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How to Cite an Email in Turabian (9th edition)

Learn how to cite emails, letters, and personal communications in Turabian format (9th edition). This guide includes the reference list format, in-text citation examples, and key formatting rules.

Turabian Bibliography Format

Here is the standard Turabian format for citing an email in your bibliography:

Cite in a note, not the bibliography: 1. Sender First Name Last Name, email message to author, Month Day, Year.

Turabian In-Text Citation

Use one of these formats when referencing this source within your paper:

Parenthetical

(Sender, email message to author, April 20, 2024)

Narrative

Sender, in an email to the author, noted...

Key Turabian Formatting Rules

  • Turabian follows Chicago: cite a personal email in a note, not the bibliography.
  • Give the sender, “email message to author,” and the date.
  • Personal communications are normally left out of the bibliography.
  • Cite only emails your reader cannot retrieve elsewhere.

Step-by-Step Guide

  1. Gather source information: Collect the author name, title, publication date, and URL or DOI for your email.
  2. Format the reference: Arrange the elements following the Turabian (9th edition) template shown above.
  3. Create the in-text citation: Add a parenthetical or narrative citation in your paper where you reference this source.
  4. Add to your bibliography: Include the full formatted citation at the end of your paper.
  5. Double-check formatting: Verify italics, punctuation, capitalization, and hanging indents match Turabian requirements.

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Cite an Email in Other Styles

Email in APAEmail in MLAEmail in ChicagoEmail in HarvardEmail in VancouverEmail in IEEEEmail in AMAEmail in CSEEmail in BibTeXEmail in NatureEmail in ACSEmail in OSCOLAEmail in BluebookEmail in AGLCEmail in ASAEmail in APSAEmail in AAAEmail in NLMEmail in ACMEmail in APSEmail in AIPEmail in CellEmail in ScienceEmail in PLOSEmail in BMJEmail in LancetEmail in JAMAEmail in Elsevier HarvardEmail in Springer

Cite Other Sources in Turabian

Website in TurabianBook in TurabianJournal Article in TurabianYouTube Video in TurabianPodcast in TurabianNewspaper Article in TurabianMagazine Article in TurabianBlog Post in TurabianWikipedia in TurabianPDF in TurabianInterview in TurabianSocial Media Post in TurabianGovernment Document in TurabianDissertation or Thesis in TurabianConference Paper in TurabianLecture or PowerPoint in TurabianWebinar in TurabianImage or Photograph in TurabianMovie or Film in TurabianDocumentary in TurabianTV Show in TurabianSong or Music in TurabianPoem in TurabianCourt Case in TurabianPatent in TurabianEncyclopedia Entry in TurabianDictionary Entry in TurabianDataset in TurabianSoftware or App in TurabianVideo Game in TurabianPress Release in TurabianReport in TurabianPreprint in TurabianBook Chapter in TurabianChatGPT in TurabianBible in TurabianTED Talk in TurabianReddit or Forum Post in TurabianMap in Turabian

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