护理学引用指南：临床资料的APA 7

期刊文章：

作者, A. A., & 作者, B. B. (年份). 文章标题. 期刊名称, 卷(期), 页码. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx

临床指南或报告（团体作者）：

机构名称. (年份). 指南标题 (如有系列编号). https://xxxxx

UpToDate或其他专有数据库文章：

作者, A. A. (年份). 文章标题. UpToDate. Retrieved 月 日, 年份, from https://xxxxx

Cochrane综述：

作者, A. A., 作者, B. B., & 作者, C. C. (年份). 综述标题. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CDxxxxxx

括号引用：

(作者, 年份)

叙述性引用：

作者 (年份)

团体作者，首次与其后提及：

(American Nurses Association [ANA], 2025)；其后 (ANA, 2025)

APA Style, Elements of reference list entries

Spell out the full name of a group author in the reference list entry, followed by a period.

APA Style, Group author abbreviations

In the reference list entry, do not abbreviate the group author name. Instead, spell out the full name of the group as presented in the source.

Journal of Nursing Education, Information for Authors

Manuscripts should be prepared following the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition, and spelling should reflect Dorland’s Illustrated Medical Dictionary.

APA Style journal-article checklist

Use the journal name shown on the work (e.g., at the top of the article or on the cover of the journal)—do not abbreviate it yourself.

This journal adheres to the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals (2025) of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE), and we are committed to following Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidance to promote integrity in research and its publication.

The reference list should be in alphabetical order, not numerical order.

References should emphasize the most recent and relevant works and should be cited in the text per the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition.

References to news articles and general online content (eg, Wikipedia) are discouraged.

APA Style journal-article checklist

Use the journal name shown on the work (e.g., at the top of the article or on the cover of the journal)—do not abbreviate it yourself.

APA Style journal-article checklist

If the article has an article number or eLocator instead of a page range, write the word "Article" and then the article number instead of a page range, followed by a period.

APA Style journal-article checklist

Do not put a period at the end of the DOI or URL.

APA Style journal-article checklist

Do not write "Retrieved from" or "Accessed from" before the DOI or URL.

Journal of Nursing Education

Journal titles should conform to how they are listed in PubMed/MEDLINE. For journals not listed in PubMed/MEDLINE, you must provide the title in full.

Journal of Nursing Education

Journal titles should be listed as they were at the time the cited article was published.

参考文献：

Bultas, M. W., Taylor, J., Rubbelke, C., Schmuke, A. D., & Jackson, J. (2023). Anxiety and answer-changing behavior in nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 62(6), 351–354. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20230418-01

括号引用（三位及以上作者）：

(Bultas et al., 2023)

叙述性：

Bultas et al. (2023)

文章（JNE作者须知）：

Bvumbwe, T., & Mtshali, N. (2018). Transition-to-practice guidelines: Enhancing the quality of nursing education. African Journal of Health Professions Education, 10(1), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.7196/AJHPE.2018.v10i1.898

书籍（JNE作者须知）：

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2021). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

书中章节（JNE作者须知）：

Shaheen, M., Pradhan, S., & Ranajee. (2019). Sampling in qualitative research. In M. Gupta, M. Shaheen, & K. Reddy (Eds.), Qualitative techniques for workplace data analysis (pp. 25–51). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5366-3.ch002

在线出版物（JNE作者须知）：

American Library Association Literacy Clearinghouse. (2022). Digital literacy. https://literacy.ala.org/digital-literacy/

括号引用，两位作者：

(Bvumbwe & Mtshali, 2018)

Aiken et al., JAMA 2002:

Aiken, L. H., Clarke, S. P., Sloane, D. M., Sochalski, J., & Silber, J. H. (2002). Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction. JAMA, 288(16), 1987–1993. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.16.1987

Melnyk et al., Worldviews 2014:

Melnyk, B. M., Gallagher-Ford, L., Long, L. E., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2014). The establishment of evidence-based practice competencies for practicing registered nurses and advanced practice nurses in real-world clinical settings: Proficiencies to improve healthcare quality, reliability, patient outcomes, and costs. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 11(1), 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/wvn.12021

APA Style, Journal article references

Do not include database information in the reference unless the journal article comes from a database that publishes works of limited circulation or original, proprietary content, such as UpToDate.

APA Style journal-article checklist

If the article comes from an academic research database and does not have a DOI, do not include any electronic retrieval information in the reference.

APA Style journal-article checklist

Do not write "Retrieved from" or "Accessed from" before the DOI or URL.

Articles in the UpToDate database are available only in that database (see Section 9.30) and have information that changes over time. In the reference list, format UpToDate articles like periodical articles. Do not italicize the database name if it appears in text.

UpToDate（Morey, 2019），Publication Manual §10.1 Example 14：

Morey, M. C. (2019). Physical activity and exercise in older adults. UpToDate. Retrieved July 22, 2019, from https://www.uptodate.com/contents/physical-activity-and-exercise-in-older-adults

括号引用：

(Morey, 2019)

Cochrane自己的首选引用（Langer et al., 2024）：

Langer G, Wan CS, Fink A, Schwingshackl L, Schoberer D. Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2024, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD003216. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003216.pub3.

同一综述的APA 7：

Langer, G., Wan, C. S., Fink, A., Schwingshackl, L., & Schoberer, D. (2024). Nutritional interventions for preventing and treating pressure ulcers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2024(2), Article CD003216. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD003216.pub3

StatPearls模板（不是编造的主题）：

作者, A. A. (年份). 文章标题. StatPearls. Retrieved 月 日, 年份, from https://www.statpearls.com/xxxxx

Polit and Beck（JNE作者须知）：

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2021). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

Shaheen章节（JNE作者须知）：

Shaheen, M., Pradhan, S., & Ranajee. (2019). Sampling in qualitative research. In M. Gupta, M. Shaheen, & K. Reddy (Eds.), Qualitative techniques for workplace data analysis (pp. 25–51). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5366-3.ch002

护理OER（APA Common Reference Examples, §10.16）：

Fagan, J. (2024, February 7). Nursing clinical brain. OER Commons. Retrieved April 8, 2025, from https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/53029-nursing-clinical-brain/view

教科书模板：

作者, A. A., & 作者, B. B. (年份). 书名 (第n版). 出版社.

NICE NG136（2026年2月更新）：

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2026). Hypertension in adults: Diagnosis and management (NICE Guideline NG136). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng136

AACN citing page，官方学术引用（为这次改写打开）：

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2026). The Essentials: Core competencies for professional nursing education. Accessible online at https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Publications/Essentials-2026.pdf

同一文件的APA 7句首大写：

American Association of Colleges of Nursing. (2026). The essentials: Core competencies for professional nursing education. https://www.aacnnursing.org/Portals/0/PDFs/Publications/Essentials-2026.pdf

Future of Nursing 2020–2030：

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2021). The future of nursing 2020-2030: Charting a path to achieve health equity. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25982

括号引用，NICE首次提及：

(National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2026)

其后提及：

(NICE, 2026)

Provision 1

The nurse practices with compassion and respect for the inherent dignity, worth, and unique attributes of every person.

Provision 10

Nursing, through organizations and associations, participates in the global nursing and health community to promote human and environmental health, well-being, and flourishing.

参考文献：

American Nurses Association. (2025). Code of ethics for nurses. https://codeofethics.ana.org/provisions

文内，第1条：

(American Nurses Association, 2025, Provision 1)

其后提及，第10条：

(ANA, 2025, Provision 10)

模板：

法令名称, 标题号 来源缩写 § 条款 (年份). https://xxxxx

DailyMed药品信息：

制造商名称. (年份, 月 日). 商品名—通用名 剂型 [药品信息]. DailyMed. https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/xxxxx

有名称的药品指南条目：

作者, A. A., & 作者, B. B. (年份). 通用药名. In 药品指南书名 (第n版). 出版社. https://xxxxx

无具名作者的词典条目：

词条. (年份). In E. 编者 (Ed.), 词典书名 (第n版). 出版社. https://xxxxx

Journal of Nursing Education, Quality Improvement Briefs

DNP projects are particularly suited to being reported in this manuscript category.

JNE在线出版物样本：

American Library Association Literacy Clearinghouse. (2022). Digital literacy. https://literacy.ala.org/digital-literacy/

DNP项目模板：

作者, A. A. (年份). 项目标题 [护理实践博士最终项目, 大学名称]. 仓储名称. https://xxxxx

机构网页，无日期：

机构名称. (n.d.). 网页标题. https://xxxxx

References should emphasize the most recent and relevant works and should be cited in the text per the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th edition.

References to papers “in press” (ie, accepted by a journal but not yet published) should be included in the reference list.

Manuscripts in preparation, unpublished data, and personal communications should be mentioned parenthetically in the text.

模板：

(F. 姓, 临床护理专家, personal communication, 月 日, 年份)