How to Cite a Preprint in Vancouver (ICMJE)
Learn how to cite arXiv, bioRxiv, and other preprint server papers in Vancouver format (ICMJE). This guide includes the reference list format, in-text citation examples, and key formatting rules.
Vancouver Reference List Format
Here is the standard Vancouver format for citing a preprint in your reference list:
Author AA, Author BB. Title of preprint. Repository Name [Preprint]. Year [cited Year Mon Day]. Available from: https://doi.org/xxxxx
Vancouver Example for a Preprint
A complete Vancouver reference for a preprint, formatted by the official Vancouver CSL style definition — the same engine that powers the generator on this site:
1. Petrov I, Osei A. Reference accuracy in large language model output. arXiv. 2024.
Matching in-text citation: (1)
Vancouver In-Text Citation
Use one of these formats when referencing this source within your paper:
Parenthetical
(1)
Narrative
Author (1) reported...
Key Vancouver Formatting Rules
- Add the [Preprint] tag after the repository name.
- Include the DOI under 'Available from:'.
- Include the [cited Year Mon Day] access date.
- Number references in order of first appearance in the text.
Step-by-Step Guide
- Gather source information: Collect the author name, title, publication date, and URL or DOI for your preprint.
- Format the reference: Arrange the elements following the Vancouver (ICMJE) template shown above.
- Create the in-text citation: Add a parenthetical or narrative citation in your paper where you reference this source.
- Add to your reference list: Include the full formatted citation at the end of your paper.
- Double-check formatting: Verify italics, punctuation, capitalization, and hanging indents match Vancouver requirements.
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