How to Cite a Film or TV Show in MLA

How to Cite a Film or TV Show in MLA: Quick Answer

Cite the object in front of you, not a generic IMDb record. A feature you watched in a theater or on a disc is usually title, director, production company, year. An episode is a short work inside a series container, so the episode title goes in quotation marks and the series title is italicized. A whole series you discuss in general can be one Works Cited line. If you opened the work in Netflix, Hulu, or another app, MLA treats that app as a version. A film score you discuss as music starts with the composer and a description; a soundtrack album starts with the album title. Pair every Works Cited line with an in-text citation that uses the title or featured contributor, plus a timestamp when you point at a moment (MLA Handbook 6.28; dialogue form in 6.40–6.41).

Italicize film titles and series titles. Put episode titles in quotation marks. Do not cite a character as the author: Kane does not write Citizen Kane. List performers, writers, or other contributors only when your sentence is about their work. For the assigned style landing page and generator, start at MLA.

The Official Rule, from the MLA Style Center

There is no tenth edition to switch to. The handbook does not keep a separate movie snowflake template. It gives nine core elements, and the Style Center applies them to film and television like this:

That second sentence is why two students can cite the same film differently and both be right: one paper is about the director, the other is about a performer or a streaming upload. Cite the handbook itself only when you quote the rules:

Free worked examples live on the MLA Style Center movies, videos, and television page. The Style Center in-text overview restates handbook 6.3–6.30. Several older Q&A posts still carry this leftover eighth-edition banner; the published examples remain the strings this page copies:

You will see that banner on the television-episode, pilot, app, and timestamp notes cited below. Do not treat the banner as a reason to invent a different 9th-edition film template. A one-page punctuation reminder is on the MLA cheat sheet. User-uploaded YouTube lessons belong on how to cite a YouTube video in MLA; this page stays with films and television, including a film or episode you happened to watch on YouTube.

Film, Episode, or Whole Series?

Students often paste one series line and hope it covers every episode they quote. Publication facts change across a run: directors, performers, and even the company that makes the show available can differ by episode. The Style Center therefore treats most episode work as separate entries.

If the paper does both — a claim about the series and a close reading of two episodes — list the episodes you actually used. Do not invent a "see also the series" cross-reference that hides the episode facts.

Official Movie Examples from the Style Center

The Style Center's own theatrical example is John Cassavetes's Opening Night. Begin with the italicized title, then the director, the company that produced or distributed the film, and the year. This is the shape to copy for a film you saw in a theater, on a campus screening, or on a disc when you do not need a second container.

When the copy you used is an online upload, the Style Center adds a second container for the site. Its movies-and-television example leads with the director because that post is documenting a specific online copy of Tony Richardson's Sanctuary, including the leftover uploader and the watch URL. Keep the URL in the official host-without-https form unless your instructor asks for a clickable link.

That Sanctuary line is a film that happens to live on YouTube. The separate YouTube-videos post uses a leftover-no-uploader film line for John Huston's Moby Dick (YouTube, 8 Jan. 2021, no "uploaded by"). Do not graft LostCinemaChannel onto Moby Dick, and do not drop the uploader from Sanctuary. The Moby Dick string and the native-YouTube lesson live on the YouTube MLA guide. This page keeps the movies-and-television Sanctuary upload.

Remakes and In-Text Pairing

Cite the version on the screen. The Style Center's remake pair is Luc Besson's Nikita and John Badham's Point of No Return. The in-text pointer must match whatever comes first in the Works Cited line. If you list the films by title, name those titles in the sentence or the parentheses. If you list them under the director, name or cite the director.

The Style Center film in-text note is the source of those four lines. Do not cite the later remake as if it were the film you watched, and do not fold both versions into one entry.

Official Television Examples from the Style Center

An episode is a short work. The episode title comes first, in quotation marks. The series — or the season set you actually held — is the container. The Style Center's physical-media example keeps the original broadcast year and the DVD year, because those are different dates. A leftover HTML span on that page splits the word Season; the published title is still Buffy the Vampire Slayer: The Complete Fourth Season.

If you discuss details of individual episodes and you used only a few, list those episodes separately. The Style Center's Law and Order set is the model. Notice that the Netflix copy names Netflix and a URL, while the DVD copies name the disc format. Do not copy the Netflix line onto a disc you actually owned, and do not copy the DVD line onto a stream.

The Style Center television-episode note (16 January 2018; leftover eighth-edition banner) is explicit that episode-level publication facts are why you should not collapse those lines into one series entry with cross-references:

When the paper talks about a series in general, one entry is enough. The Style Center's example is Victoria, cited by creator, production company, and run of years, then discussed in prose by episode number rather than by a stack of episode entries.

If your study covers many episodes across a franchise, the same Style Center post lets you organize the Works Cited list with series subheads — for example Law and Order, then Law and Order: Special Victims Unit, then other primary and secondary works — rather than inventing cross-references.

When Several Episodes Are Titled "Pilot"

A works-cited list can hold more than one episode called "Pilot." The Style Center pilot note (20 May 2020; leftover eighth-edition banner) gives two official options. Option 1 keeps the shared episode title and adds the series title in brackets in the parenthetical citation. Option 2 leads with the director so the parentheses can be a surname.

The Style Center calls option 2 preferable because the parentheses stay short. Copy the punctuation of the option you choose. Option 2's leftover Lucifer line, as published, has no comma before 2015; option 1's Lucifer line does. Do not "fix" an official string. And do not invent a cute nickname for a pilot: the Friends pilot is "The One Where Monica Gets a Roommate," not "The One Where It All Began."

Streaming Services and Apps

MLA does not have a special "Netflix style." A stream is still a film or an episode. What changes is the container or the version. The Style Center post on works streamed through an app (8 December 2016; leftover eighth-edition banner) treats the app name as the version element and tells you to add the word app when the name alone would be unclear:

Compare that with "Manhattan Vigil," which names Netflix as a website container plus www.netflix.com. Use the app form when you watched inside the application. Use the website form when you watched in a browser and you have a stable URL. Purdue OWL's leftover classroom restatement still prints an https watch URL for Parks and Recreation ("94 Meetings," Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/watch/70152031). Do not copy that leftover-https-watch-URL onto a Style Center line, and do not add a theater chain, a dorm Wi-Fi name, or "watched on my laptop" as the publisher. The publisher is the company that produced or made the work public, not the room you sat in.

A TV Episode Uploaded to YouTube

If the file you opened is a TV episode sitting on YouTube, cite the upload, not a generic series record. The Style Center YouTube-episode note starts with the title as YouTube prints it, then YouTube, the uploader, the upload date, and the URL. Series title, season, and episode number drop out when those facts are not how the platform presents the file:

Copy the account name exactly, including the spacing in DINH TAN 3. The official leftover URL keeps the space after list=; do not tidy it. That line is still a television source you watched as a YouTube file. A lecture, vlog, or music video published as a YouTube video belongs on the YouTube MLA page. A complete film whose second container happens to be YouTube — the Sanctuary pattern above — stays on this page.

Movie Scores and Soundtracks

A common error is to cite Ludwig Göransson's music for Ryan Coogler's Sinners as if it were the film, or to treat the score album and the song-heavy soundtrack as the same object. The 6 May 2026 Style Center movie-score note gives four official strings. Use the composer-first description when the score is the source. Use the film line, with the composer in the Contributor element, when you are still writing about the movie. Use the Sony Classical album when you listened to the score recording. Use the Sony Masterworks album when you mean the soundtrack that also carries songs by other artists.

Do not invent a formal title such as Sinners Suite when the Style Center's leftover description is "Original score for Sinners." Do not move Sony Classical onto the soundtrack line, and do not move Sony Masterworks onto the score album. If you only watched the film, the Coogler line is enough; the composer slot is optional unless the paper is about the music.

Who Starts the Works Cited Line

Most film and TV entries start with the title because films are collaborative. Lead with a person only when that person is the focus of your sentence. Then label the role: director, performer, creator, screenplay by, or, on the leftover Sinners film line, original score by. The Style Center's Sanctuary line is the director-first pattern. A performer-first line is the same idea with a different label. Do not list the entire closing crawl.

Films have directors. Television series usually have creators. An episode can have its own director and writers on top of the series creator, which is why the Law and Order examples name both. If you cannot find a creator, skip that slot rather than inventing one from a fan wiki. Purdue OWL's leftover film page still restates the title-first default with Speed Racer (Lana and Lilly Wachowski, Warner Brothers, 2008) and a director-first Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (Lucas, Twentieth Century Fox, 1977). Use those as a classroom restatement, not as a second official manual, and do not copy Purdue's leftover "Warner Brothers" spelling onto a Style Center Warner Bros. line.

In-Text Citations, Timestamps, and Quoted Dialogue

An in-text citation begins with whatever your Works Cited line begins with: a shortened italic title, a quoted episode title, or a contributor surname. For time-based media, add a location the reader can find. The Style Center's film-dialogue note points to MLA Handbook 6.40–6.41 and tells you to include a timestamp when you can. Hours, minutes, and seconds use colons; a range uses an en dash and may drop repeated hours or minutes, as in the official Asteroid City example below.

The same advice applies when you summarize a scene you do not quote. The leftover timings-for-film-scenes note (11 June 2020; eighth-edition banner) compares film timings to page numbers in a novel: include them when they help the reader. A timestamp is useful on a stream and on a DVD; the Style Center's one-word answer to that leftover question is yes.

To quote spoken dialogue, treat the exchange the way MLA treats drama. The 7 May 2025 Style Center note is the current instruction:

In Asteroid City, the encounter with the alien presages planetary collapse:

AUGIE. I don't like the way that guy looked at us.
MIDGE. What guy?
AUGIE. The alien.
MIDGE. How did he—how did he look at us?
AUGIE. Like we're doomed.
MIDGE. Maybe we are. (1:22:07–18)

The leftover HTML on that short quotation wraps 22:13–18 in a font-weight span, which some converters print as (1: 22:13–18). The published parenthetical is still (1:22:13–18). Do not insert a space after the first colon. Check the credits for the spelling of a character's name. Do not put a runtime in the Works Cited line; length is not a core element. The timestamp belongs in the parenthetical citation, not in the entry.

Failure Modes Students Actually Hit

• Citing a character. The Works Cited line names a creator or a title, never the fictional speaker.
• Using a theater chain or "Netflix" as a substitute for every slot. Netflix can be a version or a container. It is not automatically the production company. Faces Distribution, Wolf Films, Mammoth Screen, and Proximity Media / Warner Bros. Pictures are the publishers in the official examples.
• Copying an IMDb full-cast dump. List the director by default; add writers, performers, or a composer only when the paper needs them.
• One series entry for every quoted episode. If publication facts differ, list the episodes. The Style Center's Law and Order set is the correction.
• A made-up episode title. The Friends pilot is "The One Where Monica Gets a Roommate," not "The One Where It All Began." Read the title card or the platform listing.
• Several "Pilot" entries with identical parentheses. Add the series in brackets, or lead with the director, as the Style Center's Breaking Bad / Hell on Wheels / Lucifer set shows.
• *A leftover comma "fix" on option 2's Lucifer line.* Option 1 prints Warner Archive Collection, 2015. Option 2 prints Warner Archive Collection 2015 with no comma. Copy the option you chose.
• A leftover space inserted into `(1:22:13–18)`. A Style Center span splits the digits in the HTML. The published short quotation has no space after the first colon.
• A leftover Purdue OWL https watch URL. Purdue's Parks and Recreation restatement still uses https://www.netflix.com/watch/70152031. The Style Center's Manhattan Vigil line uses www.netflix.com. Follow the copy you are documenting.
• *A leftover Moby Dick / Sanctuary merge. Huston's Moby Dick YouTube line has no uploader. Richardson's Sanctuary* line names LostCinemaChannel. Do not blend them.
• *Citing the Sinners score, score album, and soundtrack as one source.* Göransson's description, the Coogler film line, Sony Classical, and Sony Masterworks are four leftover-distinct objects.
• A full release date on a film that only needs a year. Use the year unless you are documenting a specific broadcast or upload, as the Buffy and Sanctuary examples do.
• https links in a URL that the Style Center printed without a scheme. Follow the copy you are documenting, then follow your instructor if they want a live link.
• Citing a remake or a later book as if it were the film you watched. Cite the version on the screen. Nikita and Point of No Return are two entries. If you also used the source novel, that is a third.
• Guessing an English title for a film you watched under another name. Cite the title on the copy you used. You may add the original title afterward if the paper needs both; do not invent a translation.
• Treating a YouTube TV upload as a normal episode. If YouTube is the container, start with the title as the platform prints it. Do not rebuild season and episode slots the upload does not show.

Where to Find the Facts

• The copy you watched. Opening and closing credits, the disc menu, or the streaming details page beat a random hit on a search engine.
• The container in your hand. A complete-season DVD has a set title, a disc number, and a DVD year that a stream will not have.
• The Style Center examples above. Copy their punctuation: comma before the year, period after the title, slash between two companies, leftover-no-comma on option 2's Lucifer line.
• Library records and studio pages, when credits on screen are too fast. Use them to confirm spelling, not to invent a director.
• [Purdue OWL's other-common-sources page](https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_works_cited_other_common_sources.html) when you need a classroom restatement of the title-first film default (Speed Racer; Lucas / Star Wars Episode IV). It does not replace the Style Center examples on this page, and it still carries a leftover https Netflix watch URL.

IMDb and Wikipedia can help you spell a name after you have identified the work, but they are not the source you cite unless you are writing about those sites. Cite the film, episode, score, or soundtrack.

Film Studies versus a YouTube Clip

This URL is the how-to for a movie or television program in MLA: a complete work, an episode, a series, or the leftover Sinners score/soundtrack set. It is not the APA audiovisual page, which leads with a director as author and a bracketed [Film] description. It is not the YouTube guide, which is for videos published as YouTube videos and which keeps the leftover-no-uploader Moby Dick film line. If your professor assigned Chicago notes, use the Chicago multimedia guide instead of forcing these MLA slots into a footnote.

Related guides

• How to cite a YouTube video in MLA
• How to cite a podcast in MLA
• How to cite a play in MLA
• How to cite films and TV in APA
• How to cite a movie (source page)
• How to cite a TV show (source page)
• MLA style overview
• Works Cited, defined
• In-text citations, defined