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Reference elements

Annotated bibliography

A bibliography where each entry is followed by a short paragraph summarising and evaluating the source.

An annotated bibliography pairs each reference with an annotation, typically 100–200 words, that says what the source argues and what it is good for. Annotations are descriptive (what is in it), evaluative (how good is it), reflective (how it serves your project), or some mix — the assignment usually specifies which.

It is most often set as a stage in a longer project: it forces you to read before you write, and it leaves you a map of your own sources. Formatting follows the parent style — an APA annotated bibliography uses APA references, with the annotation indented beneath each entry.

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