如何用MLA格式引用网站

Works Cited，有署名作者：

姓, 名. "网页标题." 网站标题, 出版者, Day Mon. Year, URL.

Works Cited，出版者与网站相同：

姓, 名. "网页标题." 网站标题, Day Mon. Year, URL.

Works Cited，无作者：

"网页标题." 网站标题, Day Mon. Year, URL.

Works Cited，无出版日期：

姓, 名. "网页标题." 网站标题, URL. 访问 Day Mon. Year.

Works Cited，Wikipedia条目：

"条目标题." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Day Mon. Year, URL.

Works Cited，整个网站或项目：

网站标题. 出版者, Year-Year, URL.

括号引用：

(姓) 或 ("标题")

叙述性引用：

名 姓 写道 . . .

To create a basic works-cited-list entry for an online work, list the author, the title of the work, the title of the website as the title of the container, and the publication details.

To use the template, evaluate the work you’re citing to see which elements apply to the source. Then, list each element relevant to your source in the order given on the template.

Deresiewicz, William. “The Death of the Artist—and the Birth of the Creative Entrepreneur.” The Atlantic, 28 Dec. 2014, theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/the-death-of-the-artist-and-the-birth-of-the-creative-entrepreneur/383497/.

As the MLA Handbook explains, in some cases, you may omit the name of a publisher from your works-cited-list entry—for example, if you are citing a source from a website with basically the same name as that of its publisher (42):

Burns, Shauntee. “Finding Wonder Women at the Library: Online Biographies and Encyclopedias.” New York Public Library, 2 Mar. 2016, www.nypl.org/blog/2016/03/02/biographies-women-history.

But if you are citing such a work from a website with basically the same name as that of its publisher, then both the author and publisher elements are omitted:

“Education.” New York Public Library, 2018, www.nypl.org/education.

Poe, Edgar Allan. “The Masque of the Red Death.” The Complete Works of Edgar Allan Poe, edited by James A. Harrison, vol. 4, Thomas Y. Crowell, 1902, pp. 250-58. HathiTrust Digital Library, hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924079574368.

Goldman, Anne. “Questions of Transport: Reading Primo Levi Reading Dante.” The Georgia Review, vol. 64, no. 1, spring 2010, pp. 69-88. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/41403188.

Works-cited lists typically do not contain entries for websites as a whole. Entries should refer to the specific web page or resource that contains the quoted or summarized information.

When you cite specific pages of a website, create works-cited-list entries for each page:

Do not create an entry for a website as a whole and then cross-reference individual pages to it, the way you might when you are citing several short stories in a printed anthology.

“About Blake.” The William Blake Archive, edited by Morris Eaves et al., 2017, www.blakearchive.org/staticpage/biography.

“Songs of Innocence (Composed 1789).” The William Blake Archive, edited by Morris Eaves et al., 2017, www.blakearchive.org/work/s-inn.

Smith, Bradley. “Tips for Teaching Community-Engagement Projects in the College Writing Classroom.” The MLA Style Center, Modern Language Association of America, 19 Feb. 2019, style.mla.org/community-engagement-writing/.

“How Do I Cite a Map?” The MLA Style Center, Modern Language Association of America, 6 Apr. 2018, style.mla.org/citing-images-viewed-firsthand-or-online/.

“Formatting a Research Paper.” The MLA Style Center, Modern Language Association of America, 2019, style.mla.org/formatting-papers/.

When a work is published without an author’s name, begin the works-cited-list entry with the title of the work. Do not use Anonymous in place of an author’s name:

“English Language Arts Standards.” Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2017, www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/.

Hart Research Associates. It Takes More Than a Major: Employer Priorities for College Learning and Student Success. Association of American Colleges and Universities, 2013, www.aacu.org/publications-research/periodicals/it-takes-more-major-employer-priorities-college-learning-and.

An exception: if a corporate author is also the work’s publisher, list that entity as the publisher and skip the Author element:

Reading at Risk: A Survey of Literary Reading in America. National Endowment for the Arts, June 2004.

“Pendragon.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, 15 Dec. 2016, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendragon.

“Encyclopedia.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Dec. 2018, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia.

According to Wikipedia, an encyclopedia “is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge from either all branches or from a particular field or discipline” (“Encyclopedia”).

When a source carries more than one date, cite the date that is most meaningful or most relevant to your use of the source

If the web source you are citing does not list a publication date, omit the “Publication date” element from your entry. You may, however, wish to include an access date in the optional-element slot.

If the web page you are citing does not provide a publication date, you should use the copyright date as the publication date in your works-cited-list entry, just as you would use the date on the copyright page of a book whose title page does not show a publication date. If the copyright date is given as a range of years, use only the last year in the range as the publication date.

Including an access date for an online work may be especially useful if the work lacks a publication date or if you suspect that the work may be altered or removed, which is more common with informal or self-published works.

“Orhan Pamuk: Un écrivain turc à succès.” Orhan Pamuk Site, İletişm Publishing, orhanpamuk.net/book.aspx?id=10&lng=eng. Accessed 25 Oct. 2015.

Review of Or What You Will, by Jo Walton. Publishers Weekly, 2 Apr. 2020, www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-250-30899-3/.

If you’re documenting an entire website or web project, provide a date range in your works-cited-list entry when the website provides one:

Centre for Editing Lives and Letters. U College London, 2003-14, www.livesandletters.ac.uk/.

If the website provides more than one date, provide the date that is most useful.

Piers Plowman Electronic Archive. Edited by Robert Adams et al., Society for Early English and Norse Electronic Texts, 8 Mar. 2018, piers.chass.ncsu.edu/.

The MLA Handbook encourages writers to list the URL that they see in their browsers unless the source identifies a DOI or permalink associated with it.

The MLA Handbook advises writers to truncate a URL in one specific way (by omitting the protocol and //).

If you need to shorten it further, retain the host, which will allow readers to evaluate the site and search for the source.

When a source has no page numbers or any other kind of part number, no number should be given in a parenthetical citation

“As we read we . . . construct the terrain of a book” (Hollmichel), something that is more difficult when the text reflows on a screen.