APA、MLA、Chicagoでソーシャルメディアを引用する方法

APA 7の参考文献:

Author, A. A. [@username]. (Year, Month Day). First 20 words of the post [Image attached] [Post]. X. https://xxxxx

APA 7の括弧内引用:

(Author, Year)

MLA 9の作品引用文献:

Author [@handle]. “Text of the post.” X, Day Mon. Year, permalink.

MLA 9の本文中引用:

(Author)

Chicagoの注:

1. Author Name (@handle), “Quoted text or short description,” Platform, Month Day, Year, URL.

Chicagoの地の文:

Author's post made the claim (@handle, Month Day, Year).

再入手できないDM（どのスタイルでも）:

(A. A. Author, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

APA Publication Manual §10.15（Camosunがpp. 348–350から再述）

Cite only original content from social media sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Reddit, Instagram, Tumblr, LinkedIn, and so forth. If you used social media to discover content (e.g., you found a link to a blog post on Pinterest or Twitter) and you want to cite the content, cite it directly.

MLA Style Center, “Citing Material Posted on Social Media Platforms”（2021年6月16日）

To cite material posted on a social media platform, follow the MLA format template. List the author of the post, usually the account name, followed by the title of the material or a description in place of a title in the Title of Source element. Then list the title of the social media site in the Title of Container element. Next list the publisher, unless the name of the site’s publisher is essentially the same as the website title. Then provide the date of publication of the post—if given—or the copyright date of the page. Finally, list the URL in the Location element. As always, key your in-text reference to the first element of the entry. The in-text reference may appear in prose or parentheses.

Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide, Notes and Bibliography（2026年9月18日に開いた）

Citations of content posted to social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). A note may be added if a more formal citation is needed. In rare cases, a bibliography entry may also be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 280 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.

After Twitter's name changed to X in 2023, the term "post" replaced "tweet." As in the example, references to posts that predate the change should use the new terms, since that's what readers will see when they follow the link to the source.

X投稿、Common Reference Examples（2026年3月3日）:

Obama, B. [@BarackObama]. (2024, May 17). Today marks 70 years since the Supreme Court handed down its landmark decision in Brown v. Board of Education, outlawing [Post]. X. https://x.com/BarackObama/status/1791540592238874953

括弧内引用:

(Obama, 2024)

X投稿、個人著者（APA Style X references）:

Gates, B. [@BillGates]. (2019, September 7). Today, it’s difficult for researchers to diagnose #Alzheimers patients early enough to intervene. A reliable, easy and accurate diagnostic would [Thumbnail with link attached] [Post]. X. https://x.com/BillGates/status/1170305718425137152

括弧内引用:

(Gates, 2019)

Facebook投稿（APA Style Facebook references）:

News From Science. (2019, June 21). Are you a fan of astronomy? Enjoy reading about what scientists have discovered in our solar system—and beyond? This [Image attached] [Status update]. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/ScienceNOW/photos/a.117532185107/10156268057260108/?type=3&theater

Instagram写真（APA Style Instagram references）:

Philadelphia Museum of Art [@philamuseum]. (2019, December 3). “It’s always wonderful to walk in and see my work in a collection where it’s loved, and where people are” [Photograph]. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/B5oDnnNhOt4/

TikTok動画（APA Style / APA Style blog）:

Cook, P. [@chemteacherphil]. (2021, September 17). Fighting fire with fire. #sciencetok #learnontiktok [Video]. TikTok. https://www.tiktok.com/@chemteacherphil/video/7008953610872605957

Redditコメント（APA Style online forum references）:

Gates, B. [thisisbillgates]. (2017, February 27). Philanthropy is small as a part of the overall economy so it can’t do things like fund health care or [Comment on the online forum post I’m Bill Gates, co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Ask me anything.]. Reddit. https://www.reddit.com/r/IAmA/comments/5whpqs/im_bill_gates_cochair_of_the_bill_melinda_gates/dea82mk/

参考文献:

Royal Roads University. [@royalroads.ca]. (2025, July 25). Royal Roads is a signatory to the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment. We join thousands of institutions and individuals [Post]. Bluesky. https://bsky.app/profile/royalroads.ca/post/3lusztqfqbc2r

括弧内引用:

(Royal Roads University, 2025)

Because posts published formerly on Twitter now exist on X, we recommend using X as the title of container for any posts published on the platform, past and present.

With the name change came other changes as well: what used to be called tweets are now called posts. To be up-to-date, avoid referring to “tweets” and the corresponding verb form (“so-and-so tweeted”) in your prose.

作品引用文献、改称後に公開された投稿:

O’Connor, Kim. “Kelly Link on ‘nighttime logic.’” X, 13 Feb. 2024, twitter.com/shallowbrigade/status/1757476492647219227.

作品引用文献、いまX上にある2022年の投稿:

Klein, Ezra. “My phone keeps autocorrecting ‘I’ to ‘AI’ which is a little on-the-nose.” X, 22 Apr. 2022, twitter.com/ezraklein/status/1517591690101489665.

X / Twitter投稿（古いページはいまも Twitter と印刷する）:

Chaucer Doth Tweet [@LeVostreGC]. “A daye wythout anachronism ys lyke Emily Dickinson wythout her lightsaber.” Twitter, 7 Apr. 2018, twitter.com/LeVostreGC/status/982829987286827009.

名前と一致しURLもあるのでハンドルを省略:

Keys, Alicia. “Videos.” TikTok, 2020, www.tiktok.com/@aliciakeys?lang=en.

URLがないのでハンドルを残す（モバイル / §5.16）:

Nguyen, Viet Thanh [@viet_t_nguyen]. “I could put on my headphones at the Chinese restaurant or I could listen to @barrymanilow sing ‘Mandy.’ I choose Mandy.” Twitter, 19 Feb. 2019.

Facebook写真:

World Wildlife Fund. “Happy Earth Day from all of us at WWF!” Facebook, 22 Apr. 2019, www.facebook.com/worldwildlifefund/photos/a.58993914793/10156574728914794.

Instagram動画、アカウント名に似ていないのでハンドルを残す:

Hamilton Videos [@hamilton.vods]. Video of King George in Hamilton. Instagram, 5 July 2020, www.instagram.com/p/CCPEUJLDz0l/.

固有URLのないSnapchat写真:

Obama, Michelle. Photo with students in Vietnam. Snapchat, www.snapchat.com/add/michelleobama. Accessed 14 July 2020.

地の文（公式見本）:

The Instagram post included a photo of the president delivering a eulogy at the National Cathedral and referred to O’Connor as “gracious and principled” (@potus, December 19, 2023).

初出の注、X / Twitter:

1. NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb), “👀 Sneak a peek at the deepest & sharpest infrared image of the early universe ever taken—all in a day’s work for the Webb telescope. (Literally, capturing it took less than a day!),” Twitter (now X), July 11, 2022, https://twitter.com/NASAWebb/status/1546621080298835970.

初出の注、Facebook:

2. Chicago Manual of Style, “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993,” Facebook, April 17, 2015, https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.

短縮注:

3. NASA Webb Telescope, “👀 Sneak a peek.”

コメントの注:

4. Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style, “singular they.”

参考文献（まれ。公式見本）:

Chicago Manual of Style. “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993.” Facebook, April 17, 2015. https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.

Citations of content posted to social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). If a more formal citation is needed, a reference list entry may be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 280 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original post.

参考文献リスト:

NASA Webb Telescope (@NASAWebb). 2022. “👀 Sneak a peek at the deepest & sharpest infrared image of the early universe ever taken—all in a day’s work for the Webb telescope. (Literally, capturing it took less than a day!).” Twitter (now X), July 11. https://twitter.com/NASAWebb/status/1546621080298835970.

本文中:

(NASA Webb Telescope 2022)

本文中のコメント:

(Michele Truty, April 17, 2015, 1:09 p.m., comment on Chicago Manual of Style 2015)

個人的コミュニケーション、ソーシャルDMを含む（Notes and Bibliography）:

Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text or in a note only; they are rarely included in a bibliography.

個人的コミュニケーション（Author-Date、2026年9月18日に開いた）:

Personal communications, including email and text messages and direct messages sent through social media, are usually cited in the text only; they are rarely included in a reference list.

Facebook DMの注（14.111）:

5. Sam Gomez, Facebook direct message to author, August 1, 2024.

Facebook DM、Author-Dateの本文中:

(Sam Gomez, Facebook direct message to author, August 1, 2024)

初出の注:

18. Roxane Gay (@rgay), “The bags under my eyes are quite roomy,” X (formerly known as Twitter), June 17, 2018, 3:59 p.m., https://twitter.com/rgay/status/1008484262763483136.

Author-Dateの本文中:

(Gay 2018)

APA、読者がURLを開けないとき:

(A. A. Author, personal communication, March 4, 2026)

MLA、公開複製がないとき:

Name the account and the date in your prose. Do not invent a works-cited permalink.

削除を記録しなければならないときのChicagoの注:

Author Name (@handle), “Quoted text,” Platform, Month Day, Year (post deleted).