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Reference elements

Place of publication

The city where a book was published, still required by Chicago and MLA-adjacent practice but dropped from APA 7.

APA 6 wanted “New York, NY: Academic Press”; APA 7 wants just “Academic Press”. The change reflects reality — for a modern book the city tells a reader nothing they need. MLA 9 also omits it except for pre-1900 works.

Chicago retains it, and it genuinely matters for older books, where the same title from different cities can be a different setting of the text. Add the state, province, or country only where the city is ambiguous.

See also

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