如何用 MLA 格式引用报纸文章

Works Cited，印刷报纸：

Victor, D. "标题写在这里。" 报名, 16 Mar. 2017, p. A1.

Works Cited，在线报纸：

Victor, D. "标题写在这里。" 报名, 16 Mar. 2017, www.example.com/story.

Works Cited，数据库报纸：

Victor, D. "标题写在这里。" 报名, 16 Mar. 2017, p. A1. 数据库名, permalink.example.com/stable/xxxxx.

Works Cited，印刷杂志：

Deresiewicz, W. "文章标题。" 杂志名, 28 Dec. 2014, pp. 40-45.

Works Cited，在线杂志：

Deresiewicz, W. "文章标题。" 杂志名, 28 Dec. 2014, www.example.com/article.

Works Cited，无署名：

"标题写在这里。" 报名, 16 Mar. 2017, p. A1.

括号引用：

(Victor)

叙述性引用：

Daniel Victor 报道称，少了一个系列逗号就足以裁定缅因州的加班案。

括号引用，无署名：

("Why")

The concept of containers is crucial to MLA style. When the source being documented forms part of a larger whole, the larger whole can be thought of as a container that holds the source.

[t]itles are given in the entry in full exactly as they are found in the source

the location, in order of preference, is the DOI, permalink, or URL.

In-text citations are brief, unobtrusive references that direct readers to the works-cited-list entries for the sources you consulted and, where relevant, to the location in the source being cited.

在线报纸（Victor）：

Victor, Daniel. “Lack of Oxford Comma Could Cost Maine Company Millions in Overtime Dispute.” The New York Times, 16 Mar. 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/03/16/us/oxford-comma-lawsuit.html.

在线报纸，保留 The（Pfanner）：

Pfanner, Eric. “The Rise of the Quants in Political Prognostication.” The New York Times, 8 Nov. 2012, rendezvous.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/the-rise-of-the-quants-in-political-prognostication/.

带具名版面的印刷报纸（Soloski）：

Soloski, Alexis. “The Time Has Come to Play Othello.” The New York Times, 20 Nov. 2016, Arts and Leisure sec., p. 5.

无署名，杂志与报纸的混合形态（Economist）：

“Why Big Tech Should Fear Europe.” The Economist, 23 Mar. 2019, www.economist.com/leaders/2019/03/23/why-big-tech-should-fear-europe.

News agencies distribute stories from a vast pool of journalists. The name of an agency is not a meaningful indicator of authorship. Moreover, local news editors may change stories that they receive from agencies, further muddying the authorship. If an article is credited only to a news agency, treat the article as anonymous and begin the entry with the article’s title.

You should provide the publication facts of the version of the work you consulted and do not need to detail the work’s publication history.

If an edition is named on the newspaper’s masthead, include it as the version in your entry.

If you need to specify the section of a newspaper, include it as part of the location element according to the MLA format template:

If you are citing an article found in a library database (or other type of database), and the article does not include a DOI, you can give a permalink or, in the absence of a permalink, a URL, even if the permalink or URL leads to gated content.

http:// and https:// can usually be omitted in permalinks and URLs (5.96).

The MLA Handbook encourages writers to list the URL that they see in their browsers unless the source identifies a DOI or permalink associated with it.

Thus when you cite the HTML version of a print article from a database, provide the original publication information that the database supplies—including the page range, if given—in the first container of your works-cited-list entry. Then list the name of the database and the URL in the second container.

Including an access date for an online work may be especially useful if the work lacks a publication date or if you suspect that the work may be altered or removed, which is more common with informal or self-published works.

官方访问日期示例（Pamuk）：

“Orhan Pamuk: Un écrivain turc à succès.” Orhan Pamuk Site, İletişm Publishing, orhanpamuk.net/book.aspx?id=10&lng=eng. Accessed 25 Oct. 2015.

“Aiding Defectives.” Vermont Eugenics: A Documentary History, www.uvm.edu/~eugenics/primarydocs/onbfpst032031.xml. Originally published in The Burlington Free Press, 20 Mar. 1931.

有署名的编辑部：

Editorial Board. “How to Tell Truth from Fiction in the Age of Fake News.” Chicago Tribune, 21 Nov. 2016, www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/editorials/ct-fake-news-facebook-edit-1120-md-20161118-story.html.

无署名社论，带版次：

“It’s Subpoena Time.” The New York Times, late ed., 8 June 2007, p. A28. Editorial.

专栏评论：

Gergen, David. “A Question of Values.” US News and World Report, 11 Feb. 2001, p. 72. Op-ed.

把无署名书评当作标题：

Review of Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray. The World, 17 July 1890, p. 5.

杂志专栏名，可选栏：

Kuperberg, Ethan. “Nuclear Mindfulness.” Shouts and Murmurs. The New Yorker, 9 Oct. 2017, p. 31.

把专栏名当作作品标题（Schulman）：

Schulman, Erin. Study Tips of the Week. Barrington High School Newspaper, 12 Sept. 2017, p. 5.

在线杂志文章（Deresiewicz）：

Deresiewicz, William. “The Death of the Artist—and the Birth of the Creative Entrepreneur.” The Atlantic, 28 Dec. 2014, theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/the-death-of-the-artist-and-the-birth-of-thecreative-entrepreneur/383497/.

印刷杂志中的无题图像（Karasik）：

Karasik, Paul. Cartoon. The New Yorker, 14 Apr. 2008, p. 49.

An in-text citation begins with the shortest piece of information that directs your reader to the entry in the works-cited list. Thus, it begins with whatever comes first in the entry: the author’s name or the title (or description) of the work.

叙述性引用，点名记者：

Daniel Victor 描述了一桩由缺失系列逗号决定胜负的缅因州加班案。

括号引用：

(Victor)

无署名，正文用刊名，括号用短标题：

据 The Economist 所述，要看这个行业的走向，就看布鲁塞尔和柏林 ("Why").

只有一页的印刷报道：

If a work is only one page, as in the example below, you should not include a page number in your in-text citation.

用作文内检索词的官方一页书评：

(Review)