MLA形式で政府文書を引用する方法

件数が少なく、印刷どおりの名前（§5.20）:

印刷どおりの機関名. 文書のタイトル. 印刷どおりの出版者, Year.

専門家または多数の出典（§5.21）:

国, 機関, 下部組織. 文書のタイトル. 出版者, Day Mon. Year.

議会報告書、任意の番号付き（§5.118）:

United States, Congress, House, 委員会名. タイトル. Government Publishing Office, Year. #th Congress, #th session, House Report #.

オンライン文書:

国, 機関. 文書のタイトル. サイト名, 出版者, Day Mon. Year, URL.

機関が出版者のみの場合:

文書のタイトル. 印刷どおりの機関名, Year.

本文中、政府著者:

(United States, Congress, House, 委員会名 12)

本文中、タイトル先行の項目:

(短縮タイトル 12)

Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. For up-to-date guidance, see the ninth edition of the MLA Handbook.

Government publications emanate from many sources and so present special problems in citation. If you are working with many government sources, you may choose to standardize the names of government entities so that entries can be consolidated. But nonspecialists and writers working with very few government sources can usually treat them just like any other source written by an organization: record the name as presented by the source.

公式Handbook例、印刷どおりの名前:

U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014–2015. Skyhorse Publishing, 2014.

If the author of the document is not specified, is given in shorthand, or is otherwise unclear, or if you are writing in a specialist context, cite as the author the government agency that issued the document, listing the entities from largest to smallest—that is, state the name of the government first, followed by the name of the agency or agencies.

When standardizing entries, spell out the government name (United States) even if your source does not.

公式Handbook例、そろえた著者:

United States, Congress, House. Improving Broadband Access for Veterans Act of 2016. Congress.gov, www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/6394/text.

If you are citing two or more works by the same government or government entity, you have the option to consolidate the works by standardizing the government name and listing them under the government author, even when the author and publisher are the same. Organizing the works by author instead of title is particularly useful in specialized studies or long-form works like books and dissertations. Begin the entry with the name of the government, followed by a comma and the name of the agency. Between them, name any organizational units of which the agency is part (for example, the House of Representatives is part of Congress). All the names are arranged from the largest entity to the smallest.

Substitute three hyphens or three em dashes for any name repeated from the Author element in the previous entry (whichever mark you use, be consistent).

Cite a congressional document by following the MLA format template. Begin by listing the government entity as the author, followed by the title of the source. Then list the name of the publisher and the date:

United States, Congress, House, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Al-Qaeda: The Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat. Government Printing Office, 2006.

Following 2.1.3 of the MLA Handbook, you might include information about the congressional session from which the document emerged or specify the document’s type and number in the optional-element slot at the end of the entry:

United States, Congress, House, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Al-Qaeda: The Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat. Government Printing Office, 2006. 109th Congress, 2nd session, House Report 615.

To cite a congressional document found online, provide the information for the document in one container. Then provide the name of the website on which the document appears, along with the URL or DOI:

Students and scholars working outside the legal profession and using MLA style should follow the MLA format template to cite laws, public documents, court cases, and other related material. Familiarize yourself with the guidelines in the MLA Handbook, sections 5.17–22, for corporate authors and government authors.

Following one of the fundamental principles of MLA style, writers citing legal works should document the version of the work they consult—not the canonical version of the law, as in legal style.

Following the MLA Handbook, italicize the names of court cases (70):

When you cite laws, acts, and political documents, capitalize their names like titles and set them in roman font (69):

No. The rules for government agencies as described in the MLA Handbook (2.1.3) do not apply to the “Publisher” slot. List the publisher’s name (i.e., the government agency) as you see it in the source:

Australia’s Welfare, 2017. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2017.

If the government agency as it appears in the source has many component parts, you can truncate the name, keeping only the name of the government and the primary agency

公式Handbookの出版者例:

Durose, Matthew R., et al. Multistate Criminal History Patterns of Prisoners Released in Thirty States. U.S. Dept. of Justice, Sept. 2015, www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/mschpprts05.pdf.

判例、イタリック:

Marbury v. Madison

法律または条約、立体:

Law of the Sea Treaty

制定法、立体:

Civil Rights Act

編纂物、立体:

Code of Federal Regulations

In the names of court cases, use the abbreviation v. consistently, regardless of which abbreviation is used in the version of the work you are citing.

To determine the name of a court case, use only the name of the first party that appears on either side of “v.” or “vs.” in your source; if the name is a personal name, use only the surname.

To shorten the name of a court case in your prose after introducing it in full or in parenthetical references, use the name of the first-listed nongovernmental party. Thus, the case NLRB v. Yeshiva University becomes Yeshiva.

At the end of entries for legislative documents, you may want to provide the number and session of Congress, the chamber (Senate or House of Representatives), and the type and number of the publication. Types of congressional publications include bills, resolutions, reports, and documents.

公式Handbookの編纂カタログ:

Poore, Benjamin Perley, compiler. A Descriptive Catalogue of the Government Publications of the United States, September 5, 1774–March 4, 1881. Government Printing Office, 1885. 48th Congress, 2nd session, Miscellaneous Document 67.

印刷、コア要素:

United States, Congress, House, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Al-Qaeda: The Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat. Government Printing Office, 2006.

印刷、任意の番号を追加:

United States, Congress, House, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Al-Qaeda: The Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat. Government Printing Office, 2006. 109th Congress, 2nd session, House Report 615.

United States, Congress. Public Law 111-122. United States Statutes at Large, vol. 123, 2009, pp. 3480-82. U.S. Government Publishing Office, www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-123/pdf/STATUTE-123.pdf.

United States, Congress, House. Improving Broadband Access for Veterans Act of 2016. Congress.gov, www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/6394/text. 114th Congress, 2nd session, House Resolution 6394, passed 6 Dec. 2016.

下院Law Revision Counselサイト、法典全体:

United States, Congress, House. United States Code. Office of the Law Revision Counsel, 14 Jan. 2017, uscode.house.gov.

同じサイト、項目内の一節:

United States, Congress, House. United States Code. Title 17, section 304, Office of the Law Revision Counsel, 14 Jan. 2017, uscode.house.gov.

Cornell Law、サイトが示すタイトル:

United States Code. Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School, www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text.

GPO 2011年のtitle-17ページ:

Title 17. United States Code, U.S. Government Publishing Office, 2011, www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/USCODE-2011-title17/html/USCODE-2011-title17.htm.

United States, Congress, House, Committee on Education and Labor. The Future of Learning: How Technology Is Transforming Public Schools. U.S. Government Publishing Office, 16 June 2009, www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111hhrg50208/html/CHRG-111hhrg50208.htm. Text transcription of hearing.

機関が出版者、タイトル先行:

Australia’s Welfare, 2017. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2017.

印刷の政府報告書から取ったオンライン記事:

"Outbreak of West Nile-Like Viral Encephalitis — New York, 1999." MMWR Weekly, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 30 Sept. 1999, www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4838a1.htm.

Style Center公式の政府データ表:

"Table 311.80: Number and Percentage Distribution of Course Enrollments in Languages Other Than English at Degree-Granting Postsecondary Institutions, by Language and Enrollment Level: Selected Years, 2002 through 2013." Digest of Education Statistics, National Center for Education Statistics, 2015, nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d15/tables/dt15_311.80.asp.

Whenever you cite a work that has appeared in more than one version, you should cite the version you’ve consulted. Thus, if you are citing an online article republished from a printed government report, provide the publication details for the online version only.

United States, Executive Office of the President [Barack Obama]. Executive order 13717: Establishing a Federal Earthquake Risk Management Standard. 2 Feb. 2016. Federal Register, vol. 81, no. 24, 5 Feb. 2016, pp. 6405-10, www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-02-05/pdf/2016-02475.pdf.

NARAの文字起こし:

The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription. National Archives, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, 28 Feb. 2017, www.archives.gov/founding-docs/constitution-transcript.

名前のある印刷版:

The Constitution of the United States, with Case Summaries. Edited by Edward Conrad Smith, 9th ed., Barnes and Noble Books, 1972.

名前のある版の本文中:

(Constitution of the United States, with Case Summaries)

外国憲法、国を先に:

France. Le constitution. 4 Oct. 1958. Legifrance, www.legifrance.gouv.fr/Droit-francais/Constitution/Constitution-du-4-octobre-1958.

Style Center公式のスイス例:

Swiss Confederation. Bundesverfassung der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft. 18 Apr. 1999. Der Bundesrat, 1 Jan. 2016, www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19995395/index.html.

If you are citing several sections of a state’s set of laws, you could create a citation for the set of state laws in its entirety and then mention the chapter, section, or other identifying numbers in your text.

編纂法全体:

New York State Legislature. Consolidated Laws of New York. The New York State Senate, www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/CONSOLIDATED.

番号付きの一節:

New York State Legislature. Consolidated Laws of New York. Chapter 16, title 5, article 73, part 1, section 3601, New York State Senate, 27 Apr. 2018. The New York State Senate, www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/EDN/3601.

州上院法案:

Wisconsin State, Legislature. Senate Bill 5. Wisconsin State Legislature, 20 Jan. 2017, docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2017/related/proposals/sb5.

現行Style Centerの下院法案、Accessed 6 May 2026:

Tennessee House of Representatives. House Bill 2420. Tennessee General Assembly, capitol.tn.gov/Bills/114/Bill/HB2420.pdf. Accessed 6 May 2026.

国連決議:

United Nations, General Assembly. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Resolution 217 A, 10 Dec. 1948. United Nations, www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/. PDF download.

多国間条約、タイトル先行:

Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations, 1998, nfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf. Multilateral treaty.

Senateが印刷した二国間条約:

United States, Senate. Beijing Treaty on Audiovisual Performances. Congress.gov, www.congress.gov/114/cdoc/tdoc8/CDOC-114tdoc8.pdf. Treaty between the United States and the People’s Republic of China.

LIIのBrown:

United States, Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education. 17 May 1954. Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School, www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/347/483.

Library of CongressのBrown PDF:

United States, Supreme Court. Brown v. Board of Education. United States Reports, vol. 347, 17 May 1954, pp. 483-97. Library of Congress, tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/ll/usrep/usrep347/usrep347483/usrep347483.pdf.

署名付き反対意見、個人が著者:

Ginsburg, Ruth Bader. Dissenting opinion. Lilly Ledbetter v. Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. United States Reports, vol. 550, 29 May 2007, pp. 643-61. Supreme Court of the United States, www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/boundvolumes/550bv.pdf.

公式Handbook §6.6のJam:

United States, Supreme Court. Jam v. International Finance Corp. 27 Feb. 2019. Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School, www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/17-1011.

A writer using MLA style to document a legal work for a specialized readership that is likely to be familiar with the conventions of legal documentation may wish to adopt a hybrid method: in place of the author and title elements on the MLA format template, identify the work by using the Bluebook citation. Then, follow the MLA format template to list publication information for the version of the source you consulted.

United States Codeの節:

17 U.S.C. § 304. Office of Law Revision Counsel, 14 Jan. 2017, uscode.house.gov.

最高裁判例:

Brown v. Board of Education. 347 U.S. 483. Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School, www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/347/483.

If more than one entry appears in the works-cited list for different administrative units of the same organization or government author, in the parenthetical citation give only as much of the name as is needed to locate the entry.

A recent case held that "the immunity enjoyed by foreign governments is a general rather than specific reference" (United States, Supreme Court).

One delegation noted that "Chinese authorities clearly remain concerned about the possibility of a resurgence of social unrest in Tibet" (United States, Senate 2).

公式HandbookのSenate視察報告:

United States, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations. Tibet: Seeking Common Ground on the Rooftop of the World: A Trip Report from Staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Mar. 2011, www.foreign.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Tibet.pdf.

地の文、次いで括弧:

Permanent Select Committee on Intelligenceは、その脅威が単一の組織ではないと警告した (United States, Congress, House, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence).

括弧、ページ付き:

(United States, Congress, House, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 12)

Handbook §6.6、二つのUnited States項目:

(United States, Supreme Court)

Handbook §6.6、Senateのページ:

(United States, Senate 2)

タイトル先行の年鑑:

(Australia’s Welfare 24)

短い記事タイトル:

("Outbreak of West Nile-Like Viral Encephalitis")

名前のある憲法の版:

(Constitution of the United States, with Case Summaries)

地の文の判例名:

裁判所は、人種隔離された公立学校は不平等であると判示した (Brown v. Board of Education).

United States, Congress, House, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Al-Qaeda: The Many Faces of an Islamist Extremist Threat. Government Printing Office, 2006.

---, ---, ---, Committee on Education and Labor. The Future of Learning: How Technology Is Transforming Public Schools. U.S. Government Publishing Office, 16 June 2009.

---, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations. Tibet: Seeking Common Ground on the Rooftop of the World: A Trip Report from Staff of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. Mar. 2011.

It depends on whether a date of publication for the document is provided.