Free Writing & Citation Tools
65 free tools for students, researchers, and academic writers. No sign-up required.
Writing Tools
Word Counter
Count words, characters, sentences, and paragraphs in your text. Get reading time estimates and readability scores instantly.
Readability Score Checker
Check the readability of your writing with Flesch-Kincaid, Gunning Fog, Coleman-Liau, and SMOG readability scores.
Lorem Ipsum Generator
Generate placeholder text for your documents, essays, and web designs. Choose paragraphs, sentences, or words.
Paraphrase Quality Checker
Compare your paraphrase to the original text. Check if your rewrite is different enough to avoid plagiarism.
Essay Outline Generator
Generate structured essay outlines. Choose from argumentative, expository, compare/contrast, and research paper templates.
Abstract Writing Helper
Structure your research abstract with guided prompts. Follow the IMRaD format with word count tracking for journal submissions.
Character Counter
Count characters with and without spaces, unique characters, and character frequency. Track character limits for social media, essays, and abstracts.
Sentence Counter
Count sentences in your text. Get average sentence length, longest and shortest sentences, and sentence variety analysis for better writing.
Reading Time Calculator
Estimate how long it takes to read or speak your text aloud. Perfect for blog posts, presentations, speeches, and podcast scripts.
Word Frequency Counter
Analyze word frequency in your text. Find the most common words, identify overused phrases, and improve vocabulary variety in your writing.
Text Diff Checker
Compare two texts side by side and highlight the differences. Find changes between drafts, revisions, and versions of your writing.
Passive Voice Detector
Detect passive voice constructions in your writing. Highlight passive sentences and get suggestions to rewrite them in active voice for stronger academic prose.
Transition Word Finder
Find and analyze transition words in your text. See which transitions you use, identify gaps, and get suggestions for smoother flow between paragraphs and ideas.
Thesis Statement Generator
Generate strong thesis statements for argumentative, analytical, and expository essays. Enter your topic and position to get a focused, debatable thesis.
Research Question Generator
Generate focused research questions from your topic. Get questions suitable for qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research across any academic discipline.
Acronym Generator
Generate acronyms and abbreviations from any phrase or set of words. Perfect for project names, organization names, and academic terminology.
Oxford Comma Checker
Check your text for consistent Oxford comma usage. Detect serial commas, find inconsistencies, and ensure your writing follows APA, Chicago, or AP style rules.
Keyword Density Analyzer
Analyze keyword density and word distribution in your text. Find overused words, check keyword frequency percentages, and optimize content for SEO and readability.
Citation Tools
Bibliography Alphabetizer
Alphabetize your bibliography, works cited, or reference list instantly. Supports APA, MLA, and Chicago sorting rules.
DOI Validator & Resolver
Validate and resolve DOIs (Digital Object Identifiers). Check if a DOI is valid and get the full metadata for any academic article.
DOI Citation Generator
Paste a DOI and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, year, and journal filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles.
ISBN Citation Generator
Enter a book's ISBN and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, publisher, and year filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles.
PMID Citation Generator
Paste a PubMed ID (PMID or PMCID) and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, year, and journal filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, Vancouver, and 10,832 styles.
arXiv Citation Generator
Paste an arXiv ID and get a full, formatted preprint citation — authors, title, and year filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,832 styles.
Website Citation Generator
Paste a URL and get a full, formatted website citation — author, title, site name, and date filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles.
Book Citation Generator
Search a book by title or ISBN and get a full, formatted citation — author, title, publisher, and year filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles.
Book Chapter Citation Generator
Cite a chapter in an edited book or anthology in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the chapter author, chapter title, book editor(s), book title, page range, and publisher and get a full, formatted reference.
Journal Article Citation Generator
Paste a DOI or article title and get a full, formatted journal citation — author, title, journal, volume, year, and pages filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,832 styles.
YouTube Citation Generator
Paste a YouTube or video URL and get a full, formatted citation — uploader, title, site, and date filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles.
Newspaper Citation Generator
Paste an online news article URL and get a full, formatted citation — author, headline, newspaper, and date filled in automatically — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles.
Magazine Citation Generator
Cite a print or online magazine article in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the author, article title, magazine name, and date and get a full, formatted reference.
Podcast Citation Generator
Cite a podcast episode or series in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the host, episode title, show name, and date and get a full, formatted reference.
Conference Paper Citation Generator
Cite a conference paper, presentation, or proceedings in APA, MLA, Chicago, IEEE, and 10,832 styles — enter the paper title, authors, conference name, location, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Encyclopedia Citation Generator
Cite an encyclopedia or reference-work entry — Wikipedia, Britannica, or a subject encyclopedia — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. Enter the entry title, encyclopedia name, author, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Report Citation Generator
Cite a government report, technical report, NGO or think-tank report, annual report, or white paper in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the organization, title, report number, publisher, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Song Citation Generator
Cite a song, single, or album — from Spotify, Apple Music, or a CD — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. Enter the artist, song title, album, label, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Movie & Film Citation Generator
Enter a film's title, director, studio, and year and get a full, formatted citation — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. Free, no sign-up.
Thesis & Dissertation Citation Generator
Cite a thesis or dissertation in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the author, title, degree type, university, and year and get a full, formatted reference.
Interview Citation Generator
Cite a personal, published, or broadcast interview in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles — enter the interviewee, interviewer, date, and publication and get a full, formatted reference.
Image Citation Generator
Enter a photo, figure, or artwork's creator, title, format, year, and source and get a full, formatted citation — in APA, MLA, Chicago, and 10,832 styles. Free, no sign-up.
Et Al. Rules Calculator
Determine when to use et al. in your citations. Get the correct rules for APA 7th, MLA 9th, Chicago, Harvard, and Vancouver.
Citation Checker (APA 7)
Paste your APA 7 reference list to catch likely formatting issues — author order, year, DOI format, sentence case, alphabetical order, and duplicates. Free and unlimited.
Citation Checker (MLA 9)
Paste your MLA 9 Works Cited list to catch likely formatting issues — author inversion, the 'and' connector, Title Case, DOI format, alphabetical order, and duplicates. Free and unlimited.
In-Text Citation Generator
Generate in-text citations for APA, MLA, and Chicago. Enter author names and year to get properly formatted parenthetical and narrative citations.
Chicago Footnote Generator
Generate full Chicago-style footnotes (notes and bibliography). Paste a URL, DOI, or ISBN and get the footnote plus the matching bibliography entry.
Annotated Bibliography Maker
Create annotated bibliography entries. Add summaries and evaluations to your citations with proper formatting.
Citation Counter
Count the number of citations and references in your academic paper. Detect parenthetical, narrative, and numbered citation formats across APA, MLA, Chicago, and more.
ChatGPT & AI Citation Generator
Cite ChatGPT and other generative AI tools in APA, MLA, and Chicago. See official reference, Works Cited, and footnote formats with examples.
Formatting Tools
Title Case Converter
Convert text to Title Case, UPPERCASE, lowercase, or Sentence case. Follows APA, MLA, Chicago, and AP title capitalization rules.
Hanging Indent Formatter
Format your bibliography with proper hanging indents. Copy formatted text for APA, MLA, and Chicago reference lists.
Block Quote Formatter
Format long quotes as block quotations with proper indentation for APA, MLA, and Chicago styles. Know when to use block quotes.
Remove Line Breaks
Remove unwanted line breaks and extra whitespace from text copied from PDFs, emails, or web pages. Clean up formatting instantly.
Remove Duplicate Lines
Remove duplicate lines from your text while preserving the original order. See which lines were duplicates and how many were removed.
Sort Lines Alphabetically
Sort lines alphabetically (A–Z or Z–A), by length, or reverse line order. Perfect for sorting lists, references, and data.
Number to Words Converter
Convert numbers to their written word form. Follow APA, Chicago, and AP style rules for when to spell out numbers vs. use numerals in academic writing.
Backwards Text Generator
Reverse text character by character, word by word, or line by line. Generate backwards text, mirror text, and upside-down text for creative projects.
Sentence Case Converter
Convert text to sentence case — capitalize only the first letter of each sentence. Perfect for fixing ALL CAPS text or reformatting titles and headings.
Title Page Generator
Create a correctly formatted APA 7 (student or professional) title page or MLA 9 first-page heading. Live preview plus copy-as-Word-ready HTML.
Converter Tools
Citation Format Converter
Convert citations between BibTeX, RIS, and formatted text. Paste a citation in one format and export it in another.
JSON Formatter & Validator
Format, validate, and beautify JSON data. Minify or pretty-print JSON with syntax highlighting and error detection.
CSV to Table Converter
Convert CSV data into formatted tables. Preview your data as an HTML table and copy it for use in documents, reports, or web pages.
Text to URL Slug Converter
Convert any text into a clean, URL-friendly slug. Remove special characters, replace spaces with hyphens, and generate SEO-friendly URLs instantly.
HTML Tag Remover
Remove all HTML tags from text and extract clean plain text. Perfect for cleaning up content copied from web pages, emails, or CMS editors.
Markdown to Plain Text
Convert Markdown-formatted text to clean plain text. Remove headers, bold, italics, links, lists, and other Markdown syntax while preserving readability.
Text Encoder & Decoder
Encode and decode text in multiple formats: URL encoding, Base64, HTML entities, and Unicode escape sequences. Convert between formats instantly.