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How to Cite a Dissertation or Thesis in NLM (current)

Learn how to cite doctoral dissertations and master's theses in NLM format (current). This guide includes the reference list format, in-text citation examples, and key formatting rules.

NLM Reference List Format

Here is the standard NLM format for citing a dissertation or thesis in your reference list:

NLM Example for a Dissertation or Thesis

A complete NLM reference for a dissertation or thesis, formatted by the official NLM CSL style definition — the same engine that powers the generator on this site:

[1] Vasquez E. Reading practices in the digital archive [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. State University; 2022. Available from: https://www.example.org/theses/vasquez.

Matching in-text citation: [1]

Step-by-Step Guide

  1. Gather source information: Collect the author name, title, publication date, and URL or DOI for your dissertation or thesis.
  2. Format the reference: Arrange the elements following the NLM (current) template shown above.
  3. Create the in-text citation: Add a parenthetical or narrative citation in your paper where you reference this source.
  4. Add to your reference list: Include the full formatted citation at the end of your paper.
  5. Double-check formatting: Verify italics, punctuation, capitalization, and hanging indents match NLM requirements.

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Cite a Dissertation or Thesis in Other Styles

Dissertation or Thesis in APADissertation or Thesis in MLADissertation or Thesis in ChicagoDissertation or Thesis in HarvardDissertation or Thesis in VancouverDissertation or Thesis in IEEEDissertation or Thesis in AMADissertation or Thesis in TurabianDissertation or Thesis in CSEDissertation or Thesis in BibTeXDissertation or Thesis in NatureDissertation or Thesis in ACSDissertation or Thesis in OSCOLADissertation or Thesis in BluebookDissertation or Thesis in AGLCDissertation or Thesis in ASADissertation or Thesis in APSADissertation or Thesis in AAADissertation or Thesis in ACMDissertation or Thesis in APSDissertation or Thesis in AIPDissertation or Thesis in CellDissertation or Thesis in ScienceDissertation or Thesis in PLOSDissertation or Thesis in BMJDissertation or Thesis in LancetDissertation or Thesis in JAMADissertation or Thesis in Elsevier HarvardDissertation or Thesis in Springer

Cite Other Sources in NLM

Website in NLMBook in NLMJournal Article in NLMYouTube Video in NLMPodcast in NLMNewspaper Article in NLMMagazine Article in NLMBlog Post in NLMWikipedia in NLMPDF in NLMInterview in NLMSocial Media Post in NLMGovernment Document in NLMConference Paper in NLMLecture or PowerPoint in NLMWebinar in NLMOnline Course in NLMPowerPoint Presentation in NLMImage or Photograph in NLMMovie or Film in NLMDocumentary in NLMTV Show in NLMSong or Music in NLMPoem in NLMCourt Case in NLMPatent in NLMEncyclopedia Entry in NLMDictionary Entry in NLMDataset in NLMSoftware or App in NLMVideo Game in NLMPress Release in NLMReport in NLMPreprint in NLMBook Chapter in NLMChatGPT in NLMBible in NLMTED Talk in NLMEmail in NLMReddit or Forum Post in NLMX (Twitter) Post in NLMMap in NLM

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