シラバス、授業配布資料、コースパックの引用方法

APA 7、クラスが開けるLMSファイル（公式 Example 102 / Mack）:

Mack, R., & Spake, G. (2018). Citing open source images and formatting references for presentations [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@FNU. https://fnu.onelogin.com/login

APA 7、ラベル付きシラバステンプレート（Mackの型。角括弧だけ変える）:

Instructor, A. A. (Year). Title of document [Syllabus]. LMS Name. https://login-page-url

APA 7、紙だけの配布資料（公式の個人的コミュニケーション）:

(T. Nguyen, personal communication, February 24, 2020)

MLA 9、公式シラバス（Style Center）:

Mueller, Alex. Syllabus for Social Networking in the Scriptorium. Spring 2014, U of Massachusetts, Boston.

MLA 9、公式のコースパック再録（Style Center）:

Jackson, Shirley. “The Lottery.” “The Lottery” and Other Stories, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005, pp. 291-302.

Chicago 18、公式の講義アナログ（CMOS Q&A / §14.115）:

D'Erasmo, Stacy. "The Craft and Career of Writing." Lecture, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, April 26, 2000.

Chicago 18、ラベル付きシラバステンプレート（未公刊の説明。第17版の括弧は使わない）:

1. First Name Last Name, syllabus for Course Name, Institution, Term Year.

Chicago 18、公式の個人的コミュニケーション（Quick Guide）:

1. Sam Gomez, Facebook direct message to author, August 1, 2024.

Works that cannot be recovered by readers are cited in the text as personal communications. Personal communications include emails, text messages, online chats or direct messages, personal interviews, telephone conversations, live speeches, nonarchived social media livestreams (e.g., Instagram Live, Twitter Spaces), unrecorded webinars, unrecorded classroom lectures, memos, letters, messages from nonarchived discussion groups or online bulletin boards, and so on.

Use a personal communication citation only when a recoverable source is not available. For example, if you learned about a topic via a classroom lecture, it would be preferable to cite the research on which the instructor based the lecture. However, if the lecture contained original content not published elsewhere, cite the lecture as a personal communication.

If the slides come from a classroom website, learning management system (e.g., Canvas, Blackboard, Moodle, Sakai), or company intranet and you are writing for an audience with access to that resource, provide the name of the site and its URL (use the login page URL for sites requiring login).

If the audience for which are you writing does not have access to the slides, cite them as a personal communication.

An exception is personal communications, which are cited in the text of your paper but are not included in the reference list (see Section 8.9 in the seventh edition Publication Manual).

参考文献リスト（公式 Example 102）:

Mack, R., & Spake, G. (2018). Citing open source images and formatting references for presentations [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@FNU. https://fnu.onelogin.com/login

括弧内:

(Mack & Spake, 2018)

叙述:

Mack and Spake (2018)

その授業の論文向け、ラベル付きシラバステンプレート:

Instructor, A. A. (Year). Course number: course name, term year syllabus [Syllabus]. LMS Name. https://login-page-url

その授業の論文向け、ラベル付き配布資料テンプレート:

Instructor, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of handout [Class handout]. LMS Name. https://login-page-url

叙述引用（APA Style）:

E.-M. Paradis (personal communication, August 8, 2019)

括弧内引用（APA Style）:

(T. Nguyen, personal communication, February 24, 2020)

参考文献リスト:

省略。個人的コミュニケーションは本文中だけに引用する。

参考文献リスト:

Canan, E., & Vasilev, J. (2019, May 22). [Lecture notes on resource allocation]. Department of Management Control and Information Systems, University of Chile. https://uchilefau.academia.edu/ElseZCanan

括弧内:

(Canan & Vasilev, 2019)

ラベル付き、無題配布資料テンプレート:

Instructor, A. A. (Year, Month Day). [Worksheet on topic] [Class handout]. LMS Name. https://login-page-url

オリジナル素材、担当教員が著者でもある:

Elders, M. (2019). Neighborhood watch: Social media in the community. In M. Elders (Ed.), POL 241: Politics and activism in the 21st century (pp. 34–41). American University.

オリジナル素材、著者が別人:

Young, U., & Sikder, T. (2019). Taking a neighborhood canvasing approach to social media. In M. Elders (Ed.), POL 241: Politics and activism in the 21st century (pp. 34–41). American University.

オリジナル素材、指名された著者なし:

Diagram of the tibia–basitarsis joint in Apis melifera. (2015). In B. Haave (Ed.), NEU 451: Movement and perception (pp. 44–45). St. Ambrose University.

括弧内引用（公式の組み合わせ）:

(Elders, 2019; Young & Sikder, 2019)

著者なしの括弧内（公式）:

("A Diagram of the Tibia–Basitarsis Joint in Apis melifera," 2015)

公刊された物語の無変更再録（パックではなく書籍を引用）:

Jackson, S. (2005). The lottery. In "The lottery" and other stories (pp. 291–302). Farrar, Straus and Giroux. (Original work published 1948)

If the author of a work—such as a syllabus, handout, or slide—is known, begin your works-cited-list entry with the name of the author. But be careful not to assume that the instructor is the author; you should only list the instructor in the Author element if you know that they created the materials. If the instructor is not the author, you may give the instructor’s name in the Contributor element. If the author is unknown, list the work by its title.

A syllabus is treated as an untitled work, and you should therefore provide a description of the work in place of a title.

Titles of handouts are capitalized like other titles, and they are styled in italics if they are stand-alone works. If a handout is part of a collection, enclose the title in quotation marks and do not italicize it. If the handout does not have a title, provide a description in place of a title, following the style for untitled works: capitalize the description sentence-style—that is, capitalizing only the first letter of the first word and any proper nouns—and do not italicize it or enclose it in quotation marks.

担当教員がシラバスを書いた:

Mueller, Alex. Syllabus for Social Networking in the Scriptorium. Spring 2014, U of Massachusetts, Boston.

既知の著者が担当教員ではない:

Kelly, Michaela. Syllabus for English Literature before 1600. Taught by Eva Wilder, fall 2021, Indiana University, Bloomington.

著者不明:

Syllabus for Social Networking in the Scriptorium. Taught by Alex Mueller, spring 2014, U of Massachusetts, Boston.

本文中:

(Mueller) or (Kelly) or (Syllabus for Social Networking)

公式LMSスライド（Style Center、15 September 2020）:

Carson, Sandy. Introduction to Digital Humanities. Blackboard, uploaded by Carson, 20 Oct. 2019, blackboard.ucla.edu/. PowerPoint presentation.

公式Google Classroomアップロード（Style Center、6 October 2021）:

Algarotti, Francesco. An Essay on the Opera. Google Classroom, uploaded by Rachel Ross, 1 May 2021, classroom.google.com.

同じ著作、その投稿の原刊オプション:

Algarotti, Francesco. An Essay on the Opera. 1768. Google Classroom, uploaded by Rachel Ross, 1 May 2021, classroom.google.com.

ラベル付き、題名のある紙配布資料テンプレート:

Instructor Last Name, First Name. Title of Handout. Course Number: Course Name, Day Mon. Year, Institution, City. Handout.

ラベル付き、無題の紙配布資料テンプレート:

Instructor Last Name, First Name. Handout on topic. Course Number: Course Name, Day Mon. Year, Institution, City.

If you are unable to get guidance on how to cite course-pack material, assume your instructor wants you to cite the original source of the material.

担当教員が求めるときにパックを引用:

Jackson, Shirley. “The Lottery.” Course pack for English 285: American Short Story Writers, compiled by Anne Smith, Spring 2015, Iowa State U.

代わりに公刊コレクションを引用（既定）:

Jackson, Shirley. “The Lottery.” “The Lottery” and Other Stories, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005, pp. 291-302.

本文中（どちらの場合も原刊のページ付け）:

(Jackson 291)

Titles of unpublished manuscripts, like the titles of other unpublished works, appear in quotation marks. Include the words unpublished manuscript and the date of the version consulted, if known; for electronic files, a last-saved or last-modified date may be appropriate. End the citation with an indication of format.

Unpublished manuscripts that are unavailable for others to consult may be mentioned in the text or in a note but are not usually included in a bibliography or reference list.

Details of the sponsorship, location, and date of the meeting at which a speech was given or a paper, slides, or poster presented follow the title. In previous editions of Chicago this information was put in parentheses. This is no longer the case. If the information is available online, include a URL.

書誌（CMOS Q&A講義）:

D'Erasmo, Stacy. "The Craft and Career of Writing." Lecture, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, April 26, 2000.

初出注、同じ講義:

1. Stacy D'Erasmo, "The Craft and Career of Writing," lecture, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, April 26, 2000.

ラベル付きシラバス注:

2. First Name Last Name, syllabus for Course Name, Institution, Term Year.

ラベル付きシラバス書誌:

Last Name, First Name. Syllabus for Course Name. Institution, Term Year.

ラベル付き、題名のある配布資料注:

3. First Name Last Name, "Title of Handout," unpublished class handout, Course Name, Institution, Month Day, Year.

ラベル付き、無題の配布資料注:

4. First Name Last Name, handout on topic, Course Name, Institution, Month Day, Year.

It is often sufficient simply to describe web pages and other website content in the text (“As of November 15, 2023, Google’s privacy policy stated . . .”).

Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text or in a note only; they are rarely included in a bibliography.

公式の個人的コミュニケーション注:

1. Sam Gomez, Facebook direct message to author, August 1, 2024.

初出注（公刊コレクションを引用）:

5. Shirley Jackson, "The Lottery," in "The Lottery" and Other Stories (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005), 291.

短縮注:

6. Jackson, "The Lottery," 291.

書誌（CMOS 18 §14.8: 章のページ範囲は必須ではない）:

Jackson, Shirley. "The Lottery." In "The Lottery" and Other Stories. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005.

同じ章、パックを示す（ラベル付き追加。公式CMOS行ではない）:

7. Shirley Jackson, "The Lottery," in "The Lottery" and Other Stories (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005), 291, reprinted in course pack for Course Name, compiled by Instructor (Institution, Term Year).

参照リストの公式講義アナログ:

D'Erasmo, Stacy. 2000. "The Craft and Career of Writing." Lecture, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, April 26.

その講義の本文中:

(D'Erasmo 2000)

ラベル付きシラバス参照:

Last Name, First Name. Year. Syllabus for Course Name. Institution, Term.

個人的コミュニケーションとして扱う紙の配布資料（本文または注のみ）:

(First Name Last Name, class handout, Month Day, Year)