如何用MLA引用电影或电视剧

电影（标题在前）：

Film Title. Directed by First Last, Production Company, Year.

电影（导演在前）：

Last, First, director. Film Title. Production Company, Year.

电视剧单集：

"Episode Title." Series Title, created by First Last, season #, episode #, Production Company, Day Mon. Year.

整部剧集：

Series Title. Created by First Last, Production Company, Year-Year.

电影配乐（作曲者在前；带标签的模板）：

Last, First. Original score for Film Title. Year.

文内（标题+时间）：

(Shortened Title 1:22:07–18)

To create a basic works-cited-list entry for a movie, list the title of the movie. Then in the Contributor element, list the name of the director. Next, in the Publisher element, provide the name of the company that produced the movie, followed by the release date.

You might include other elements, such as additional contributors if they are pertinent to your discussion, and website information if you accessed the movie online.

手册（引用规则时才引用这一条）：

MLA Handbook. 9th ed., Modern Language Association of America, 2021.

This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook.

Works Cited:

Opening Night. Directed by John Cassavetes, Faces Distribution, 1977.

文内（仅标题；从你的拷贝加上时间戳）：

(Opening Night)

Works Cited:

Richardson, Tony, director. Sanctuary. Screenplay by James Poe, Twentieth Century Fox, 1961. YouTube, uploaded by LostCinemaChannel, 17 July 2014, www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMnzFM_Sq8s.

文内（导演在前；从你的拷贝加上时间戳）：

(Richardson)

散文，标题在句中：

Point of No Return, a remake of Nikita, deviates from the original French movie in several ways.

散文，标题在括号里：

Luc Besson (Nikita) and John Badham (Point) approach the figure of the femme fatale differently in their films.

Works Cited:

Nikita. Directed by Luc Besson, Gaumont / Les Films du Loup, 1990.

Works Cited:

Point of No Return. Directed by John Badham, Warner Bros., 1993.

散文：

Point of No Return (Badham), a remake of Nikita (Besson), deviates from the original French movie in several ways.

Works Cited:

Badham, John, director. Point of No Return. Warner Bros., 1993.

Works Cited:

Besson, Luc, director. Nikita. Gaumont / Les Films du Loup, 1990.

Works Cited:

"Hush." 1999. Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Complete Fourth Season, created by Joss Whedon, episode 10, Mutant Enemy / Twentieth Century Fox, 2003, disc 3. DVD.

文内（单集标题；从你的拷贝加上时间戳）：

("Hush")

"Black Tie." Directed by Arthur W. Forney, performances by Jerry Orbach and Chris Noth. Law and Order, created by Dick Wolf, season 4, episode 5, Wolf Films, 20 Oct. 1993. DVD.

"Manhattan Vigil." Directed by Jean de Segonzac, performances by Christopher Meloni and Mariska Hargitay. Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, created by Dick Wolf, season 14, episode 5, Wolf Films, 24 Oct. 2012. Netflix, www.netflix.com.

"Snatched." Directed by Constantine Makris, performances by Jerry Orbach and Chris Noth. Law and Order, created by Dick Wolf, season 4, episode 12, Wolf Films, 12 Jan. 1994. DVD.

Television series are divided into episodes and often air for many seasons. During the run of a series, performers, directors, and even the entity making the show publicly available (the "publisher") can change, and thus publication information typically varies by episode.

Thus, since the goal of cross-referencing entries in the works-cited list is economy and since relevant publication details pertain to the episode, not the series, this method is not usually a suitable option for television series.

Works Cited:

Victoria. Created by Daisy Goodwin, Mammoth Screen, 2016-17.

官方散文：

At the start of the television series Victoria, Victoria struggles to prove she can handle her monarchical duties despite her youth and inexperience. By episode 2, when several characters conspire to have her declared insane, she gains an ally in Lord Melbourne, who comes to her rescue.

"Pilot." Breaking Bad. Written and directed by Vince Gilligan, season 1, Sony Pictures, 2008.

"Pilot." Hell on Wheels. Written by Tony Gayton and Joe Gayton, directed by David Von Ancken, season 1, Entertainment One, 2012.

"Pilot." Lucifer. Written by Tom Kapinos, directed by Len Wiseman, season 1, Warner Archive Collection, 2015.

文内：

("Pilot" [Breaking Bad])

文内：

("Pilot" [Hell on Wheels])

文内：

("Pilot" [Lucifer])

Gilligan, Vince, director. "Pilot." Breaking Bad. Written by Gilligan, season 1, Sony Pictures, 2008.

Von Ancken, David, director. "Pilot." Hell on Wheels. Written by Tony Gayton and Joe Gayton, season 1, Entertainment One, 2012.

Wiseman, Len, director. "Pilot." Lucifer. Written by Tom Kapinos, season 1, Warner Archive Collection 2015.

文内：

(Gilligan)

文内：

(Von Ancken)

文内：

(Wiseman)

If you access a work through an app, consider the app a version according to the MLA format template.

Works Cited:

The Crown. Netflix app, Left Bank Pictures / Sony Pictures Television Production UK, 2016.

Italicize the title since the episode is a stand-alone work, and ensure that the name of the account that uploaded the video is reproduced precisely. Information such as series title, season number, and episode number, which typically appears as separate information, is not included in this entry because the episode was viewed on YouTube. In this example, YouTube is the work's container—not M*A*S*H.

Works Cited:

M*A*S*H Season 10 Episode 3 Rumor at the Top. YouTube, uploaded by DINH TAN 3, 21 Jan. 2019, www.youtube.com/watch?v=_rMSkzmHz1o&list= PLJz0BbTwAJLgSjC1iZI0-5duKL71efE2t&index=2.

To cite a movie score, follow the MLA format template. Begin your entry with the name of the score's composer. Film scores do not usually have formal titles, so you will most likely need to include a description of the score in the Title of Source element.

Note that a movie score is different from a movie soundtrack, which often includes existing songs by other artists in addition to music composed specifically for the film.

作为描述的配乐：

Göransson, Ludwig. Original score for Sinners. 2025.

电影，作曲者在Contributor要素：

Sinners. Directed by Ryan Coogler, original score by Ludwig Göransson, Proximity Media / Warner Bros. Pictures, 2025.

配乐专辑（附录2录音）：

Göransson, Ludwig. Sinners (Original Motion Picture Score). Sony Classical, 2025.

原声专辑（多名艺人）：

Sinners (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack). Sony Masterworks, 2025.

When relevant, an in-text citation also has a second component: if a specific part of a work is quoted or paraphrased and the work includes a page number, line number, time stamp, or other way to point readers to the place in the work where the information can be found, that location marker must be included in parentheses.

The MLA recommends making your citations useful to your reader. A time stamp could help your reader locate the scene in a movie, video, or television show that you are discussing, so you might want to include that information.

To quote dialogue in a film or TV show, follow the MLA guidelines for drama, interviews, and other written sources representing dialogue with speakers' names: Introduce speech by each new speaker with the character's name (or a description, if the character is unnamed) in all capital letters, followed by a period.

论文中的块引：

In Asteroid City, the encounter with the alien presages planetary collapse:

AUGIE. I don't like the way that guy looked at us.
MIDGE. What guy?
AUGIE. The alien.
MIDGE. How did he—how did he look at us?
AUGIE. Like we're doomed.
MIDGE. Maybe we are. (1:22:07–18)

正文中的短引：

To Augie's remark that the alien looked at them "like we're doomed," Midge responds, "Maybe we are" (1:22:13–18).

Works Cited:

Asteroid City. Directed by Wes Anderson, Focus Features / Indian Paintbrush, 2023.