如何查找开放获取研究

1. 出版商开放副本：

若期刊已列入 DOAJ，或文章在出版商页面带有 Creative Commons 标识，就下载正式出版本并保留 DOI。

2. Unpaywall / oaDOI：

把 DOI 粘贴到 https://unpaywall.org/，或使用浏览器扩展。两者都出现时，优先 publishedVersion 而不是 acceptedVersion。

3. 学科或资助方仓储：

生物医学用 PubMed Central 和 Europe PMC；NSF 资助论文用 NSF-PAR；物理、数学和计算机科学用 arXiv；只有你叫得出名字时才用某个领域档案。

4. 机构知识库：

在作者所在大学的仓储中检索接受稿。分页会不同于已发表 PDF。先查 Open Policy Finder，再假定出版商 PDF 是你可以保存或张贴的文件。

5. 图书馆或馆际互借：

若没有合法开放副本，回到获取学术期刊。在核对图书馆之前，不要去付出版商的 Buy PDF 按钮。

By 'open access' to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited.

APA 7 参考文献（按该文编排，不是虚构来源）：

Piwowar, H., Priem, J., Larivière, V., Alperin, J. P., Matthias, L., Norlander, B., Farley, A., West, J., & Haustein, S. (2018). The state of OA: A large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles. PeerJ, 6, Article e4375. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375

文内：

(Piwowar et al., 2018)

文件所在位置：

https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375 以及 PubMed Central PMC5815332。Unpaywall（为本次改写查询）返回 is_oa true、oa_status gold、publishedVersion、license cc-by。

• 通常是。 大学仓储、PubMed Central、Europe PMC 或 NSF-PAR 中的接受稿，页眉不同于已发表 PDF。
• 有时是。 正式出版本，如果出版商允许把该文件放入仓储。
• 不是。 作者违反合同上传到 ResearchGate 的已排版 PDF。Piwowar et al.（2018）因此把学术社交网络副本排除在 OA 计数之外。

After careful consideration of the outcomes of transformative arrangements, the leadership of cOAlition S reaffirms that, as a principle, its members will no longer financially support these arrangements after 2024.

Notably, the most common mechanism for OA is not Gold, Green, or Hybrid OA, but rather an under-discussed category we dub Bronze: articles made free-to-read on the publisher website, without an explicit Open license.

We define these as journals where the copyright holder of a scholarly work grants usage rights to others using an open license (Creative Commons or equivalent). This allows for immediate free access to the work and permits any user to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose.

• 把 Bronze 当成 Gold。 PDF 打开了，于是你假定是 CC BY。没有许可行。你可以阅读和引用；不能按开放许可理论把一张图丢进幻灯片。
• 接受稿与正式出版本。 引文页码与已发表 PDF 对不上。引用你用过的版本，或改用正式出版本并重新分页。
• 残留禁运。 2019 年的出版商合同仍把接受稿藏十二个月，尽管 NIH（2025 年 7 月 1 日及之后被接受）和 NSF（2026 年 1 月 22 日及之后的资助）现在禁止对新覆盖论文施加这种延迟。
• ResearchGate 或 Academia.edu。 作者上传了出版商 PDF。那往往是违约，不是 Green OA。索要接受稿或使用 Unpaywall。
• 掠夺性 Gold。 收取了 APC，论文几天就出现。在把它当作经过同行评审来引用之前，核对 DOAJ、具名编辑和 Think. Check. Submit.。
• 去年的 S2O 卷册。 2024 年卷开放；2026 年卷未达目标。核对本年这一期，而不是该刊曾经翻转过一次的名声。
• Unpaywall 未命中。 没有编入索引的合法副本。这时该用图书馆或馆际互借，而不是影子站点。

With effect from 2021*, all scholarly publications on the results from research funded by public or private grants provided by national, regional and international research councils and funding bodies, must be published in Open Access Journals, on Open Access Platforms, or made immediately available through Open Access Repositories without embargo.

the 2024 NIH Public Access Policy requires Author Accepted Manuscripts accepted for publication in a journal, on or after July 1, 2025, to be submitted to PubMed Central upon acceptance for publication, for public availability without embargo upon the Official Date of Publication.

Final versions of manuscripts accepted for publication after peer-review in either scholarly journals or juried conference papers or workshop proceedings (collectively referred to as author's accepted manuscripts or AAMs) must be deposited in NSF's Public Access Repository (PAR) at or before the time of publication.

Update their public access policies as soon as possible, and no later than December 31st, 2025, to make publications and their supporting data resulting from federally funded research publicly accessible without an embargo on their free and public release;

Think. Check. Submit. helps researchers identify trusted journals and publishers for their research.

• 列入 DOAJ。 该刊提出申请并通过。自称开放获取不是一回事。
• 具名编辑知道自己被列名。 搜索一位编辑加上刊名。被盗用的刊头是典型的掠夺性信号。
• 收费页注明日期且完整。 投稿、页数、彩色和减免规则应在你投稿或引用之前公开。
• 不切实际的速度。 承诺几天内完成评审是警告，不是服务优惠。
• 收录声明。 Web of Science、Scopus 或 Medline 可以在那些网站上核对。虚构影响因子公司的徽章不行。
• 关于可信度的更多内容。 见如何判断资料来源是否可信。

APA 7 预印本参考文献（arXiv:1706.03762）：

Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., Kaiser, Ł., & Polosukhin, I. (2017). Attention is all you need [Preprint]. arXiv. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1706.03762

下一步该做什么：

在把 arXiv 文件当作正式出版本之前，用题名加上 NeurIPS 或 NIPS 2017 检索经过同行评审的会议版本。

APA 7：

Piwowar, H., Priem, J., Larivière, V., Alperin, J. P., Matthias, L., Norlander, B., Farley, A., West, J., & Haustein, S. (2018). The state of OA: A large-scale analysis of the prevalence and impact of Open Access articles. PeerJ, 6, Article e4375. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375

MLA 9：

Piwowar, Heather, et al. "The State of OA: A Large-Scale Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Open Access Articles." PeerJ, vol. 6, 2018, article e4375, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375.

Chicago notes-bibliography：

Heather Piwowar et al., "The State of OA: A Large-Scale Analysis of the Prevalence and Impact of Open Access Articles," PeerJ 6 (2018): e4375, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4375.