IEEE与APA：工程与技术该用哪种引用样式？

IEEE正文（V 3.28.2025，I.A）：

as demonstrated in [2]; according to [4] and [6], [7], [8], [9].

IEEE连续来源（2025范围规则）：

写成 [1], [2], [3], [4] — 不要写成 [1]–[4]。

IEEE随后再次使用：

同一来源保持同一编号：再次用 [2]，而不是新编号。

APA 7括号式（§8.11）：

(Chiampi & Zilberti, 2011)

APA 7叙述式（§8.11）：

Chiampi and Zilberti (2011)

IEEE Reference Style Guide V 3.28.2025，I.A

References need not be cited in the text. When they are, they appear on the line, in square brackets, inside the punctuation.

IEEE V 3.28.2025范围规则（I.A）

Reference ranges in text will not include an en dash. All references will be written out. For example, “[1]–[4]” will now be “[1], [2], [3], [4]”.

APA Style

APA Style uses the author–date citation system, in which a brief in-text citation directs readers to a full reference list entry.

IEEE正文：

Chiampi and Zilberti [1] 计算感应场；随后的注释再次使用 [1]。

IEEE参考文献（官方V 3.28.2025带DOI的期刊示例）：

[1] M. M. Chiampi and L. L. Zilberti, "Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2787–2793, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315.

APA 7正文：

Chiampi and Zilberti (2011) 计算感应场 (Chiampi & Zilberti, 2011, pp. 2787–2788)。

APA 7参考文献（同一论文，APA §10.1）：

Chiampi, M. M., & Zilberti, L. L. (2011). Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 58(10), 2787–2793. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315

作名词或类似脚注的标记：

According to [1]; as demonstrated in [2]; as shown by Brown [4], [5]; as mentioned earlier [2], [4], [5], [6], [7], [9]; Smith [4] and Brown and Jones [5]; Wood et al. [7]

句中有三个或更多姓名时：

Use “et al.” when three or more names are given for a reference cited in the text.

括号式：

(Grady et al., 2019)

叙述式：

Grady et al. (2019)

两位作者，括号式对照叙述式：

(Chiampi & Zilberti, 2011) / Chiampi and Zilberti (2011)

APA Style，基本原则：

Each work cited must appear in the reference list, and each work in the reference list must be cited in the text (or in a table, figure, footnote, or appendix).

IEEE publications must list names of all authors, up to six names. If there are more than six names listed, use the primary author’s name followed by “et al.”

Do not combine references. There must be only one reference with each number.

带DOI的IEEE Transactions：

[1] M. M. Chiampi and L. L. Zilberti, "Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure," IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2787–2793, Oct. 2011, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315.

Proceedings of the IEEE（月份为May，无句点）：

[2] W. Rafferty, "Ground antennas in NASA’s deep space telecommunications," Proc. IEEE, vol. 82, no. 5, pp. 636-640, May 1994.

early access（使用Date of Publication，保留DOI）：

[3] F. Vatta, A. Soranzo, and F. Babich, "More accurate analysis of sum-product decoding of LDPC codes using a Gaussian approximation," IEEE Commun. Lett., early access, Dec. 11, 2018, doi: 10.1109/LCOMM.2018.2886261.

APA §10.1（Grady et al., 2019）：

Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185

同一篇Chiampi论文的APA 7写法：

Chiampi, M. M., & Zilberti, L. L. (2011). Induction of electric field in human bodies moving near MRI: An efficient BEM computational procedure. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 58(10), 2787–2793. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2011.2158315

已出版论文集：

[3] A. Amador-Perez and R. A. Rodriguez-Solis, "Analysis of a CPW-fed annular slot ring antenna using DOE," in Proc. IEEE Antennas Propag. Soc. Int. Symp., Jul. 2006, pp. 4301–4304.

带DOI的论文集：

[4] G. Veruggio, "The EURON roboethics roadmap," in Proc. Humanoids ’06: 6th IEEE-RAS Int. Conf. Humanoid Robots, 2006, pp. 612–617, doi: 10.1109/ICHR.2006.321337.

作为书中一章出版的论文集：

Bedenel, A.-L., Jourdan, L., & Biernacki, C. (2019). Probability estimation by an adapted genetic algorithm in web insurance. In R. Battiti, M. Brunato, I. Kotsireas, & P. Pardalos (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science: Vol. 11353. Learning and intelligent optimization (pp. 225–240). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05348-2_21

作为期刊文章出版的论文集：

Duckworth, A. L., Quirk, A., Gallop, R., Hoyle, R. H., Kelly, D. R., & Matthews, M. D. (2019). Cognitive and noncognitive predictors of success. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 116(47), 23499–23504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1910510116

官方IEEE图书示例（V 3.28.2025，II.B）：

[5] B. Klaus and P. Horn, Robot Vision. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 1986.

官方APA 7图书示例（Style Center，§10.2）：

Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000

标准（V 3.28.2025，II.P）：

[6] IEEE Criteria for Class IE Electric Systems, IEEE Standard 308, 1969.

专利（保留该月的日期；使用颁发日期）：

[7] J. P. Wilkinson, "Nonlinear resonant circuit devices," U.S. Patent 3 624 125, Jul. 16, 1990.

软件（官方Ngspice示例，II.O）：

[8] D. W. Arning et al. Mixed Mode–Mixed Level Circuit Simulator. (2011). Ngspice. Accessed: Jan. 11, 2019. [Online]. Available: http://ngspice.sourceforge.net

模板——不是编造的专利：

Inventor, A. A. (Year issued). Title of patent (U.S. Patent No. X,XXX,XXX). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. https://url-of-the-patent

网站：

[9] J. Smith. "Obama inaugurated as President." CNN.com. Accessed: Feb. 1, 2009. [Online.] Available: http://www.cnn.com/POLITICS/01/21/obama_inaugurated/index.html

无日期（官方数据手册形式）：

[10] BAR50 Series Infineon PIN Diode Datasheet. (n.d.). [Online]. Available: http://www.infineon.com

[11] S. Urazhdin, N. O. Birge, W. P. Pratt Jr., and J. Bass, "Current-driven magnetic excitations in permalloy-based multilayer nanopillars," 2003, arXiv:0303149.