Cách trích dẫn bài đăng mạng xã hội theo APA 7

Mục tham chiếu, bài X, Instagram, TikTok hoặc Bluesky có tên thật:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Post]. Platform. https://xxxxx

Mục tham chiếu, bài Facebook (không bắt buộc handle):

Name, A. A. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://xxxxx

Mục tham chiếu, bài LinkedIn (suy ra ngày mà LinkedIn hiện):

Name, A. A. (2019, September). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://xxxxx

Mục tham chiếu, chỉ có tên người dùng:

screenname. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Post]. Platform. https://xxxxx

Mục tham chiếu, hồ sơ X, Instagram hoặc Bluesky cứ thay đổi:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

Mục tham chiếu, hồ sơ TikTok có bio:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). First 20 words of the profile description [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

Mục tham chiếu, hồ sơ TikTok không có bio:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Name, 2020)

Trích dẫn tường thuật:

Name (2020)

Tin nhắn, Story hoặc bài đã xóa không lấy lại được:

(A. A. Name, personal communication, March 4, 2026)

After Twitter's name changed to X in 2023, the term "post" replaced "tweet." As in the example, references to posts that predate the change should use the new terms, since that's what readers will see when they follow the link to the source.

URLs for X posts currently still include the twitter.com domain name.

Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title, in italics. Count a URL, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.

If the post includes an image, a video, a poll, or a thumbnail image with a link, indicate that in square brackets after the title: [Image attached], [Video attached], [Thumbnail with link attached].

Include the description “[Post]” in square brackets after the title.

Present the name of the individual or group author the same as you would for any other reference. Then provide the X handle (beginning with the @ sign) in square brackets, followed by a period.

The format used for X is also used for Instagram and TikTok.

The format used for Bluesky is also used for Instagram, TikTok, and X.

Cite a temporary post (e.g., Facebook Story) or a livestream (e.g., Facebook Live) that is not archived by its hosting platform and cannot be retrieved by any other means (i.e., recorded and made available online via another hosting site) as a personal communication.

Works that cannot be recovered by readers are cited in the text as personal communications. Personal communications include emails, text messages, online chats or direct messages, personal interviews, telephone conversations, live speeches, nonarchived social media livestreams (e.g., Instagram Live, Twitter Spaces), unrecorded webinars, unrecorded classroom lectures, memos, letters, messages from nonarchived discussion groups or online bulletin boards, and so on.

Mục tham chiếu, tác giả cá nhân:

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2019, September 7). Today, it’s difficult for researchers to diagnose #Alzheimers patients early enough to intervene. A reliable, easy and accurate diagnostic would [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/BillGates/status/1170305718425137152

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Gates, 2019)

Trích dẫn tường thuật:

Gates (2019)

Mục tham chiếu, Common Reference Examples Guide (3 tháng 3 năm 2026):

Obama, B. [@BarackObama]. (2024, May 17). Today marks 70 years since the Supreme Court handed down its landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, outlawing [Post]. X. https://x.com/BarackObama/status/1791540592238874953

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Obama, 2024)

Mục tham chiếu, tác giả nhóm có ảnh:

CDC [@CDCgov]. (2020, June 11). Scientists do not know if having antibodies to the virus that causes #COVID19 can protect someone from getting infected again [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/CDCgov/status/1271180413134876672

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(CDC, 2020)

Mục tham chiếu, hashtag và URL rút gọn trong tiêu đề 20 từ:

APA Databases [@APA_Databases]. (2020, September 2). We have curated a collection of journal articles from APA PsycArticles on #COVID19. View: https://bit.ly/2QrWj76 for recent coverage [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/APA_Databases/status/1301175576703664128

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(APA Databases, 2020)

Mục tham chiếu, có video đính kèm:

Prevention Institute [@preventioninst]. (2020, September 24). If you want to talk #health, you have to talk #racialjustice [Video attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/preventioninst/status/1309211009039687680

In the case of a group identified by an abbreviation (as with the CDC example), use the group name as shown on the work, to aid in retrieval.

For tweet replies, do not include the “replying to” information; if that is important to note, do so within the in-text citation.

Mục tham chiếu, thẻ Posts:

APA Style [@APA_Style]. (n.d.). Posts [X profile]. X. Retrieved November 8, 2023, from https://x.com/APA_Style

Mục tham chiếu, thẻ Replies:

Jordan, M. B. [@michaelb4jordan]. (n.d.). Replies [X profile]. X. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://x.com/michaelb4jordan/with_replies

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(APA Style, n.d.)

X profiles begin on the “Posts” tab by default. If you want to cite one of the other tabs (“Replies,” “Highlights,” “Media,” or “Likes”), use the name of that tab rather than “Posts” in the title element of the reference.

Mục tham chiếu:

News From Science. (2019, June 21). Are you a fan of astronomy? Enjoy reading about what scientists have discovered in our solar system—and beyond? This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/photos/a.117532185107/10156268057260108/?type=3&theater

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(News From Science, 2019)

Trích dẫn tường thuật:

News From Science (2019)

Provide the first 20 words of the post as the title. Count a URL or other link, a hashtag, or an emoji as one word each, and include them in the reference if they fall within the first 20 words. Do not italicize emojis.

If a post includes images, videos, thumbnail links to outside sources, or content from another post (such as when sharing a link), indicate that in square brackets.

Describe the post type (e.g., “[Status update],” “[Video]”) in square brackets after any description of attached content.

Credit Facebook as the site name in the source element and then provide the URL of the post.

Mục tham chiếu:

Community of Multiculturalism. (n.d.). Home [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/communityofmulticulturalism/

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Community of Multiculturalism, n.d.)

Use the page title in the reference (e.g., “Home,” “About,” “Reviews”). Italicize the page title.

Include the notation “[Facebook page]” in square brackets.

Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time and is not archived.

Mục tham chiếu, ảnh:

Philadelphia Museum of Art [@philamuseum]. (2019, December 3). “It’s always wonderful to walk in and see my work in a collection where it’s loved, and where people are [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B5oDnnNhOt4/

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Philadelphia Museum of Art, 2019)

Mục tham chiếu, video:

APA Public Interest Directorate [@apapubint]. (2019, June 14). Male depression is serious, but many men try to ignore it or refuse treatment. Different men have different symptoms, but [Video]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/BysOqenB1v7/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(APA Public Interest Directorate, 2019)

Mục tham chiếu, thẻ Posts:

Swift, T. [@taylorswift]. (n.d.). Posts [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/taylorswift

Mục tham chiếu, thẻ IGTV:

National Geographic [@natgeo]. (n.d.). IGTV [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved December 8, 2019, from https://www.instagram.com/natgeo/channel/

Mục tham chiếu, thẻ Tagged:

United States Army [@usarmy]. (n.d.). Tagged [Instagram profile]. Instagram. Retrieved January 18, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/usarmy/tagged/

Mục tham chiếu, highlight:

The New York Public Library [@nypl]. (n.d.). The raven [Highlight]. Instagram. Retrieved January 6, 2020, from https://www.instagram.com/stories/highlights/17962199170163462/

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Swift, n.d.)

Use the name of the profile page you want to cite in the title element of the reference (e.g., “Posts,” “IGTV,” “Tagged”).

Provide a retrieval date because the content is designed to change over time (users can add or remove stories from the highlight) and is not archived.

Mục tham chiếu, tác giả cá nhân (Style Center hiện hành):

Cook, P. [@chemteacherphil]. (2021, September 17). Fighting fire with fire. #sciencetok #learnontiktok [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@chemteacherphil/video/7008953610872605957

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Cook, 2021)

Trích dẫn tường thuật:

Cook (2021)

Mục tham chiếu, tác giả nhóm:

Washington Post [@washingtonpost]. (2019, December 3). News is all around us #frozen #newsroom #newspaper [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@washingtonpost/video/6765886712896818437

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Washington Post, 2019)

Unlike other social media profile pages, the TikTok page does not have a “Home” or other tabs. For the title in the reference, use the first 20 words of the description (in the example, the title is “CEO of #RockTok”). Include the notation “[TikTok profile]” in square brackets.

If the profile page has no description in the bio, include only the bracketed description “[TikTok profile]” in the title element of the reference.

Mục tham chiếu, hồ sơ có bio:

The Rock. [@therock]. (n.d.). CEO of #RockTok [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved February 22, 2022, from https://tiktok.com/@therock

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(The Rock, n.d.)

Mục tham chiếu, hồ sơ không có bio:

Witherspoon, R. [@reesewitherspoon]. (n.d.). [TikTok profile]. TikTok. Retrieved February 18, 2022, from https://tiktok.com/@reesewitherspoon

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Witherspoon, n.d.)

Mục tham chiếu, bài có tên thật:

Little, J. [j450n_l]. (2018, December 12). I'm the first person in the world with a neural-enabled prosthetic hand. Using an specialized prosthetic and a device implanted [Online forum post]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/AMA/comments/a5jxbe/im_the_first_person_in_the_world_with_a/

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Little, 2018)

Mục tham chiếu, bình luận có tên thật:

Gates, B. [thisisbillgates]. (2017, February 27). Philanthropy is small as a part of the overall economy so it can’t do things like fund health care or [Comment on the online forum post I’m Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Ask me anything.]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/5whpqs/im_bill_gates_cochair_of_the_bill_melinda_gates/dea82mk/

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Gates, 2017)

Mục tham chiếu, bình luận chỉ có tên người dùng:

haffy-1223. (2018, September 12). What do you think while on the launchpad about to launch? [Comment on the online forum post I’m NASA astronaut Scott Tingle. Ask me anything about adjusting to being back on Earth after my first spaceflight!]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/9fagqy/im_nasa_astronaut_scott_tingle_ask_me_anything/e5v0027/

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(haffy-1223, 2018)

When the real name of the author is known, provide it first, in inverted format, followed by the screen name in brackets, as in the example.

When the real name of the author is not known, provide only the screen name without brackets.

Provide the title of the post in the title position, up to the first 20 words.

Provide up to the first 20 words of the comment; then write “Comment on the online forum post” and the full title of post on which the comment appeared (in italics and sentence case, enclosed within square brackets).

LinkedIn does not provide exact dates for posts; rather, it tells users how long ago the post was made. Use the date information provided on the post to infer as specific a date as possible for the reference.

Mục tham chiếu, bài nhóm có ngày đầy đủ:

American Psychological Association. (2019, December 9). Last month, APA joined more than 40 national and international psychology organizations to explore ways to collaborate and use psychological [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/american-psychological-association_how-psychologists-are-combating-climate-change-activity-6609801161937612800-GvdC

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(American Psychological Association, 2019)

Mục tham chiếu, bài cá nhân chỉ năm và tháng:

Goodwin, J. (2019, September). The best part of attending the American Psychological Association's 2019 Convention in Chicago this year was having the opportunity to [Image attached] [Post]. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/jongoodwin3_apa2019-activity-6569581103441682432-CN98

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Goodwin, 2019)

Mục tham chiếu, trang LinkedIn:

John Tyler Community College. (n.d.). Home [LinkedIn page]. LinkedIn. Retrieved January 9, 2020, from https://www.linkedin.com/school/john-tyler-community-college/

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(John Tyler Community College, n.d.)

As with other social media sites, Bluesky officially refers to individual posts as “posts.” Include the description “[Post]” in square brackets after the title.

Bluesky profiles begin on the “Posts” tab by default. Use “Posts” in the title element by default (italicized); if you want to cite one of the other tabs (“Media,” “Videos”), use the name of that tab.

Mục tham chiếu, bài nhóm:

The Associated Press [@apnews.com]. (2026, April 10). Artemis II’s astronauts return to Earth, ending a record-breaking trip around the moon with a splashdown in the Pacific [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. Bluesky. https://bsky.app/profile/apnews.com/post/3mj6kfow3mi2l

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(The Associated Press, 2026)

Mục tham chiếu, bài cá nhân:

Ocasio-Cortez, A. [@aoc.bsky.social]. (2024, November 11). Earnest post, but: a thing I like here is it’s okay to have moments of happiness in public without being broadly scolded, and I believe that sustaining this kind of humanity will be very important as we resist fascism. We [Post]. Bluesky. https://bsky.app/profile/aoc.bsky.social/post/3lapo7x44ws2k

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc:

(Ocasio-Cortez, 2024)

Mục tham chiếu, thẻ Posts:

The Associated Press [@apnews.com]. (n.d.). Posts [Bluesky profile]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 20, 2026, from https://bsky.app/profile/apnews.com

Mục tham chiếu, thẻ Media:

Ocasio-Cortez, A. [@aoc.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Media [Bluesky profile]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 13, 2026, from https://bsky.app/profile/aoc.bsky.social

Mục tham chiếu, starter pack:

Plant Editors [@planteditors.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Plant science journals, societies, & institutions [Starter pack]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 19, 2026, from https://go.bsky.app/Q9QiX9C

Mục tham chiếu, starter pack thông tin–học thuật:

Tattersall, A. [@andytattersall.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Here’s a list of folks I recommend you follow here [Information literacy starter pack]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 17, 2026, from https://bsky.app/starter-pack-short/TGT4Hne

Mục tham chiếu, feed:

Hagan, A. [@dradawrites.bsky.social]. (n.d.). Academic writing [Bluesky feed]. Bluesky. Retrieved May 18, 2026, from https://bsky.app/profile/dradawrites.bsky.social/feed/aaab6trkxo6qa

Trích dẫn trong ngoặc, hồ sơ:

(The Associated Press, n.d.)

Mục tham chiếu, bài Threads công khai:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the post [Post]. Threads. https://xxxxx

Mục tham chiếu, hồ sơ Threads:

Name, A. A. [@username]. (n.d.). Posts [Threads profile]. Threads. Retrieved March 4, 2026, from https://xxxxx

Mục tham chiếu, bài Community:

Name, A. A. (2020, March 4). First 20 words of the Community post [Post]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/post/xxxxx

Cite only original content from social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, Instagram, Tumblr, LinkedIn, and so forth. If you used social media to discover content (e.g., you found a link to a blog post on Pinterest or Twitter) and you want to cite the content, cite it directly.

If you are not able to create the emoji, provide the emoji's name in square brackets, for example, "It doesn't get better than this [clapping hands] This actress deserves a [trophy]".

Trong ngoặc, tác giả có tên:

(Gates, 2019)

Tường thuật, tác giả nhóm:

News From Science (2019) đăng bản cập nhật thiên văn trong cùng tuần.

Hồ sơ:

(APA Style, n.d.)

Hồ sơ TikTok không có bio:

(Witherspoon, n.d.)

Bài Bluesky:

(The Associated Press, 2026)

Bình luận chỉ tên người dùng:

(haffy-1223, 2018)

Story hoặc tin nhắn không lấy lại được:

(A. A. Name, personal communication, March 4, 2026)