如何用MLA引用报纸文章

Works Cited，印刷报纸：

Victor, D. "标题写在这里." 报纸名称, 16 Mar. 2017, p. A1.

Works Cited，在线报纸：

Victor, D. "标题写在这里." 报纸名称, 16 Mar. 2017, www.example.com/story.

Works Cited，数据库报纸：

Victor, D. "标题写在这里." 报纸名称, 16 Mar. 2017, p. A1. 数据库名称, permalink.example.com/stable/xxxxx.

Works Cited，印刷杂志：

Deresiewicz, W. "文章标题." 杂志名称, 28 Dec. 2014, pp. 40-45.

Works Cited，在线杂志：

Deresiewicz, W. "文章标题." 杂志名称, 28 Dec. 2014, www.example.com/article.

Works Cited，无署名：

"标题写在这里." 报纸名称, 16 Mar. 2017, p. A1.

括号引用：

(Victor)

叙述性引用：

Daniel Victor 报道，少了一个连续逗号就足以裁定缅因州加班案。

括号引用，无署名：

("Why")

The concept of containers is crucial to MLA style. When the source being documented forms part of a larger whole, the larger whole can be thought of as a container that holds the source.

[t]itles are given in the entry in full exactly as they are found in the source

the location, in order of preference, is the DOI, permalink, or URL.

In-text citations are brief, unobtrusive references that direct readers to the works-cited-list entries for the sources you consulted and, where relevant, to the location in the source being cited.

在线报纸（Victor）：

Victor, Daniel. “Lack of Oxford Comma Could Cost Maine Company Millions in Overtime Dispute.” The New York Times, 16 Mar. 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/03/16/us/oxford-comma-lawsuit.html.

在线报纸，保留 The（Pfanner，官方字符串）：

Pfanner, Eric. “The Rise of the Quants in Political Prognostication.” The New York Times, 8 Nov. 2012, rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/the-rise-of-the-quants-in-political-prognostication/.

同一 Pfanner 事实，2026年打开的 leftover 存档主机：

Pfanner, Eric. “The Rise of the Quants in Political Prognostication.” The New York Times, 8 Nov. 2012, archive.nytimes.com/rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/the-rise-of-the-quants-in-political-prognostication/.

带具名版面的印刷报纸（Soloski）：

Soloski, Alexis. “The Time Has Come to Play Othello.” The New York Times, 20 Nov. 2016, Arts and Leisure sec., p. 5.

无署名，杂志/报纸混合（Economist）：

“Why Big Tech Should Fear Europe.” The Economist, 23 Mar. 2019, www.economist.com/leaders/2019/03/23/why-big-tech-should-fear-europe.

News agencies distribute stories from a vast pool of journalists. The name of an agency is not a meaningful indicator of authorship. Moreover, local news editors may change stories that they receive from agencies, further muddying the authorship. If an article is credited only to a news agency, treat the article as anonymous and begin the entry with the article’s title.

You should provide the publication facts of the version of the work you consulted and do not need to detail the work’s publication history.

方括号含城市的 Purdue 地方报（Behre）：

Behre, Robert. "Presidential Hopefuls Get Final Crack at Core of S.C. Democrats." Post and Courier [Charleston, SC], 29 Apr. 2007, p. A11.

方括号含城市的 Purdue 校园报（Trembacki）：

Trembacki, Paul. "Brees Hopes to Win Heisman for Team." Purdue Exponent [West Lafayette, IN], 5 Dec. 2000, p. 20.

Purdue 印刷报纸，leftover-Purdue-drops-The（Krugman）：

Krugman, Andrew. "Fear of Eating." New York Times, late ed., 21 May 2007, p. A1.

同一 Krugman 事实，为第9版论文还原 The：

Krugman, Andrew. "Fear of Eating." The New York Times, late ed., 21 May 2007, p. A1.

If an edition is named on the newspaper’s masthead, include it as the version in your entry.

If you need to specify the section of a newspaper, include it as part of the location element according to the MLA format template:

If you are citing an article found in a library database (or other type of database), and the article does not include a DOI, you can give a permalink or, in the absence of a permalink, a URL, even if the permalink or URL leads to gated content.

http:// and https:// can usually be omitted in permalinks and URLs (5.96).

The MLA Handbook encourages writers to list the URL that they see in their browsers unless the source identifies a DOI or permalink associated with it.

Thus when you cite the HTML version of a print article from a database, provide the original publication information that the database supplies—including the page range, if given—in the first container of your works-cited-list entry. Then list the name of the database and the URL in the second container.

Including an access date for an online work may be especially useful if the work lacks a publication date or if you suspect that the work may be altered or removed, which is more common with informal or self-published works.

官方访问日期示例（Pamuk），leftover-eighth-edition 访问日期帖：

“Orhan Pamuk: Un écrivain turc à succès.” Orhan Pamuk Site, İletişm Publishing, orhanpamuk.net/book.aspx?id=10&lng=eng. Accessed 25 Oct. 2015.

For more information about including an access date, see 5.111 of the ninth edition of the handbook.

官方 Frycek Academic OneFile 字符串，leftover sid 空格：

Frycek, James G., et al. “Aerobic Bioremediation: Progresses to the Next Level.” Pollution Engineering, vol. 36, no. 6, June 2004, pp. 16+. Academic OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A118494258/AONE?u=nysl_li_jhsch&sid= AONE&xid=a5cefcec.

同一 Frycek 事实，闭合 leftover sid 空格：

Frycek, James G., et al. “Aerobic Bioremediation: Progresses to the Next Level.” Pollution Engineering, vol. 36, no. 6, June 2004, pp. 16+. Academic OneFile, link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A118494258/AONE?u=nysl_li_jhsch&sid=AONE&xid=a5cefcec.

“Aiding Defectives.” Vermont Eugenics: A Documentary History, www.uvm.edu/~eugenics/primarydocs/onbfpst032031.xml. Originally published in The Burlington Free Press, 20 Mar. 1931.

The primary goal of documentation is not to ensure perpetual access to a source but to verify the publication facts of the version you consulted.

官方失效网址（Bluestone）：

Bluestone, Gabrielle. “Three Jailed in Myanmar for Posting Image of a Buddha Wearing Headphones.” Gawker, 19 Mar. 2015, gawker.com/three-jailed-in-myanmar-for-posting-image-of-a-buddha-w-1692317287.

同一报道的官方 Wayback 恢复：

Bluestone, Gabrielle. “Three Jailed in Myanmar for Posting Image of a Buddha Wearing Headphones.” Gawker, 19 Mar. 2015. Wayback Machine, web.archive.org/web/20150319101001/http://gawker.com/three-jailed-in-myanmar-for-posting-image-of-a-buddha-w-1692317287.

有署名的编辑部，leftover Tribune www 空格：

Editorial Board. “How to Tell Truth from Fiction in the Age of Fake News.” Chicago Tribune, 21 Nov. 2016, www.chicagotribune.com/ news/opinion/editorials/ct-fake-news-facebook-edit-1120-md-20161118-story.html.

同一官方事实，闭合 leftover Tribune 空格（2026年仍是 404）：

Editorial Board. “How to Tell Truth from Fiction in the Age of Fake News.” Chicago Tribune, 21 Nov. 2016, www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/editorials/ct-fake-news-facebook-edit-1120-md-20161118-story.html.

同一社论，2026年10月14日打开的现行 Tribune 网址：

Editorial Board. “How to Tell Truth from Fiction in the Age of Fake News.” Chicago Tribune, 21 Nov. 2016, www.chicagotribune.com/2016/11/21/how-to-tell-truth-from-fiction-in-the-age-of-fake-news/.

未署名社论，含版次：

“It’s Subpoena Time.” The New York Times, late ed., 8 June 2007, p. A28. Editorial.

专栏评论：

Gergen, David. “A Question of Values.” US News and World Report, 11 Feb. 2001, p. 72. Op-ed.

用作标题的未署名书评：

Review of Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray. The World, 17 July 1890, p. 5.

杂志专栏名，可选栏：

Kuperberg, Ethan. “Nuclear Mindfulness.” Shouts and Murmurs. The New Yorker, 9 Oct. 2017, p. 31.

用作作品标题的专栏名（Schulman）：

Schulman, Erin. Study Tips of the Week. Barrington High School Newspaper, 12 Sept. 2017, p. 5.

在线杂志文章（Deresiewicz），leftover 01 空格：

Deresiewicz, William. “The Death of the Artist—and the Birth of the Creative Entrepreneur.” The Atlantic, 28 Dec. 2014, theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/ the-death-of-the-artist-and-the-birth-of-thecreative-entrepreneur/383497/.

同一官方事实，闭合 leftover 01 空格：

Deresiewicz, William. “The Death of the Artist—and the Birth of the Creative Entrepreneur.” The Atlantic, 28 Dec. 2014, theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/the-death-of-the-artist-and-the-birth-of-thecreative-entrepreneur/383497/.

印刷杂志中的无题图像（Karasik）：

Karasik, Paul. Cartoon. The New Yorker, 14 Apr. 2008, p. 49.

An in-text citation begins with the shortest piece of information that directs your reader to the entry in the works-cited list. Thus, it begins with whatever comes first in the entry: the author’s name or the title (or description) of the work.

叙述性引用，具名记者：

Daniel Victor 描述了一桩因缺少连续逗号而裁定的缅因州加班案。

括号引用：

(Victor)

无署名，行文中的题名加括号中的短题：

据 The Economist，要看清行业走向，请看布鲁塞尔和柏林 ("Why").

单页印刷报道：

If a work is only one page, as in the example below, you should not include a page number in your in-text citation.

用作文内键的官方单页书评：

(Review)