IEEE与APA：工程与心理学该用哪种引用样式？

IEEE正文（V 3.28.2025，I.A）：

as demonstrated in [2]; according to [4] and [6], [7], [8], [9].

IEEE连续来源（2025范围规则）：

Write [1], [2], [3], [4] — not [1]–[4].

IEEE随后再次使用：

同一来源保持同一编号：再次用 [2]，而不是新编号。

APA 7括号式（§8.11）：

(Chiampi & Zilberti, 2011)

APA 7叙述式（§8.11）：

Chiampi and Zilberti (2011)

IEEE Reference Style Guide V 3.28.2025，I.A

References need not be cited in the text. When they are, they appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation.

IEEE V 3.28.2025范围规则（I.A）

Reference ranges in text will not include an en dash. All references will be written out. For example, “[1]–[4]” will now be “[1], [2], [3], [4]”.

IEEE V 3.28.2025，II（后缀标点）

Do not use commas around Jr., Sr., and III in names: Michael Smith Jr.; Ray Barnett Sr.; Lucas Molignaro III.

APA Style，基本原则

APA Style uses the author–date citation system, in which a brief in-text citation directs readers to a full reference list entry.

IEEE正文：

Chiampi and Zilberti [1]计算感应场；随后的注释继续用[1]。

IEEE参考文献（官方V 3.28.2025带DOI的期刊示例）：

[1] M. M. Chiampi and L. L. Zilberti, "Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2787–2793, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315.

APA 7正文：

Chiampi and Zilberti (2011)计算感应场 (Chiampi & Zilberti, 2011, pp. 2787–2788)。

APA 7参考文献（同一论文，APA §10.1）：

Chiampi, M. M., & Zilberti, L. L. (2011). Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 58(10), 2787–2793. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315

作名词或类似脚注的标记：

According to [1]; as demonstrated in [2]; as shown by Brown [4], [5]; as mentioned earlier [2], [4], [5], [6], [7], [9]; Smith [4] and Brown and Jones [5]; Wood et al. [7]

句中有三个或更多姓名时：

Use “et al.” when three or more names are given for a reference cited in the text.

括号式：

(Grady et al., 2019)

叙述式：

Grady et al. (2019)

两位作者，括号式对照叙述式：

(Chiampi & Zilberti, 2011) / Chiampi and Zilberti (2011)

现行Style Center配对（Grady与Pope & Wall, 2025）：

(Grady et al., 2019; Pope & Wall, 2025)

APA Style，基本原则：

Each work cited must appear in the reference list, and each work in the reference list must be cited in the text (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix).

IEEE publications must list names of all authors, up to six names. If there are more than six names listed, use the primary author’s name followed by “et al.”

Do not combine references. There must be only one reference with each number.

Do not use commas around Jr., Sr., and III in names: Michael Smith Jr.; Ray Barnett Sr.; Lucas Molignaro III.

带DOI的IEEE Transactions：

[1] M. M. Chiampi and L. L. Zilberti, "Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2787–2793, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315.

Proceedings of the IEEE（月份为May，无句点）：

[2] W. Rafferty, "Ground antennas in NASA’s deep space telecommunications," Proc. IEEE, vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 636-640, May 1994.

early access（使用Date of Publication，保留DOI）：

[3] F. Vatta, A. Soranzo, and F. Babich, "More accurate analysis of sum-product decoding of LDPC codes using a Gaussian approximation," IEEE Commun. Lett., early access, Dec. 11, 2018, doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2886261.

APA §10.1（Grady et al., 2019）：

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

现行APA Style Center配对（Pope & Wall, 2025）：

Pope, J. P., & Wall, H. (2025). Is the goal intrinsic or extrinsic? Examining self-determination theory researchers’ and the general publics’ perceptions of exercise goals. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 57(3), 239–248. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000411

Common Reference Examples Guide（Niepel et al., 2025）：

Niepel, C., Hausen, J. E., Weber, A. M., & Möller, J. (2025). Understanding mean-level and intraindividual variability in state academic self-concept: The role of students’ trait expectancies and values. Journal of Educational Psychology, 117(5), 772–788. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000946

同一篇Chiampi论文的APA 7写法：

Chiampi, M. M., & Zilberti, L. L. (2011). Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 58(10), 2787–2793. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315

已出版论文集：

[3] A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, "Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE," in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Jul. 2006, pp. 4301–4304.

带DOI的论文集：

[4] G. Veruggio, "The EURON roboethics roadmap," in Proc. Humanoids ’06: 6th IEEE-RAS Int. Conf. Humanoid Robots, 2006, pp. 612–617, doi: 10.1109/ICHR.2006.321337.

作为书中一章出版的论文集：

Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., & Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, & P. Pardalos (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21

作为期刊文章出版的论文集：

Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116

官方IEEE图书示例（V 3.28.2025，II.B）：

[5] B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1986.

官方APA 7图书示例（Style Center，§10.2）：

Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

官方IEEE Ph.D.（V 3.28.2025，II.Q）：

[12] J. O. Williams, "Narrow-band analyzer," Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Eng., Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA, 1993.

官方IEEE M.S.（V 3.28.2025，II.Q）：

[13] N. Kawasaki, "Parametric study of thermal and chemical nonequilibrium nozzle flow," M.S. thesis, Dept. Electron. Eng., Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan, 1993.

官方APA 7 ProQuest样本（Common Reference Examples，2026年3月3日，§10.6）：

Horvath-Plyman, M. (2018). Social media and the college student journey: An examination of how social media use impacts social capital and affects college choice, access, and transition (Publication No. 10937367) [Doctoral dissertation, New York University]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.

官方IEEE数据集，带DOI（V 3.28.2025，II.E）：

[14] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Aug. 2013, "Treatment Episode Dataset: Discharges (TEDS-D): Concatenated, 2006 to 2009," U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Office of Applied Studies, doi: 10.3886/ICPSR30122.v2.

官方APA 7数据集（Style Center，§10.9）：

O’Donohue, W. (2017). Content analysis of undergraduate psychology textbooks (ICPSR 36966; Version V1) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR36966.v1

标准（V 3.28.2025，II.P）：

[6] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.

专利（保留该月的日期；使用颁发日期）：

[7] J. P. Wilkinson, "Nonlinear resonant circuit devices," U.S. Patent 3 624 125, Jul. 16, 1990.

软件（官方Ngspice示例，II.O）：

[8] D. W. Arning et al. Mixed Mode–Mixed Level Circuit Simulator. (2011). Ngspice. Accessed: Jan. 11, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://ngspice.sourceforge.net

博客（官方Weissberger 2024示例，II.A）：

[15] A. Weissberger, "FCC approves EchoStar/Dish request to extend timeline for its 5G buildout," IEEE ComSoc Technol. Blog, Sep. 23, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://techblog.comsoc.org/2024/09/23/fcc-approves-echostar-dish-request-to-extend-timeline-for-its-5g-buildout/

模板——不是编造的专利：

Inventor, A. A. (Year issued). Title of patent (U.S. Patent No. X,XXX,XXX). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://url-of-the-patent

网站：

[9] J. Smith. "Obama inaugurated as President." CNN.com. Accessed: Feb. 1, 2009. [Online.] Available: http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

无日期（官方数据手册形式）：

[10] BAR50 Series Infineon PIN Diode Datasheet. (n.d.). [Online]. Available: http://www.infineon.com

early access说明（II.M）：

Once an article is in the form of advanced online access at the publisher, cite this version, and not the arXiv version.

官方arXiv示例（II.S；注意Jr.不加逗号）：

[11] S. Urazhdin, N. O. Birge, W. P. Pratt Jr., and J. Bass, "Current-driven magnetic excitations in permalloy-based multilayer nanopillars," 2003, arXiv:0303149.