実験マニュアルの引用方法

APA 7、公刊されたマニュアル:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of lab manual (Xth ed.). Publisher.

APA 7、学部のマニュアル:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of lab manual [Unpublished lab manual]. Department Name, University Name.

APA 7 本文中:

(Author, Year, p. X) or (Author, Year, Experiment X)

MLA 9、公刊されたマニュアル:

Author, First Name, and First Name Author. Title of Lab Manual. Xth ed., Publisher, Year.

MLA 9、学部のマニュアル:

Author, First Name. Title of Lab Manual. Department Name, University Name, Year.

MLA 9 本文中:

(Author X)

Chicago 18 注、公刊されたマニュアル:

1. First Name Author and First Name Author, Title of Lab Manual, Xth ed. (Publisher, Year), X.

Chicago 18 注、学部のマニュアル:

2. First Name Author, "Title of Lab Manual" (unpublished lab manual, Department Name, University Name, Year), X.

Chicago 18 author-date 本文中:

(Author Year, X)

Works that cannot be recovered by readers are cited in the text as personal communications. Personal communications include emails, text messages, online chats or direct messages, personal interviews, telephone conversations, live speeches, nonarchived social media livestreams (e.g., Instagram Live, Twitter Spaces), unrecorded webinars, unrecorded classroom lectures, memos, letters, messages from nonarchived discussion groups or online bulletin boards, and so on.

Use a personal communication citation only when a recoverable source is not available. For example, if you learned about a topic via a classroom lecture, it would be preferable to cite the research on which the instructor based the lecture. However, if the lecture contained original content not published elsewhere, cite the lecture as a personal communication.

If the slides come from a classroom website, learning management system (e.g., Canvas, Blackboard, Moodle, Sakai), or company intranet and you are writing for an audience with access to that resource, provide the name of the site and its URL (use the login page URL for sites requiring login).

If the audience for which are you writing does not have access to the slides, cite them as a personal communication.

参考文献:

Beran, J. A., & Lassiter, M. (2022). Laboratory manual for principles of general chemistry (11th ed.). Wiley.

括弧内:

(Beran & Lassiter, 2022)

叙述:

Beran and Lassiter (2022)

括弧内、Wiley目次のセクション名:

(Beran & Lassiter, 2022, Laboratory Safety and Guidelines section)

Mack, R., & Spake, G. (2018). Citing open source images and formatting references for presentations [PowerPoint slides]. Canvas@FNU. https://fnu.onelogin.com/login

括弧内（公式）:

(Mack & Spake, 2018)

叙述（公式）:

Mack and Spake (2018)

テンプレート、担当教員が著者（実在の授業ではありません）:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of lab manual [Unpublished lab manual]. Department Name, University Name.

テンプレート、学部が著者（実在の授業ではありません）:

Department of Chemistry. (Year). Title of lab manual [Unpublished lab manual]. University Name.

テンプレート、LMSに掲載（実在のログインURLではありません）:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of lab manual [Lab manual]. Canvas@University. https://login-page-url

テンプレート、所在表示としての実験:

(Author, Year, Experiment 3)

テンプレート、パックのためだけに書かれた実験:

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of experiment. In Title of course pack (pp. XX–XX). Department Name, University Name.

パックが公刊されたマニュアルを再録している場合:

Beran and Lassiter (2022)、または許諾行が名指す公刊マニュアルを引用してください。パックではありません。

Cite specific parts of a source—for example, page ranges, tables, or figures—in the text in APA Style by adding information about the part to a standard in-text citation and writing a standard reference list entry.

Do not cite a specific part of a source in the reference list. Instead, cite the work that readers would retrieve to find the part.

There are many other possibilities—customize the wording to the work you are citing.

公式のページ例:

(Stoddard et al., 2020, p. 47)

公式の章の例:

(Merenda, 2018, Chapter 14)

公刊マニュアル、Wileyのセクションタイトル:

(Beran & Lassiter, 2022, Laboratory Safety and Guidelines section)

テンプレート、実験番号、ページ番号なし:

(Author, Year, Experiment 3)

If the author of a work—such as a syllabus, handout, or slide—is known, begin your works-cited-list entry with the name of the author. But be careful not to assume that the instructor is the author; you should only list the instructor in the Author element if you know that they created the materials. If the instructor is not the author, you may give the instructor’s name in the Contributor element. If the author is unknown, list the work by its title.

Titles of handouts are capitalized like other titles, and they are styled in italics if they are stand-alone works. If a handout is part of a collection, enclose the title in quotation marks and do not italicize it. If the handout does not have a title, provide a description in place of a title, following the style for untitled works: capitalize the description sentence-style—that is, capitalizing only the first letter of the first word and any proper nouns—and do not italicize it or enclose it in quotation marks.

If a digital platform merely links to an outside source, such as an e-book, the platform is considered a passive conduit and should not be cited as a container.

著作引用:

Beran, J. A., and Mark Lassiter. Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry. 11th ed., Wiley, 2022.

本文中:

(Beran and Lassiter)

本文中、コピーにページがある場合:

(Beran and Lassiter 12)

Carson, Sandy. Introduction to Digital Humanities. Blackboard, uploaded by Carson, 20 Oct. 2019, blackboard.ucla.edu/. PowerPoint presentation.

テンプレート、担当教員が著者（実在の授業ではありません）:

Author, First Name. Title of Lab Manual. Department Name, University Name, Year.

テンプレート、著者名なし:

Title of Lab Manual. Department Name, University Name, Year.

本文中、著者名なし:

(Shortened Title 12)

テンプレート、Canvasに掲載（実在の授業URLではありません）:

Author, First Name. Title of Lab Manual. Canvas, uploaded by Author, Day Mon. Year, canvas.school.edu/. PDF download.

Jackson, Shirley. “The Lottery.” Course pack for English 285: American Short Story Writers, compiled by Anne Smith, Spring 2015, Iowa State U.

Jackson, Shirley. “The Lottery.” “The Lottery” and Other Stories, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005, pp. 291-302.

パックが Beran and Lassiter を再録している場合:

担当教員がパックをコンテナとして引用するよう指示しない限り、パックではなくWileyのマニュアルを引用してください。

Note that a place of publication is no longer required in book citations (see CMOS 14.30).

Titles of unpublished manuscripts, like the titles of other unpublished works, appear in quotation marks. Include the words unpublished manuscript and the date of the version consulted, if known; for electronic files, a last-saved or last-modified date may be appropriate. End the citation with an indication of format. (14.114)

Unpublished manuscripts that are unavailable for others to consult may be mentioned in the text or in a note but are not usually included in a bibliography or reference list.

1. Charles Yu, Interior Chinatown (Pantheon Books, 2020), 45.

Binder, Amy J., and Jeffrey L. Kidder. The Channels of Student Activism: How the Left and Right Are Winning (and Losing) in Campus Politics Today. University of Chicago Press, 2022.

完全注、公刊された実験マニュアル:

1. J. A. Beran and Mark Lassiter, Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry, 11th ed. (Wiley, 2022).

短縮注:

2. Beran and Lassiter, Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry.

書誌:

Beran, J. A., and Mark Lassiter. Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry. 11th ed. Wiley, 2022.

author-date 参考文献リスト:

Beran, J. A., and Mark Lassiter. 2022. Laboratory Manual for Principles of General Chemistry. 11th ed. Wiley.

author-date 本文中:

(Beran and Lassiter 2022)

完全注（実在の授業ではありません）:

1. First Name Author, "Title of Lab Manual" (unpublished lab manual, Department Name, University Name, Year), 21.

短縮注:

2. Author, "Shortened Title," 23.

書誌、読者がファイルを入手できる場合:

Author, First Name. "Title of Lab Manual." Unpublished lab manual, Department Name, University Name, Year.

author-date 参考文献リスト:

Author, First Name. Year. "Title of Lab Manual." Unpublished lab manual, Department Name, University Name.

author-date 本文中:

(Author Year, 21)

完全注、パックのためだけに書かれた実験:

1. First Name Author, "Title of Experiment," in Title of Course Pack (unpublished course pack, Department Name, University Name, Year), 23.

APA 7 参考文献:

Jones, A., Torkel, C., Stanley, D., Nasim, J., Borevitz, J., & Schwessinger, B. (2020). Scalable high-molecular weight DNA extraction for long-read sequencing. protocols.io. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bnjhmcj6

APA 7 本文中:

(Jones et al., 2020)

MLA 9 著作引用:

Jones, Ashley, et al. "Scalable High-Molecular Weight DNA Extraction for Long-Read Sequencing." protocols.io, 19 Oct. 2020, https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bnjhmcj6.

MLA 9 本文中:

(Jones et al.)

Chicago 18 注:

1. Ashley Jones et al., "Scalable High-Molecular Weight DNA Extraction for Long-Read Sequencing," protocols.io, October 19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bnjhmcj6.

Chicago 18 書誌:

Jones, Ashley, Cynthia Torkel, David Stanley, Jamila Nasim, Justin Borevitz, and Benjamin Schwessinger. "Scalable High-Molecular Weight DNA Extraction for Long-Read Sequencing." protocols.io, October 19, 2020. https://doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bnjhmcj6.

APA 7、公刊マニュアルとプロトコル:

安全手順は Beran and Lassiter (2022, Laboratory Safety and Guidelines section) に従った。高分子量DNAは Jones et al. (2020) に従って抽出し、任意のソルビトール洗浄は省略した。

APA 7、ラベル付き学部テンプレート:

試料はコースマニュアルの Experiment 3 に従って調製した (Author, Year)。

MLA 9:

安全手順は Beran and Lassiter に従った。高分子量DNAは Jones et al. に従って抽出し、任意のソルビトール洗浄は省略した。

Chicago 18（注）:

安全手順は公刊された実験マニュアルに従い、¹ 高分子量DNAは Jones et al. に従って抽出し、任意のソルビトール洗浄は省略した。²

Chicago 18（author-date）:

安全手順は Beran and Lassiter (2022) に従った。高分子量DNAは Jones et al. (2020) に従って抽出し、任意のソルビトール洗浄は省略した。