如何检索 Google Scholar：运算符、图书馆链接与 Labs

作者（官方示例）

author:"d knuth" or author:"donald e knuth"

精确题名（官方示例）

"A History of the China Sea"

较新，但仍按相关度排序

执行检索，然后点击左侧栏的 Since 2018。

最新添加的排在前面

点击侧栏的 Sort by date。小屏幕上，打开搜索按钮下方的 Year 菜单。

被引提醒（官方示例）

检索 "Anti de Sitter space and holography"，打开 Cited by，然后点击信封图标。

Scholar Labs（已登录）

用一句话提出研究问题。Labs 识别主题、侧面和关系，然后返回论文，并附上各篇如何有帮助的短注。

Quick Read（已登录，能打开的英文论文）

在深入命中上点击 Quick read，查看 Answers、Approach 和 Considerations——然后在引用前打开 PDF。

Google Scholar includes journal and conference papers, theses and dissertations, academic books, pre-prints, abstracts, technical reports and other scholarly literature from all broad areas of research.

Google Scholar also includes court opinions and patents.

Shorter articles, such as book reviews, news sections, editorials, announcements and letters, may or may not be included.

Untitled documents and documents without authors are usually not included.

Content such as news or magazine articles, book reviews, and editorials is not appropriate for Google Scholar.

Ahem, we index papers, not journals.

How do I search by author?

Use the "author:" operator, e.g., author:"d knuth" or author:"donald e knuth".

How do I search by title?

Put the paper's title in quotations: "A History of the China Sea".

It's in the side drawer. The advanced search window lets you search in the author, title, and publication fields, as well as limit your search results by date.

Like Google, Google Scholar allows searching of metadata terms, but unlike Google, it also indexes full text.

Results are returned in relevance-ranked order, generally favoring entries when search terms appear in document titles and prioritizing documents with larger citation counts.

• 加引号短语。 "pediatric hyperalimentation" — 读过超重主题维基百科条目后，Search Help 自己的例子。
• OR。 college OR university 保留任一词。
• 排除。 词前加连字符即可去掉：mercury -planet。
• 题名词。 allintitle:"google scholar" 是 Search Help 点名的覆盖检查查询。
• Site。 site: 检索每篇论文的 primary 版本，不是 Scholar 聚在一起的每一份副本。

The "site:" operator currently only searches the primary version of each paper.

E.g., a Wikipedia article for "overweight" might suggest a Scholar search for "pediatric hyperalimentation".

You'll often get better results if you search only recent articles, but still sort them by relevance, not by date. E.g., click "Since 2018" in the left sidebar of the search results page.

It analyzes your question to identify its key topics, aspects and relationships. It then searches for all of them on Scholar, and evaluates the results to identify papers that answer the overall research question.

For each paper, it provides a brief description of how the paper helps answer your question.

Finds results ~10x faster

Scans up to 3x more papers, to find the most helpful results

Allows users to do 10x more searches every day

Scholar Labs is available for all logged in users and supports questions in all languages. The updated version of Labs is available in English starting today, and we hope to roll this out to all other languages shortly.

Click "Quick read" to read a short presentation of the paper focused specifically on your query. You'll see an overview and three sections: Answers, Approach, and Considerations.

The Answers section presents an overview of what the paper says about your query as well as the supporting details for each of the points.

The Approach section describes the methods and techniques from the paper that are relevant to your question.

Finally, the Considerations section lists some caveats to keep in mind as you analyze the results.

Quick Read links appear only for papers that you have access to.

Quick Read is available for logged in users and is currently limited to English articles.

• 题名。 打开出版商、仓储或摘要页。引用前确认 version of record。
• [PDF] / [HTML]。 Scholar 找到的可免费阅读副本。可能是预印本、手稿或已刊 PDF。
• 图书馆链接。 官方示例：结果右侧的 FindIt@Harvard。
• Cited by。 引用本条的较新论文。当首批命中过于基础时使用。
• Related articles。 与本条相似的文献，不是第二次关键词检索。
• All versions。 同一著作的其他宿主，包括作者网站和仓储。
• Quick read。 查询聚焦摘要，仅当你已登录且能打开论文。
• [citation]。 其他论文引用过、但 Scholar 尚未在网上找到的著作。取消侧栏 include citations 即可隐藏。

It finds documents similar to the given search result.

These are articles which other scholarly articles have referred to, but which we haven't found online. To exclude them from your search results, uncheck the "include citations" box on the left sidebar.

Search for the title of your paper, e.g., "Anti de Sitter space and holography"; click on the "Cited by" link at the bottom of the search result; and then click on the envelope icon in the left sidebar of the search results page.

click a library link, e.g., "FindIt@Harvard", to the right of the search result;

click a link labeled [PDF] to the right of the search result;

click "All versions" under the search result and check out the alternative sources;

click "Related articles" or "Cited by" under the search result to explore similar articles.

Show library access links for (choose up to five libraries):

Online access to library subscriptions is usually restricted to patrons of that library. You may need to login with your library password, use a campus computer, or configure your browser to use a library proxy.

Your profile contains all the articles you have written yourself. It’s a way to present your work to others, as well as to keep track of citations to it. Your library is a way to organize the articles that you’d like to read or cite, not necessarily the ones you’ve written.

Find the article you want to add in Google Scholar and click the “Save” button under the search result.

We recommend that you use a personal account, not an account at your institution, so that you can keep your profile for as long as you wish.

We compute two versions, All and Recent, of three metrics - h-index, i10-index and the total number of citations.

The Public Access section of a Google Scholar profile contains the articles that are expected to be publicly available based on funding agency mandates.

The Google Scholar indexing system automatically extracts funding information from the acknowledgement sections of articles.

Click the "Cite" button under the search result and then select your bibliography manager at the bottom of the popup. We currently support BibTeX, EndNote, RefMan, and RefWorks.

• 错误版本。 格式化行可能指向预印本，而你读的是期刊 PDF。
• 缺少 DOI 或页码。 提交论文前从出版商页补上。
• 只有 [citation]。 没有全文可核对。到图书馆目录或其他索引中找该著作。
• 把 Labs 或 Quick Read 当来源。 引用这些工具找到的文章，不要引用工具。
• 批量收割。 Scholar 会阻止自动抓取。Search Help 不会提高上限；它指向 robots.txt。

Select the text you want to emphasize, and a popup will appear, allowing you to choose a highlight color or add a comment.

Highlights and comments are saved automatically to your personal Google Scholar Library.

If you don’t yet have the Reader, you can install it from its Chrome web store page. In addition to highlights, Scholar PDF Reader has many other features to help with your paper reading – AI Outline for quick overview, one-click preview of cited articles, linked figure and table mentions, citing and related articles, and light/dark modes.

Scholar Metrics are currently based on our index as it was in July 2025.

Scholar Metrics currently cover articles published between 2020 and 2024, both inclusive. The metrics are based on citations from all articles that were indexed in Google Scholar in July 2025.

Finally, the h5-index, h5-core, and h5-median of a publication are, respectively, the h-index, h-core, and h-median of only those of its articles that were published in the last five complete calendar years.

Currently, Google Scholar allows you to search and read published opinions of US state appellate and supreme court cases since 1950, US federal district, appellate, tax and bankruptcy courts since 1923 and US Supreme Court cases since 1791.

Sorry, we can only show up to 1,000 results for any particular search query. Try a different query to get more results.

Finally, Google Scholar limits the number of viewable results to 1,000 and does not disclose how the top 1,000 results are selected, thus compromising the transparency and reproducibility of search results (Levay et al 2016).

Technically, your web browser remembers your settings in a "cookie" on your computer's disk, and sends this cookie to our website along with every search.