx

संदर्भ, Facebook पोस्ट (हैंडल आवश्यक नहीं):

Name, A. A. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://xxxxx

संदर्भ, LinkedIn पोस्ट (LinkedIn द्वारा दिखाई गई तिथि अनुमानित करें):

Name, A. A. (2019, September). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://xxxxx

संदर्भ, केवल उपयोगकर्ता नाम:

screenname. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Post]. Platform. https://xxxxx

संदर्भ, बदलती रहने वाली X, Instagram, या Bluesky प्रोफ़ाइल:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

संदर्भ, बायो वाली TikTok प्रोफ़ाइल:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). First 20 words of the profile description [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

संदर्भ, बिना बायो वाली TikTok प्रोफ़ाइल:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Name, 2020)

आख्यानात्मक उद्धरण:

Name (2020)

अपुनर्प्राप्त DM, Story, या हटाई गई पोस्ट:

(A. A. Name, personal communication, March 4, 2026)

After Twitter's name changed to X in 2023, the term "post" replaced "tweet." As in the example, references to posts that predate the change should use the new terms, since that's what readers will see when they follow the link to the source.

URLs for X posts currently still include the twitter.com domain name.

Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title, in italics. Count a URL, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.

If the post includes an image, a video, a poll, or a thumbnail image with a link, indicate that in square brackets after the title: [Image attached], [Video attached], [Thumbnail with link attached].

Include the description “[Post]” in square brackets after the title.

Present the name of the individual or group author the same as you would for any other reference. Then provide the X handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square brackets, followed by a period.

The format used for X is also used for Instagram and TikTok.

The format used for Bluesky is also used for Instagram, TikTok, and X.

Cite a temporary post (e.g., Facebook Story) or a livestream (e.g., Facebook Live) that is not archived by its hosting platform and cannot be retrieved by any other means (i.e., recorded and made available online via another hosting site) as a personal communication.

Works that cannot be recovered by readers are cited in the text as personal communications. Personal communications include emails, text messages, online chats or direct messages, personal interviews, telephone conversations, live speeches, nonarchived social media livestreams (e.g., Instagram Live, Twitter Spaces), unrecorded webinars, unrecorded classroom lectures, memos, letters, messages from nonarchived discussion groups or online bulletin boards, and so on.

संदर्भ, व्यक्तिगत लेखक:

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2019, September 7). Today, it’s difficult for researchers to diagnose #Alzheimers patients early enough to intervene. A reliable, easy and accurate diagnostic would [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/BillGates/status/1170305718425137152

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Gates, 2019)

आख्यानात्मक उद्धरण:

Gates (2019)

संदर्भ, Common Reference Examples Guide (3 मार्च 2026):

Obama, B. [@BarackObama]. (2024, May 17). Today marks 70 years since the Supreme Court handed down its landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, outlawing [Post]. X. https://x.com/BarackObama/status/1791540592238874953

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Obama, 2024)

संदर्भ, छवि सहित समूह लेखक:

CDC [@CDCgov]. (2020, June 11). Scientists do not know if having antibodies to the virus that causes #COVID19 can protect someone from getting infected again [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/CDCgov/status/1271180413134876672

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(CDC, 2020)

संदर्भ, 20-शब्द शीर्षक के भीतर हैशटैग और लघु URL:

APA Databases [@APA_Databases]. (2020, September 2). We have curated a collection of journal articles from APA PsycArticles on #COVID19. View: https://bit.ly/2QrWj76 for recent coverage [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/APA_Databases/status/1301175576703664128

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(APA Databases, 2020)

संदर्भ, संलग्न वीडियो:

Prevention Institute [@preventioninst]. (2020, September 24). If you want to talk #health, you have to talk #racialjustice [Video attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/preventioninst/status/1309211009039687680

In the case of a group identified by an abbreviation (as with the CDC example), use the group name as shown on the work, to aid in retrieval.

For tweet replies, do not include the “replying to” information; if that is important to note, do so within the in-text citation.

संदर्भ, Posts टैब:

APA Style [@APA_Style]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved November 8, 2023, from https://x.com/APA_Style

संदर्भ, Replies टैब:

Jordan, M. B. [@michaelb4jordan]. (n.d.). Replies [X profile]. X. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://x.com/michaelb4jordan/with_replies

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(APA Style, n.d.)

X profiles begin on the “Posts” tab by default. If you want to cite one of the other tabs (“Replies,” “Highlights,” “Media,” or “Likes”), use the name of that tab rather than “Posts” in the title element of the reference.

संदर्भ:

News From Science. (2019, June 21). Are you a fan of astronomy? Enjoy reading about what scientists have discovered in our solar system—and beyond? This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/photos/a.117532185107/10156268057260108/?type=3&theater

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(News From Science, 2019)

आख्यानात्मक उद्धरण:

News From Science (2019)

Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.

If a post includes images, videos, thumbnail links to outside sources, or content from another post (such as when sharing a link), indicate that in square brackets.

Describe the post type (e.g., “[Status update],” “[Video]”) in square brackets after any description of attached content.

Credit Facebook as the site name in the source element and then provide the URL of the post.

संदर्भ:

Community of Multiculturalism. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/communityofmulticulturalism/

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Community of Multiculturalism, n.d.)

Use the page title in the reference (e.g., “Home,” “About,” “Reviews”). Italicize the page title.

Include the notation “[Facebook page]” in square brackets.

Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.

संदर्भ, फ़ोटोग्राफ़:

Philadelphia Museum of Art [@philamuseum]. (2019, December 3). “It’s always wonderful to walk in and see my work in a collection where it’s loved, and where people are [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B5oDnnNhOt4/

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2019)

संदर्भ, वीडियो:

APA Public Interest Directorate [@apapubint]. (2019, June 14). Male depression is serious, but many men try to ignore it or refuse treatment. Different men have different symptoms, but [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BysOqenB1v7/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(APA Public Interest Directorate, 2019)

संदर्भ, Posts टैब:

Swift, T. [@taylorswift]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/taylorswift

संदर्भ, IGTV टैब:

National Geographic [@natgeo]. (n.d.). IGTV [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 8, 2019, from https://www.instagram.com/natgeo/channel/

संदर्भ, Tagged टैब:

United States Army [@usarmy]. (n.d.). Tagged [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved January 18, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/usarmy/tagged/

संदर्भ, हाइलाइट:

The New York Public Library [@nypl]. (n.d.). The raven [Highlight]. Instagram. Retrieved January 6, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17962199170163462/

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Swift, n.d.)

Use the name of the profile page you want to cite in the title element of the reference (e.g., “Posts,” “IGTV,” “Tagged”).

Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time (users can add or remove stories from the highlight) and is not archived.

संदर्भ, व्यक्तिगत लेखक (वर्तमान Style Center):

Cook, P. [@chemteacherphil]. (2021, September 17). Fighting fire with fire. #sciencetok #learnontiktok [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@chemteacherphil/video/7008953610872605957

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Cook, 2021)

आख्यानात्मक उद्धरण:

Cook (2021)

संदर्भ, समूह लेखक:

Washington Post [@washingtonpost]. (2019, December 3). News is all around us #frozen #newsroom #newspaper [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@washingtonpost/video/6765886712896818437

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Washington Post, 2019)

Unlike other social media profile pages, the TikTok page does not have a “Home” or other tabs. For the title in the reference, use the first 20 words of the description (in the example, the title is “CEO of #RockTok”). Include the notation “[TikTok profile]” in square brackets.

If the profile page has no description in the bio, include only the bracketed description “[TikTok profile]” in the title element of the reference.

संदर्भ, बायो वाली प्रोफ़ाइल:

The Rock. [@therock]. (n.d.). CEO of #RockTok [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://tiktok.com/@therock

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(The Rock, n.d.)

संदर्भ, बिना बायो वाली प्रोफ़ाइल:

Witherspoon, R. [@reesewitherspoon]. (n.d.). [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved February 18, 2022, from https://tiktok.com/@reesewitherspoon

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Witherspoon, n.d.)

संदर्भ, ज्ञात नाम वाली पोस्ट:

Little, J. [j450n_l]. (2018, December 12). I'm the first person in the world with a neural-enabled prosthetic hand. Using an specialized prosthetic and a device implanted [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/AMA/comments/a5jxbe/im_the_first_person_in_the_world_with_a/

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Little, 2018)

संदर्भ, ज्ञात नाम वाली टिप्पणी:

Gates, B. [thisisbillgates]. (2017, February 27). Philanthropy is small as a part of the overall economy so it can’t do things like fund health care or [Comment on the online forum post I’m Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Ask me anything.]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/5whpqs/im_bill_gates_cochair_of_the_bill_melinda_gates/dea82mk/

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Gates, 2017)

संदर्भ, केवल उपयोगकर्ता नाम वाली टिप्पणी:

haffy-1223. (2018, September 12). What do you think while on the launchpad about to launch? [Comment on the online forum post I’m NASA astronaut Scott Tingle. Ask me anything about adjusting to being back on Earth after my first spaceflight!]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/9fagqy/im_nasa_astronaut_scott_tingle_ask_me_anything/e5v0027/

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(haffy-1223, 2018)

When the real name of the author is known, provide it first, in inverted format, followed by the screen name in brackets, as in the example.

When the real name of the author is not known, provide only the screen name without brackets.

Provide the title of the post in the title position, up to the first 20 words.

Provide up to the first 20 words of the comment; then write “Comment on the online forum post” and the full title of post on which the comment appeared (in italics and sentence case, enclosed within square brackets).

LinkedIn does not provide exact dates for posts; rather, it tells users how long ago the post was made. Use the date information provided on the post to infer as specific a date as possible for the reference.

संदर्भ, पूर्ण तिथि वाली समूह पोस्ट:

American Psychological Association. (2019, December 9). Last month, APA joined more than 40 national and international psychology organizations to explore ways to collaborate and use psychological [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/american-psychological-association_how-psychologists-are-combating-climate-change-activity-6609801161937612800-GvdC

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(American Psychological Association, 2019)

संदर्भ, केवल वर्ष और महीने वाली व्यक्तिगत पोस्ट:

Goodwin, J. (2019, September). The best part of attending the American Psychological Association's 2019 Convention in Chicago this year was having the opportunity to [Image attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jongoodwin3_apa2019-activity-6569581103441682432-CN98

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Goodwin, 2019)

संदर्भ, LinkedIn पेज:

John Tyler Community College. (n.d.). Home [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.linkedin.com/school/john-tyler-community-college/

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(John Tyler Community College, n.d.)

As with other social media sites, Bluesky officially refers to individual posts as “posts.” Include the description “[Post]” in square brackets after the title.

Bluesky profiles begin on the “Posts” tab by default. Use “Posts” in the title element by default (italicized); if you want to cite one of the other tabs (“Media,” “Videos”), use the name of that tab.

संदर्भ, समूह पोस्ट:

The Associated Press [@apnews.com]. (2026, April 10). Artemis II’s astronauts return to Earth, ending a record-breaking trip around the moon with a splashdown in the Pacific [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. Bluesky. https://bsky.app/profile/apnews.com/post/3mj6kfow3mi2l

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(The Associated Press, 2026)

संदर्भ, व्यक्तिगत पोस्ट:

Ocasio-Cortez, A. [@aoc.bsky.social]. (2024, November 11). Earnest post, but: a thing I like here is it’s okay to have moments of happiness in public without being broadly scolded, and I believe that sustaining this kind of humanity will be very important as we resist fascism. We [Post]. Bluesky. https://bsky.app/profile/aoc.bsky.social/post/3lapo7x44ws2k

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण:

(Ocasio-Cortez, 2024)

संदर्भ, Posts टैब:

The Associated Press [@apnews.com]. (n.d.). Posts [Bluesky profile]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 20, 2026, from https://bsky.app/profile/apnews.com

संदर्भ, Media टैब:

Ocasio-Cortez, A. [@aoc.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Media [Bluesky profile]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 13, 2026, from https://bsky.app/profile/aoc.bsky.social

संदर्भ, स्टार्टर पैक:

Plant Editors [@planteditors.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Plant science journals, societies, & institutions [Starter pack]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 19, 2026, from https://go.bsky.app/Q9QiX9C

संदर्भ, सूचना-साक्षरता स्टार्टर पैक:

Tattersall, A. [@andytattersall.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Here’s a list of folks I recommend you follow here [Information literacy starter pack]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 17, 2026, from https://bsky.app/starter-pack-short/TGT4Hne

संदर्भ, फ़ीड:

Hagan, A. [@dradawrites.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Academic writing [Bluesky feed]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 18, 2026, from https://bsky.app/profile/dradawrites.bsky.social/feed/aaab6trkxo6qa

कोष्ठकीय उद्धरण, प्रोफ़ाइल:

(The Associated Press, n.d.)

संदर्भ, सार्वजनिक Threads पोस्ट:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Post]. Threads. https://xxxxx

संदर्भ, Threads प्रोफ़ाइल:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Posts [Threads profile]. Threads. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

संदर्भ, Community पोस्ट:

Name, A. A. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the Community post [Post]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/post/xxxxx

Cite only original content from social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, Instagram, Tumblr, LinkedIn, and so forth. If you used social media to discover content (e.g., you found a link to a blog post on Pinterest or Twitter) and you want to cite the content, cite it directly.

If you are not able to create the emoji, provide the emoji's name in square brackets, for example, "It doesn't get better than this [clapping hands] This actress deserves a [trophy]".

कोष्ठकीय, नामित लेखक:

(Gates, 2019)

आख्यानात्मक, समूह लेखक:

News From Science (2019) ने उसी सप्ताह खगोल विज्ञान अद्यतन पोस्ट किया।

प्रोफ़ाइल:

(APA Style, n.d.)

बिना बायो वाली TikTok प्रोफ़ाइल:

(Witherspoon, n.d.)

Bluesky पोस्ट:

(The Associated Press, 2026)

केवल-उपयोगकर्ता-नाम टिप्पणी:

(haffy-1223, 2018)

अपुनर्प्राप्त Story या DM:

(A. A. Name, personal communication, March 4, 2026)