생물학 출처를 CSE 스타일로 인용하는 방법

citation–sequence / citation–name 학술지 템플릿:

Author(s). Article title. Journal title. Date;volume(issue):location. URL

name–year 학술지 템플릿:

Author(s). Date. Article title. Journal title. Volume(issue):location. URL

citation–sequence 단행본 템플릿:

Author(s). Title. Edition. Publisher; year of publication.

name–year 단행본 템플릿:

Author(s). Date. Title. Edition. Publisher.

공식 citation–sequence 학술지:

Haasnoot M, Lawrence J, Magnan AK. Pathways to coastal retreat. Science. 2021;372(6548):1287–1290. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6594

공식 name–year 학술지:

Fauci AS, Lane HC. 2020. Four decades of HIV/AIDS—much accomplished, much to do. N Engl J Med. 383(1):1–4. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1916753

공식 name–year 본문(저자 2명):

(Fauci and Lane 2020)

문장 속 citation–sequence:

Coastal adaptation pathways are already in use.¹

The CSE Manual presents 3 systems for referring to references (also known as citations) within the text of a journal article, book, or other scientific publication: (1) citation–sequence, (2) name–year, and (3) citation–name.

A DOI-based URL (which starts with https://doi.org/), when available, should be preferred to any other form of URL.

For articles with more than 5 authors, list the first author followed by “et al.”

Journal titles are generally abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations maintained by the ISSN International Centre.

One major change in the ninth edition is to the rule on the number of authors to list in end references to documents with 6 or more authors. Under the revised recommendation, only the first author should be named before using “et al,” instead of the first 5 authors.

Under the updated guidelines, access dates are recommended only for online sources for which the date of publication, copyright, or revision cannot be determined. Also removed from end references is the place of publication for book publishers, which has become less relevant because research works are easy to find online and because many book publishers have multiple locations.

The ninth edition recommends digital object identifiers (DOIs) as the preferred uniform resource locators in end references for online documents, when DOIs are available.

As of the ninth edition, the maximum number of authors listed is 5, and references with 6 or more authors should list only the first author followed by “et al.”

These 2 systems are identical except for the order in which the end references are listed. In both systems, numbers within the text refer to the end references.

In the citation–sequence system, the end references are listed in the sequence in which they first appear within the text. For example, if a reference by Smith is the first one mentioned in the text, then the complete reference to the Smith work will be number 1 in the end references. The same number is used for subsequent in-text references to the same document.

In the citation–name system, the end references are listed alphabetically by the first author’s surname. Multiple works by the same author are listed alphabetically by title.

Citation–sequence, 저자 3명:

Haasnoot M, Lawrence J, Magnan AK. Pathways to coastal retreat. Science. 2021;372(6548):1287–1290. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abi6594

Citation–sequence, 저자 5명 초과:

Ashraf M et al. Interaction between the distribution of diabetic retinopathy lesions and the association of optical coherence tomography angiography scans with diabetic retinopathy severity. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2020;138(12):1291–1297. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2020.4516

Name–year, 저자 2명:

Fauci AS, Lane HC. 2020. Four decades of HIV/AIDS—much accomplished, much to do. N Engl J Med. 383(1):1–4. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1916753

본문 name–year, 저자 2명:

(Fauci and Lane 2020)

본문 name–year, 3명 이상:

(Haasnoot et al 2021)

Name–year 저자 상한(Quick Guide):

For articles with 3 to 5 authors, list all authors in the end reference; for articles with more than 5 authors, list the first author followed by “et al.” In either case, list only the first author followed by “et al” in the in-text reference.

Citation–sequence, 논문 번호이고 권 없음:

Liu L, Bai P, Liu C, Tian W, Liang K. Changes in extreme precipitation in the Mekong Basin. Adv Meteorol. 2020:8874869. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874869

Name–year, 논문 번호:

Liu L, Bai P, Liu C, Tian W, Liang K. 2020. Changes in extreme precipitation in the Mekong Basin. Adv Meteorol. 8874869. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8874869

Name–year 동일 저자, 동일 연도(공식 2020a):

Lee SMC et al. 2020a. Arterial structure and function during and after long-duration spaceflight. J Appl Physiol. 129(1):108–123. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00550.2019

Name–year 동일 저자, 동일 연도(공식 2020b):

Lee SMC et al. 2020b. Efficacy of gradient compression garments in the hours after long-duration spaceflight. Front Physiol. 11:784. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00784

본문 name–year, 두 저작:

(Lee et al 2020a, 2020b)

Watson JD, Crick FH. Molecular structure of nucleic acids: a structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid. Nature. 1953;171(4356):737–738. https://doi.org/10.1038/171737a0

Name–year, 저자 2명:

Reiss MJ, Ruse M. 2023. The new biology: a battle between mechanism and organicism. Harvard University Press.

본문 name–year:

(Reiss and Ruse 2023)

Citation–sequence, 번역서:

Klarsfeld A, Revah F. The biology of death: origins of mortality. Brady L, translator. Cornell University Press; 2003.

Citation–sequence, 번역자와 편집자(공식 미토콘드리아 제목):

Luzikov VN. Mitochondrial biogenesis and breakdown. Galkin AV, translator; Roodyn DB, editor. Consultants Bureau; 1985.

Citation–sequence 장, 저자가 다를 때:

Geisslitz S, Scherf K. The holy grail of ancient cereals. In: Boukid F, editor. Cereal-based foodstuffs: the backbone of Mediterranean cuisine. Springer; 2021. p 269–301.

Citation–sequence 장, 동일 저자:

Everard M. Ecosystem services: key issues. Routledge; 2017. Chapter 8, Regenerative landscapes: reversing the cycle; p 141–169.

Citation–sequence 온라인 단행본, 편집자 5명 초과:

Agarwal A et al, editors. Oxford handbook of clinical surgery. 5th ed. Oxford University Press; 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198799481.001.0001

Alberts B et al. Molecular biology of the cell. 7th ed. W. W. Norton & Company; 2022.

the best way to cite a GenBank record in a publication is to use the full accession.version identifier for the record.

Nucleotide [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; [1988] – . Accession No. NM_001349333.1, Homo sapiens FYN binding protein (FYB), transcript variant 4, mRNA; [cited YYYY Mmm DD]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/NM_001349333.1

BLAST 1990(저자 5명이므로 모두 적음):

Altschul SF, Gish W, Miller W, Myers EW, Lipman DJ. Basic local alignment search tool. J Mol Biol. 1990;215(3):403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2

Gapped BLAST / PSI-BLAST 1997(저자 5명 초과):

Altschul SF et al. Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1997;25(17):3389–3402. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389

ImageJ(Nature Methods; 저자 3명):

Schneider CA, Rasband WS, Eliceiri KW. NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nat Methods. 2012;9(7):671–675. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089

Citation–sequence 프리프린트:

Lopez Bernal J et al. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the B.1.617.2 variant [preprint]. medRxiv 2021. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.22.21257658

Name–year 프리프린트:

Lopez Bernal J et al. 2021. Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against the B.1.617.2 variant [preprint]. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.22.21257658

Citation–sequence 학위논문:

Liang S. Transport properties of topological semimetals and non-symmorphic topological insulator [dissertation]. Princeton University; 2020. https://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01vm40xv52n

Citation–sequence / citation–name 탭:

If no date of publication or update is available, include an access date.

Name–year 탭:

If no date of publication is available, use “date unknown” and include an access date.

공식 citation–sequence 날짜 있는 웹사이트(CDC):

Health equity considerations and racial and ethnic minority groups. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases; 2020 Apr 30 [updated 2022 Jan 25]. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/race-ethnicity.html

공식 name–year 날짜 있는 웹사이트:

Health equity considerations and racial and ethnic minority groups. 2020 Apr 30. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Division of Viral Diseases; [updated 2022 Jan 25]. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/health-equity/race-ethnicity.html

그 페이지의 공식 name–year 본문:

(Health equity . . . 2020)

공식 name–year 날짜 없는 지도:

Montrose Point Bird Sanctuary, Chicago, Illinois. [date unknown]. Google Maps; [accessed 2022 Jan 3]. https://goo.gl/maps/GJALYGBXFZ8TSGK5A

공식 name–year 본문:

(Montrose Point . . . [date unknown])

References to personal communications are placed in running text rather than as formal end references. Permission is usually required and should be acknowledged in an “Acknowledgments” or “Notes” section at the end of the document.

. . . local and systemic reactions were expected to be stronger after the second dose (2022 letter from TD Perez to author; unreferenced, see “Notes”) . . .

Not all forthcoming or unpublished sources are suitable for inclusion in reference lists. Check with your publisher if in doubt.