APA, MLA, Chicago로 소셜 미디어를 인용하는 법

APA 7 참고문헌:

Author, A. A. [@username]. (Year, Month Day). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://xxxxx

APA 7 괄호 인용:

(Author, Year)

MLA 9 작품 인용:

Author [@handle]. “Text of the post.” X, Day Mon. Year, permalink.

MLA 9 본문 인용:

(Author)

Chicago 노트:

1. Author Name (@handle), “Quoted text or short description,” Platform, Month Day, Year, URL.

Chicago 본문:

Author's post made the claim (@handle, Month Day, Year).

회수할 수 없는 DM(어느 스타일이든):

(A. A. Author, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

APA Publication Manual §10.15, Camosun이 pp. 348–350에서 재진술

Cite only original content from social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, Instagram, Tumblr, LinkedIn, and so forth. If you used social media to discover content (e.g., you found a link to a blog post on Pinterest or Twitter) and you want to cite the content, cite it directly.

MLA Style Center, “Citing Material Posted on Social Media Platforms”(2021년 6월 16일)

To cite material posted on a social media platform, follow the MLA format template. List the author of the post, usually the account name, followed by the title of the material or a description in place of a title in the Title of Source element. Then list the title of the social media site in the Title of Container element. Next list the publisher, unless the name of the site’s publisher is essentially the same as the website title. Then provide the date of publication of the post—if given—or the copyright date of the page. Finally, list the URL in the Location element. As always, key your in-text reference to the first element of the entry. The in-text reference may appear in prose or parentheses.

Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide, Notes and Bibliography(2026년 9월 18일 열람)

Citations of content posted to social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). A note may be added if a more formal citation is needed. In rare cases, a bibliography entry may also be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 280 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.

After Twitter's name changed to X in 2023, the term "post" replaced "tweet." As in the example, references to posts that predate the change should use the new terms, since that's what readers will see when they follow the link to the source.

X 게시물, Common Reference Examples(2026년 3월 3일):

Obama, B. [@BarackObama]. (2024, May 17). Today marks 70 years since the Supreme Court handed down its landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, outlawing [Post]. X. https://x.com/BarackObama/status/1791540592238874953

괄호 인용:

(Obama, 2024)

X 게시물, 개인 저자(APA Style X references):

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2019, September 7). Today, it’s difficult for researchers to diagnose #Alzheimers patients early enough to intervene. A reliable, easy and accurate diagnostic would [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/BillGates/status/1170305718425137152

괄호 인용:

(Gates, 2019)

Facebook 게시물(APA Style Facebook references):

News From Science. (2019, June 21). Are you a fan of astronomy? Enjoy reading about what scientists have discovered in our solar system—and beyond? This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/photos/a.117532185107/10156268057260108/?type=3&theater

Instagram 사진(APA Style Instagram references):

Philadelphia Museum of Art [@philamuseum]. (2019, December 3). “It’s always wonderful to walk in and see my work in a collection where it’s loved, and where people are” [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B5oDnnNhOt4/

TikTok 동영상(APA Style / APA Style blog):

Cook, P. [@chemteacherphil]. (2021, September 17). Fighting fire with fire. #sciencetok #learnontiktok [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@chemteacherphil/video/7008953610872605957

Reddit 댓글(APA Style online forum references):

Gates, B. [thisisbillgates]. (2017, February 27). Philanthropy is small as a part of the overall economy so it can’t do things like fund health care or [Comment on the online forum post I’m Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Ask me anything.]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/5whpqs/im_bill_gates_cochair_of_the_bill_melinda_gates/dea82mk/

참고문헌:

Royal Roads University. [@royalroads.ca]. (2025, July 25). Royal Roads is a signatory to the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment. We join thousands of institutions and individuals [Post]. Bluesky. https://bsky.app/profile/royalroads.ca/post/3lusztqfqbc2r

괄호 인용:

(Royal Roads University, 2025)

Because posts published formerly on Twitter now exist on X, we recommend using X as the title of container for any posts published on the platform, past and present.

With the name change came other changes as well: what used to be called tweets are now called posts. To be up-to-date, avoid referring to “tweets” and the corresponding verb form (“so-and-so tweeted”) in your prose.

작품 인용, 리브랜딩 후 게시된 글:

O’Connor, Kim. “Kelly Link on ‘nighttime logic.’” X, 13 Feb. 2024, twitter.com/shallowbrigade/status/1757476492647219227.

작품 인용, 지금은 X에 있는 2022년 게시물:

Klein, Ezra. “My phone keeps autocorrecting ‘I’ to ‘AI’ which is a little on-the-nose.” X, 22 Apr. 2022, twitter.com/ezraklein/status/1517591690101489665.

X / Twitter 게시물(옛 페이지는 여전히 Twitter를 인쇄):

Chaucer Doth Tweet [@LeVostreGC]. “A daye wythout anachronism ys lyke Emily Dickinson wythout her lightsaber.” Twitter, 7 Apr. 2018, twitter.com/LeVostreGC/status/982829987286827009.

이름과 같고 URL이 있어 핸들을 생략:

Keys, Alicia. “Videos.” TikTok, 2020, www.tiktok.com/@aliciakeys?lang=en.

URL이 없어 핸들을 남김(모바일 / §5.16):

Nguyen, Viet Thanh [@viet_t_nguyen]. “I could put on my headphones at the Chinese restaurant or I could listen to @barrymanilow sing ‘Mandy.’ I choose Mandy.” Twitter, 19 Feb. 2019.

Facebook 사진:

World Wildlife Fund. “Happy Earth Day from all of us at WWF!” Facebook, 22 Apr. 2019, www.facebook.com/worldwildlifefund/photos/a.58993914793/10156574728914794.

Instagram 동영상, 계정 이름과 닮지 않아 핸들을 남김:

Hamilton Videos [@hamilton.vods]. Video of King George in Hamilton. Instagram, 5 July 2020, www.instagram.com/p/CCPEUJLDz0l/.

고유 URL이 없는 Snapchat 사진:

Obama, Michelle. Photo with students in Vietnam. Snapchat, www.snapchat.com/add/michelleobama. Accessed 14 July 2020.

본문(공식 표본):

The Instagram post included a photo of the president delivering a eulogy at the National Cathedral and referred to O’Connor as “gracious and principled” (@potus, December 19, 2023).

첫 노트, X / Twitter:

1. NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb), “👀 Sneak a peek at the deepest & sharpest infrared image of the early universe ever taken—all in a day’s work for the Webb telescope. (Literally, capturing it took less than a day!),” Twitter (now X), July 11, 2022, https://twitter.com/NASAWebb/status/1546621080298835970.

첫 노트, Facebook:

2. Chicago Manual of Style, “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993,” Facebook, April 17, 2015, https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.

짧은 노트:

3. NASA Webb Telescope, “👀 Sneak a peek.”

댓글 노트:

4. Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style, “singular they.”

참고문헌(드묾. 공식 표본):

Chicago Manual of Style. “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993.” Facebook, April 17, 2015. https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.

Citations of content posted to social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 280 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.

참고문헌 목록:

NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb). 2022. “👀 Sneak a peek at the deepest & sharpest infrared image of the early universe ever taken—all in a day’s work for the Webb telescope. (Literally, capturing it took less than a day!).” Twitter (now X), July 11. https://twitter.com/NASAWebb/status/1546621080298835970.

본문:

(NASA Webb Telescope 2022)

본문의 댓글:

(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)

개인 커뮤니케이션, 소셜 DM 포함(Notes and Bibliography):

Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text or in a note only; they are rarely included in a bibliography.

개인 커뮤니케이션(Author-Date, 2026년 9월 18일 열람):

Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.

Facebook DM 노트(14.111):

5. Sam Gomez, Facebook direct message to author, August 1, 2024.

Facebook DM, Author-Date 본문:

(Sam Gomez, Facebook direct message to author, August 1, 2024)

첫 노트:

18. Roxane Gay (@rgay), “The bags under my eyes are quite roomy,” X (formerly known as Twitter), June 17, 2018, 3:59 p.m., https://twitter.com/rgay/status/1008484262763483136.

Author-Date 본문:

(Gay 2018)

APA, 독자가 URL을 열 수 없을 때:

(A. A. Author, personal communication, March 4, 2026)

MLA, 공개 사본이 없을 때:

Name the account and the date in your prose. Do not invent a works-cited permalink.

삭제를 기록해야 할 때의 Chicago 노트:

Author Name (@handle), “Quoted text,” Platform, Month Day, Year (post deleted).